Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition Susannah Nelson Longenbaker Test Bank

Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition Susannah Nelson Longenbaker Te
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and

Physiology 8th Edition Susannah Nelson
Longenbaker Test Bank
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Chapter 09 The Sensory System
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. The signaling system begun by a stimulus is called a(n)

A. action potential.
B. all-or-none response.
C. receptor potential.
D. local potential.
2. Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptors?

A. Taste
B. Olfaction
C. Proprioception
D. Taste and olfaction
3. What type of receptor responds to changes in temperature?

A. Mechanoreceptor
B. Thermoreceptor
C. Photoreceptor
D. Chemoreceptor
4. Nerve signals from the general body senses travel up the spinal cord to the thalamus and then to the
A. somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.
B. prefrontal area of the frontal lobe.
C. visual area of the occipital lobe.
D. primary motor area of the frontal lobe.
5. Receptors can generate action potentials.

True False
6. Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of

A. pain.
B. temperature.
C. pressure.
D. limb position.
7. Information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are used for
A. maintaining equilibrium and posture.
B. processing pain.
C. registering pressure.
D. registering light touch.
8. The function of muscle spindles is to detect

A. muscle or tendon stretch.
B. muscle or tendon contraction.
C. muscle or tendon relaxation.
D. None apply.
9. The response to signals from muscle spindles is to

A. decrease the degree of muscle contraction.
B. increase the degree of muscle relaxation.
C. increase the degree of muscle contraction.
D. decrease the frequency of impulses to muscles.
10. The response to signals from Golgi tendon organs is to

B. decrease the degree of muscle relaxation.
D. None apply.
11. The speed of the action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle
stretch.
True False
12. Excessive muscle contraction will activate

A. muscle spindles.
B. Golgi tendon organs.
C. Merkel disks.
D. Meissner corpuscles.
13. Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to fine touch?
A. Meissner corpuscles
B. Root hair plexus
C. Pacinian corpuscles
D. Merkel disks
14. Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to pressure?

A. Ruffini endings
B. Meissner corpuscles
D. Krause end bulb
15. Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT correctly matched with its stimulus?
A. Krause end bulbs - pressure
B. Free nerve endings - heat or cold
C. Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch
D. Ruffini endings - pressure
16. What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the
forearm?
A. Merkel disk
B. Pacinian corpusle
C. Meissner corpuscle
D. Root hair plexus
17. Temperature receptors of the skin are

A. Ruffini endings.
B. Krause end bulbs.
C. Free nerve endings.
D. Merkel disks.
18. Which type of cutaneous receptor would respond to the lightest pressure?
A. Krause end bulbs
B. Ruffini endings
D. Meissner corpuscles
19. Receptors all over the body are very specific in the type of stimulus they respond to.
True False
20. The feeling of pain on the body surface that has its origin in an internal organ is called
A. nociception.
B. proprioception.
C. referred pain.
D. visceral pain.
21. Nociceptors
A. are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues.
B. detect pain.
C. are found in internal organs.
D. All apply.
22. Somatic nociceptors are stimulated by excessive stretching of internal organs.

True False
23. Pain receptors are stimulated by normal changes in chemicals.

True False
24. When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm. What is this
called and why does it occur?
25. Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that will activate a chemoreceptor?
A. Taste of pizza
B. Carbon dioxide level of the blood
C. Oxygen deprivation in a visceral organ
D. Smell of roses
26. The sensory receptors for taste are located in
A. taste buds.
B. salivary glands.
C. the teeth.
D. the cheeks.
27. Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?

A. Umami
B. Sweet
C. Bitter
D. Minty
E. Salty
28. The gustatory (taste) area of the cerebrum is located in the

A. parietal lobe.
B. insula.
C. frontal lobe.
D. parietal lobe and insula.
29. The bonding of chemicals to receptors on microvilli of the taste buds will initiate nerve impulses.
True False
30. Taste buds are found on structures called lamellae.

True False
31. Olfactory receptors are located on microvilli projecting from olfactory cells.
True False
32. Which of the following is INCORRECT about olfaction (smell)?

A. Olfactory cells are modified neurons.
B. Olfactory cilia have receptors for odor molecules.
C. There are 23 primary odors.
D. What we taste is related to what we smell.
33. The olfactory receptors are located
A. in the roof of the nasal cavity.
B. on nasal mucosa cilia.
C. in the back of the throat.
D. in the paranasal sinuses.
34. The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the

A. insula.
B. parietal lobe.
C. temporal lobe.
D. frontal lobe.
35. An emotional response to an odor means that the _______ is involved.

A. reticular activating system
B. limbic system
C. somatosensory area
D. cerebrospinal fluid
36. Gustation and olfaction rely on each other to give complete perceptions of taste and smell.
True False
37. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit of the eye?
A. Ethmoid
B. Palatine
C. Zygomatic
D. Temporal
38. The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the
A. conjunctiva.
B. lacrimal apparatus.
C. aqueous humor.
D. sclera.
39. The structure that produces tears is called the
A. conjunctiva.
C. aqueous humor.
D. sclera.
40. What is the purpose of blinking of the eyes?

A. Lubricate the eye surface
B. Protect the eye from infection
C. Remove debris from the eye surface
D. Lubricate and remove debris from eye surface
41. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyebrows.
True False
42. The conjunctiva covers the cornea.

True False
43. The three pair of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called
____ muscles.
A. intrinsic
B. extrinsic
44. The medial rectus muscle

A. rolls the eye upward.
B. turns the eye outward, away from the midline.
C. turns the eye inward, toward the midline.
D. rotates the eye clockwise.
45. The superior oblique muscle

C. rotates the eye counterclockwise.
46. The inferior rectus muscle
A. rolls the eye downward.
B. rotates the eye clockwise.
D. rolls the eye upward.
47. Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?
A. Oculomotor
B. Abducens
C. Trigeminal
D. Trochlear
48. Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?

A. Lateral rectus muscle
B. Medial rectus muscle
C. Superior oblique muscle
D. Inferior rectus muscle
49. Eyebrows have no function connected with the eyes. They are only cosmetic.
True False
50. Photoreceptors are located in the

A. retina.
B. cornea.
C. choroids.
D. sclera.
51. Absorption of stray light rays occurs in the

A. retina.
B. cornea.
C. choroid.
D. sclera.
52. The lens is held in place by the
A. retina.
B. cornea.
C. choroids.
D. ciliary body.
53. Protection and support is the function of the ____ of the eye.
A. retina
B. cornea
C. choroid
D. sclera
54. What is the function of the iris?

A. Changes the shape of the lens
B. Absorbs stray light rays
C. Regulates the size of the pupil
D. Refracts light rays
55. Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. convergence.
D. transmutation.
56. The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the
A. aqueous humor.
B. lacrimal secretions.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.
57. What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?
A. Vitreous body
B. Bipolar cell layer
C. Fovea centralis
D. Blind spot
58. The muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil is the
A. choroids.
B. suspensory ligament.
C. ciliary muscle.
D. iris.
59. The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the
A. aqueous humor.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.
60. The lens of the eye rounds up or bulges

A. for distant vision.
B. for close vision.
C. when a person is frightened.
D. when sleeping.
61. Which is (are) involved in refraction?

A. lens
B. iris
C. choriod
D. All apply.
62. Which of the following is NOT involved in refraction?

A. Cornea
B. Aqueous humor
C. Lens
D. Pupil
63. Changing the shape of the lens to correctly focus light on the retina is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. astigmatism.
D. presbyopia.
64. The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the
A. lens.
B. blind spot.
C. ciliary body.
D. fovea.
65. Which of the following is (are) true of the rods?

A. See color
B. Function in dim light
C. Located in the fovea centralis
D. All apply.
66. The cones are most densely packed in the

A. blind spot.
B. vitreous humor.
C. fovea centralis.
D. choroids.
67. The photopigment rhodopsin is found in

A. rods.
B. cones.
68. Which of the following is NOT a color pigment found in cones?

A. Red
B. Green
C. Yellow
D. Blue
69. Which of the following is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex?
A. Optic nerve, optic radiations, optic chiasma, ganglion cells, thalamus, optic tract, occipital lobe
B. Optic tract, ganglion cells, optic radiations, thalamus, optic chiasma, optic nerve, temporal lobe
C. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiations, occipital lobe
D. Optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasma, optic radiations, thalamus, ganglion cells, parietal lobe
70. Where does the visual pathway cross so that each optic tract carries impulses from the opposite visual
field?
A. Thalamus
B. Optic radiations
C. Optic chiasma
D. Optic nerve
71. Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina.
True False
72. Photoreceptors are the same as other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light causes the release of
neurotransmitters, which then creates an action potential.
True False
73. The image, ╓ is projected onto the retina as ╜.

True False
74. Describe the focusing process of the eye.
75. Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
76. The clouding of the lens is called
A. a cataract.
B. macular degeneration.
C. detached retina.
D. glaucoma.
77. Blindness caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina is

A. cataracts.
C. glaucoma.
D. conjunctivitis.
78. People who can see close objects better than those far away have
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. astigmatism.
79. Nearsightedness is due to a(n)

A. shortened eyeball.
B. elongated eyeball.
C. damaged lens.
D. damaged cornea.
80. The buildup of pressure due to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as
A. cataracts.
B. glaucoma.
C. a sty.
D. astigmatism.
81. The corrective lens for those with myopia is _________ which will diverge the light rays so that they focus
on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex
82. People who can see far objects better than those that are close have
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. astigmatism.
83. Farsightedness is due to a(n)

C. damaged lens.
D. damaged cornea.
84. The corrective lens for those with hyperopia is _______ which will bend the light rays more so that they
focus on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex
85. Astigmatism is due to a(n)

C. misshapened cornea or lens.
D. increased pressure inside the eye.
86. The external auditory canal is part of the

A. middle ear.
B. outer ear.
C. inner ear.
87. The cochlea is part of the

A. middle ear.
B. outer ear.
C. inner ear.
88. The ossicles are part of the

A. middle ear.
B. outer ear.
C. inner ear.
89. Which of the following is NOT an ossicle?
A. Stapes
B. Malleus
C. Cochlea
D. Incus
90. Which of the following is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory (eustachian) tube?
A. Inner ear
B. Cochlea
C. Middle ear
D. Outer ear
91. What structure does the stapes attach to?

A. Tympanic membrane
B. Oval window
C. Malleus
D. Round window
92. What is the function of the auditory (eustachian) tube?

A. Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear
B. Allows fluid to drain out of the inner ear
C. Keeps infection out of the middle ear
D. Allows us to hear ourselves speak
93. What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
A. Auditory tube
B. Round window
C. Oval window
D. Tympanic membrane
94. Which of the following structures is NOT involved in hearing?

A. Ossicles
B. Cochlea
C. Semicircular canals
D. Pinna
95. The receptors for hearing and balance are in the
A. outer ear.
B. middle ear.
C. inner ear.
96. Which of the following structures have hair cells as receptors?

A. Cochlea
B. Semicircular canals
C. Vestibule
D. All apply.
97. The function(s) of the ossicles in hearing is (are)

A. equalize pressure in the middle ear.
B. magnifiying the sound waves about 20 times.
C. transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear.
D. Both magnifiying the sound waves about 20 times and transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner
ear.
98. The sense organ for hearing is the

A. crista ampullaris.
B. macula.
C. spiral organ.
D. saccule.
99. We hear and control equilibrium with microscopic hair cells.

True False
100. The auditory cortex is located in the

A. temporal lobe.
B. parietal lobe.
C. insula.
D. occipital lobe.
101. Where is the spiral organ located?
A. Cochlear duct
B. Vestibular duct
C. Tympanic duct
D. Semicircular duct
102. The hair cells of the organ of Corti have stereocilia embedded in the
A. basilar membrane.
B. tympanic membrane.
C. oval window.
D. tectorial membrane.
103. What substance is found in the cochlear duct?

A. Endolymph
B. Air
C. Perilymph
D. Mucus
104. The pitch of a sound depends on which part of the basilar membrane vibrates.
True False
105. Which part of the spiral organ responds to low pitched sounds?
A. The tip
B. The middle
C. The base
D. Along the entire length
106. The base of the spiral organ responds to low frequencies of sound.
True False
107. Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
108. Which of the following functions in gravitational equilibrium?
A. Saccule
B. Utricle
D. Both saccule and utricle are correct.
109. Which of the following functions in rotational equilibrium?

A. Saccule
B. Utricle
110. Which of the following is NOT a component of the semicircular canals?

A. Ampulla
B. Cupula
C. Otoliths
D. Endolymph
111. Which of the following is NOT involved in the sense of equilibrium?

A. Vision
B. Hearing
C. Proprioceptors in joints and muscles
D. Cerebellum
112. What structures in the utricle and saccule interact with the stereocilia to produce action potentials?
A. Ampullae
B. Cupulae
C. Otoliths
D. Cochlea
113. Which ear component tells your brain that you are standing on your head?
A. Semicircular canals
B. Utricle
C. Spiral organ
D. Saccule
114. Which ear component tells your brain that you are doing a sit-spin on the ice?
B. Utricle and saccule
C. Spiral organ
D. Ossicles
115. Which ear component tells your brain that you slid forward on ice and ran into a wall?
B. Utricle
C. Spiral organ
D. Saccule
116. Movement of fluid in the semicircular canals will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia to
create an action potential.
True False
117. The clouding of the lens is an aging condition of the eyes called
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
C. macular degeneration.
D. cataracts.
118. Destruction of the macula lutea that contains the fovea centralis results in
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
D. cataracts.
119. Age-related decline in hearing is called

A. presbycusis.
B. otosclerosis.
C. conduction deafness.
D. sensorineural deafness.
120. Which aspect of a noise may affect hearing loss?
A. Loudness
B. Duration
C. Proximity
D. All apply.
121. Conduction deafness may be due to damage to the

A. organ of Corti.
B. incus, malleus, and stapes.
C. cochlear nerve.
D. All apply.
Chapter 09 The Sensory System Key
1. The signaling system begun by a stimulus is called a(n)

A. action potential.
B. all-or-none response.
C. receptor potential.
D. local potential.
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

HAPS Objective: H.06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptprs for general senses are stimulated.
Learning Outcome: 09.01
Section: 09.01
Topic: Nervous System
2. Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptors?

A. Taste
B. Olfaction
C. Proprioception
D. Taste and olfaction

HAPS Objective: H.06.02d chemoreceptors describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in
the body.
Section: 09.01
3. What type of receptor responds to changes in temperature?

A. Mechanoreceptor
B. Thermoreceptor
C. Photoreceptor
D. Chemoreceptor

HAPS Objective: H.06.02b temperature receptors describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be
found in the body.
Section: 09.01
4. Nerve signals from the general body senses travel up the spinal cord to the thalamus and then to the
A. somatosensory area of the parietal lobe.
B. prefrontal area of the frontal lobe.
C. visual area of the occipital lobe.
D. primary motor area of the frontal lobe.

HAPS Objective: H.07.04 Identify the five lobes of the cerebral cortex and describe how the motor and sensory functions of the cerebrum are distributed among the
lobes.
Section: 09.01
5. Receptors can generate action potentials.

FALSE
Receptors can not generate action potentials.

Section: 09.01
6. Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of

A. pain.
B. temperature.
C. pressure.
D. limb position.

HAPS Objective: H.06.01c proprioceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origin of the stimuli it receives.
HAPS Objective: H.06.02c mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and barorceptors/pressoreceptors) describe each type of receptor below, indicating what
sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body.
Section: 09.01
7. Information from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are used for
A. maintaining equilibrium and posture.
B. processing pain.
C. registering pressure.
D. registering light touch.

Section: 09.01
8. The function of muscle spindles is to detect

A. muscle or tendon stretch.
B. muscle or tendon contraction.
C. muscle or tendon relaxation.
D. None apply.

Section: 09.01
9. The response to signals from muscle spindles is to

B. increase the degree of muscle relaxation.
D. decrease the frequency of impulses to muscles.

Section: 09.01
10. The response to signals from Golgi tendon organs is to
B. decrease the degree of muscle relaxation.
D. None apply.

Section: 09.01
11. The speed of the action potentials generated by a muscle spindle is proportional to the amount of muscle
stretch.
TRUE

Section: 09.01
12. Excessive muscle contraction will activate

A. muscle spindles.
B. Golgi tendon organs.
C. Merkel disks.
D. Meissner corpuscles.

Section: 09.01
13. Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to fine touch?
A. Meissner corpuscles
B. Root hair plexus
D. Merkel disks

HAPS Objective: H.06.01a exteroceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origin of the stimuli it receives.
Section: 09.01
14. Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to pressure?
A. Ruffini endings
B. Meissner corpuscles
D. Krause end bulb

Section: 09.01
15. Which of the following cutaneous receptors is NOT correctly matched with its stimulus?
A. Krause end bulbs - pressure
B. Free nerve endings - heat or cold
C. Pacinian corpuscles - fine touch
D. Ruffini endings - pressure

Section: 09.01
16. What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the
forearm?
A. Merkel disk
B. Pacinian corpusle
C. Meissner corpuscle
D. Root hair plexus
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand

Section: 09.01
17. Temperature receptors of the skin are
A. Ruffini endings.
B. Krause end bulbs.
C. Free nerve endings.
D. Merkel disks.

HAPS Objective: H.06.02b temperature receptors describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be
found in the body.
Section: 09.01
18. Which type of cutaneous receptor would respond to the lightest pressure?
A. Krause end bulbs
B. Ruffini endings
D. Meissner corpuscles

Section: 09.01
19. Receptors all over the body are very specific in the type of stimulus they respond to.
FALSE
Receptors all over the body are somewhat, but not completely specialized.

Section: 09.01
20. The feeling of pain on the body surface that has its origin in an internal organ is called
A. nociception.
B. proprioception.
C. referred pain.
D. visceral pain.

HAPS Objective: H.06.02a pain receptors (nociceptors) describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it
can be found in the body.
Section: 09.01
21. Nociceptors
A. are stimulated by chemicals released from damaged tissues.
B. detect pain.
C. are found in internal organs.
D. All apply.

Section: 09.01
Section: 09.04
22. Somatic nociceptors are stimulated by excessive stretching of internal organs.

FALSE
Visceral nociceptors are stimulated by excessive stretching of internal organs.

HAPS Objective: H.06.01b interoceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origin of the stimuli it receives.
Section: 09.01
23. Pain receptors are stimulated by normal changes in chemicals.
FALSE
Pain receptors are stimulated by abnormal changes in chemicals.

the body.
Section: 09.01
24. When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm. What is this
called and why does it occur?
This is an example of referred pain. Referred pain occurs when nerve impulses originating at internal organs
travel in the same spinal cord pathway as messages from the skin. Both sets of neurons converge on the same
neural pathway to the brain. The brain interprets the pain from the organ as coming from the skin

Section: 09.01
25. Which of the following is NOT a stimulus that will activate a chemoreceptor?
A. Taste of pizza
B. Carbon dioxide level of the blood
C. Oxygen deprivation in a visceral organ
D. Smell of roses

HAPS Objective: H.06.01b interoceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origin of the stimuli it receives.
the body.
Section: 09.02
26. The sensory receptors for taste are located in
A. taste buds.
B. salivary glands.
C. the teeth.
D. the cheeks.

the body.
HAPS Objective: I.04.01 Identify the location and structure of taste buds.
Section: 09.02
27. Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?

A. Umami
B. Sweet
C. Bitter
D. Minty
E. Salty

HAPS Objective: I.04.04 Describe the five primary taste sensations.
Section: 09.02
28. The gustatory (taste) area of the cerebrum is located in the

A. parietal lobe.
B. insula.
C. frontal lobe.
D. parietal lobe and insula.

HAPS Objective: I.04.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain.
Section: 09.02
29. The bonding of chemicals to receptors on microvilli of the taste buds will initiate nerve impulses.
TRUE

HAPS Objective: I.04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors.
Section: 09.02
30. Taste buds are found on structures called lamellae.
FALSE
Taste buds are found on structures called papillae.

HAPS Objective: I.04.01 Identify the location and structure of taste buds.
Section: 09.02
31. Olfactory receptors are located on microvilli projecting from olfactory cells.
FALSE
Olfactory receptors are located on cilia projecting from olfactory cells.

the body.
HAPS Objective: I.03.01 Identify the location of olfactory receptors.
Section: 09.02
32. Which of the following is INCORRECT about olfaction (smell)?

A. Olfactory cells are modified neurons.
B. Olfactory cilia have receptors for odor molecules.
C. There are 23 primary odors.
D. What we taste is related to what we smell.

HAPS Objective: I.03.02 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors.
Section: 09.02
33. The olfactory receptors are located

A. in the roof of the nasal cavity.
B. on nasal mucosa cilia.
C. in the back of the throat.
D. in the paranasal sinuses.

HAPS Objective: I.03.01 Identify the location of olfactory receptors.
Section: 09.02
34. The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the
A. insula.
B. parietal lobe.
C. temporal lobe.
D. frontal lobe.

HAPS Objective: I.03.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain.
Section: 09.02
35. An emotional response to an odor means that the _______ is involved.

A. reticular activating system
B. limbic system
C. somatosensory area
D. cerebrospinal fluid

HAPS Objective: I.03.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain.
Section: 09.02
36. Gustation and olfaction rely on each other to give complete perceptions of taste and smell.
TRUE

the body.
HAPS Objective: I.03.02 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors.
HAPS Objective: I.04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors.
Section: 09.02
37. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the orbit of the eye?
A. Ethmoid
B. Palatine
C. Zygomatic
D. Temporal

HAPS Objective: I.01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
Section: 09.03
38. The mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelids is called the
A. conjunctiva.
C. aqueous humor.
D. sclera.

HAPS Objective: I.02.01 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye.
Section: 09.03
39. The structure that produces tears is called the

A. conjunctiva.
C. aqueous humor.
D. sclera.

Section: 09.03
40. What is the purpose of blinking of the eyes?

A. Lubricate the eye surface
B. Protect the eye from infection
C. Remove debris from the eye surface
D. Lubricate and remove debris from eye surface

Section: 09.03
41. The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyebrows.
FALSE
The levator palpebrae superioris muscle will raise the eyelid.

Section: 09.03
42. The conjunctiva covers the cornea.
FALSE
The conjunctiva covers the anterior eye, but not the cornea.

Section: 09.03
43. The three pair of muscles attached to the outside of the eyeball that are used for eye movement are called
____ muscles.
A. intrinsic
B. extrinsic

Section: 09.03
44. The medial rectus muscle


Section: 09.03
45. The superior oblique muscle

C. rotates the eye counterclockwise.

Section: 09.03
46. The inferior rectus muscle
A. rolls the eye downward.
B. rotates the eye clockwise.
D. rolls the eye upward.

Section: 09.03
47. Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?
A. Oculomotor
B. Abducens
C. Trigeminal
D. Trochlear

Section: 09.03
48. Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?

A. Lateral rectus muscle
B. Medial rectus muscle
C. Superior oblique muscle
D. Inferior rectus muscle

Section: 09.03
49. Eyebrows have no function connected with the eyes. They are only cosmetic.
FALSE
Eyes shade the eyes from light and block perspiration.

Section: 09.03
50. Photoreceptors are located in the
A. retina.
B. cornea.
C. choroids.
D. sclera.

Section: 09.03
51. Absorption of stray light rays occurs in the

A. retina.
B. cornea.
C. choroid.
D. sclera.

Section: 09.03
52. The lens is held in place by the

A. retina.
B. cornea.
C. choroids.
D. ciliary body.

Section: 09.03
53. Protection and support is the function of the ____ of the eye.
A. retina
B. cornea
C. choroid
D. sclera

Section: 09.03
54. What is the function of the iris?
A. Changes the shape of the lens
B. Absorbs stray light rays
C. Regulates the size of the pupil
D. Refracts light rays

Section: 09.03
55. Changing the shape of the lens for near and far vision is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. convergence.
D. transmutation.

HAPS Objective: I.02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina
Section: 09.03
56. The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the
A. aqueous humor.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.

HAPS Objective: I.02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
Section: 09.03
57. What is the area that contains only cones for the most acute vision?
A. Vitreous body
B. Bipolar cell layer
C. Fovea centralis
D. Blind spot

HAPS Objective: I.02.03 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it.
Section: 09.03
58. The muscle that controls the amount of light that enters the eye through the pupil is the
A. choroids.
B. suspensory ligament.
C. ciliary muscle.
D. iris.

Section: 09.03
59. The posterior compartment of the eye is filled with a clear gel called the
A. aqueous humor.
C. vitreous humor.
D. fovea centralis.

Section: 09.03
Section: 09.06
60. The lens of the eye rounds up or bulges

A. for distant vision.
B. for close vision.
C. when a person is frightened.
D. when sleeping.

Section: 09.03
61. Which is (are) involved in refraction?

A. lens
B. iris
C. choriod
D. All apply.

Section: 09.03
62. Which of the following is NOT involved in refraction?
A. Cornea
B. Aqueous humor
C. Lens
D. Pupil

Section: 09.03
63. Changing the shape of the lens to correctly focus light on the retina is called
A. refraction.
B. accommodation.
C. astigmatism.
D. presbyopia.

Section: 09.03
64. The place where the optic nerve exits the eye is the
A. lens.
B. blind spot.
C. ciliary body.
D. fovea.

Section: 09.03
65. Which of the following is (are) true of the rods?

A. See color
B. Function in dim light
C. Located in the fovea centralis
D. All apply.

HAPS Objective: I.02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
Section: 09.03
66. The cones are most densely packed in the
A. blind spot.
B. vitreous humor.
C. fovea centralis.
D. choroids.

Section: 09.03
67. The photopigment rhodopsin is found in

A. rods.
B. cones.

Section: 09.03
68. Which of the following is NOT a color pigment found in cones?

A. Red
B. Green
C. Yellow
D. Blue

Section: 09.04
69. Which of the following is the correct pathway from the retina to the visual cortex?
A. Optic nerve, optic radiations, optic chiasma, ganglion cells, thalamus, optic tract, occipital lobe
B. Optic tract, ganglion cells, optic radiations, thalamus, optic chiasma, optic nerve, temporal lobe
C. Ganglion cells, optic nerve, optic chiasma, optic tract, thalamus, optic radiations, occipital lobe
D. Optic nerve, optic tract, optic chiasma, optic radiations, thalamus, ganglion cells, parietal lobe

Section: 09.03
70. Where does the visual pathway cross so that each optic tract carries impulses from the opposite visual
field?
A. Thalamus
B. Optic radiations
C. Optic chiasma
D. Optic nerve

Section: 09.03
71. Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina.
FALSE
Rods and cones are not evenly distributed in the retina.

Section: 09.03
72. Photoreceptors are the same as other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light causes the release of
FALSE
Photoreceptors are different from other types of receptors in that the stimulus of light stops the release of

HAPS Objective: H.06.07 Compare and contrast receptors for the special senses with receptors for general sensation.
HAPS Objective: I.02.04 Explain how light activates photoreceptors.
Section: 09.03
73. The image, ╓ is projected onto the retina as ╜.

TRUE

Section: 09.03
74. Describe the focusing process of the eye.
The focusing of the eye, or accommodation, is the result of the contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle.
When an object is near, the ciliary muscle contracts and the lens becomes round so the object is in focus on the
retina. When an object is far away, the ciliary muscle relaxes and the lens flattens.

Section: 09.03
75. Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
Rods contain rhodopsin, a molecule that contains the protein opsin and the pigment retinal. The more
rhodopsin present in the rods, the better the dim vision. Because retinal is a derivative of vitamin A, the person
could have poor night vision if he/she has a deficiency of this vitamin.
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply

HAPS Objective: I.02.07 Explain the process of light and dark adaptation.
Section: 09.03
76. The clouding of the lens is called

A. a cataract.
C. detached retina.
D. glaucoma.

HAPS Objective: I.02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
Section: 09.03
77. Blindness caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina is

A. cataracts.
C. glaucoma.
D. conjunctivitis.

HAPS Objective: I.10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
Section: 09.03
78. People who can see close objects better than those far away have
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. astigmatism.

Section: 09.03
79. Nearsightedness is due to a(n)

C. damaged lens.
D. damaged cornea.

Section: 09.03
80. The buildup of pressure due to an increased amount of aqueous humor is known as
A. cataracts.
B. glaucoma.
C. a sty.
D. astigmatism.

HAPS Objective: I.10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the special sense organs could not maintain homeostasis.
Section: 09.03
81. The corrective lens for those with myopia is _________ which will diverge the light rays so that they focus
on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex

Section: 09.03
82. People who can see far objects better than those that are close have
A. hyperopia.
B. myopia.
C. presbyopia.
D. astigmatism.

Section: 09.03
83. Farsightedness is due to a(n)

C. damaged lens.
D. damaged cornea.

Section: 09.03
84. The corrective lens for those with hyperopia is _______ which will bend the light rays more so that they
focus on the retina.
A. concave
B. convex

Section: 09.03
85. Astigmatism is due to a(n)

C. misshapened cornea or lens.
D. increased pressure inside the eye.

Section: 09.03
86. The external auditory canal is part of the
A. middle ear.
B. outer ear.
C. inner ear.

HAPS Objective: I.05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
Section: 09.04
87. The cochlea is part of the

A. middle ear.
B. outer ear.
C. inner ear.

Section: 09.04
88. The ossicles are part of the

A. middle ear.
B. outer ear.
C. inner ear.

Section: 09.04
89. Which of the following is NOT an ossicle?

A. Stapes
B. Malleus
C. Cochlea
D. Incus

Section: 09.04
90. Which of the following is connected to the nasopharynx by the auditory (eustachian) tube?
A. Inner ear
B. Cochlea
C. Middle ear
D. Outer ear

HAPS Objective: I.07.02 Describe the role of the auditory tube in drainage and equalization of pressure in the middle ear.
Section: 09.04
91. What structure does the stapes attach to?

A. Tympanic membrane
B. Oval window
C. Malleus
D. Round window

Section: 09.04
92. What is the function of the auditory (eustachian) tube?

A. Equalizes air pressure in the middle ear
B. Allows fluid to drain out of the inner ear
C. Keeps infection out of the middle ear
D. Allows us to hear ourselves speak

HAPS Objective: I.07.02 Describe the role of the auditory tube in drainage and equalization of pressure in the middle ear.
Section: 09.04
93. What structure separates the outer ear from the middle ear?
A. Auditory tube
B. Round window
C. Oval window
D. Tympanic membrane

Section: 09.04
94. Which of the following structures is NOT involved in hearing?
A. Ossicles
B. Cochlea
D. Pinna

HAPS Objective: I.06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing.
Section: 09.04
95. The receptors for hearing and balance are in the

A. outer ear.
B. middle ear.
C. inner ear.

Section: 09.04
96. Which of the following structures have hair cells as receptors?

A. Cochlea
B. Semicircular canals
C. Vestibule
D. All apply.

HAPS Objective: I.08.02 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium.
HAPS Objective: I.08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium.
Section: 09.04
97. The function(s) of the ossicles in hearing is (are)
A. equalize pressure in the middle ear.
B. magnifiying the sound waves about 20 times.
C. transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner ear.
D. Both magnifiying the sound waves about 20 times and transferring the sound waves to the fluid of the inner
ear.

HAPS Objective: I.06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to
various parts of the brain.
Section: 09.04
98. The sense organ for hearing is the

A. crista ampullaris.
B. macula.
C. spiral organ.
D. saccule.

Section: 09.04
99. We hear and control equilibrium with microscopic hair cells.

TRUE

Section: 09.04
100. The auditory cortex is located in the
A. temporal lobe.
B. parietal lobe.
C. insula.
D. occipital lobe.

Section: 09.04
101. Where is the spiral organ located?

A. Cochlear duct
B. Vestibular duct
C. Tympanic duct
D. Semicircular duct

Section: 09.04
102. The hair cells of the organ of Corti have stereocilia embedded in the
A. basilar membrane.
B. tympanic membrane.
C. oval window.
D. tectorial membrane.

Section: 09.04
103. What substance is found in the cochlear duct?
A. Endolymph
B. Air
C. Perilymph
D. Mucus

Section: 09.04
104. The pitch of a sound depends on which part of the basilar membrane vibrates.
TRUE

HAPS Objective: I.06.03 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds.
Section: 09.04
105. Which part of the spiral organ responds to low pitched sounds?
A. The tip
B. The middle
C. The base
D. Along the entire length

Section: 09.04
106. The base of the spiral organ responds to low frequencies of sound.
FALSE
The base of the spiral organ responds to high frequencies of sound.

Section: 09.04
107. Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
Sound waves enter the auditory canal and vibrate the tympanic membrane, which vibrates the ossicles in the
middle ear, the malleus, incus, then stapes. The sound waves or vibrations are then sent through the oval
window, making vibrations or waves in the fluid in the canals of the inner ear. This stimulates the hearing
receptors, located on the spiral organ in the cochlea, which send the information to the temporal lobe of the
cerebrum.

Section: 09.04
108. Which of the following functions in gravitational equilibrium?

A. Saccule
B. Utricle

Section: 09.05
109. Which of the following functions in rotational equilibrium?

A. Saccule
B. Utricle

Section: 09.05
110. Which of the following is NOT a component of the semicircular canals?
A. Ampulla
B. Cupula
C. Otoliths
D. Endolymph

Section: 09.05
111. Which of the following is NOT involved in the sense of equilibrium?

A. Vision
B. Hearing
C. Proprioceptors in joints and muscles
D. Cerebellum

Section: 09.05
112. What structures in the utricle and saccule interact with the stereocilia to produce action potentials?
A. Ampullae
B. Cupulae
C. Otoliths
D. Cochlea

Section: 09.05
113. Which ear component tells your brain that you are standing on your head?
B. Utricle
C. Spiral organ
D. Saccule

Section: 09.05
114. Which ear component tells your brain that you are doing a sit-spin on the ice?
B. Utricle and saccule
C. Spiral organ
D. Ossicles

Section: 09.05
115. Which ear component tells your brain that you slid forward on ice and ran into a wall?
B. Utricle
C. Spiral organ
D. Saccule

Section: 09.05
116. Movement of fluid in the semicircular canals will cause the cupula to displace and bend the stereocilia to
create an action potential.
TRUE

Section: 09.05
117. The clouding of the lens is an aging condition of the eyes called
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
D. cataracts.

Section: 09.06
118. Destruction of the macula lutea that contains the fovea centralis results in
A. glaucoma.
B. presbyopia.
D. cataracts.

Section: 09.06
119. Age-related decline in hearing is called

A. presbycusis.
B. otosclerosis.
C. conduction deafness.
D. sensorineural deafness.

Section: 09.06
120. Which aspect of a noise may affect hearing loss?

A. Loudness
B. Duration
C. Proximity
D. All apply.

Section: 09.05
121. Conduction deafness may be due to damage to the

A. organ of Corti.
B. incus, malleus, and stapes.
C. cochlear nerve.
D. All apply.

Section: 09.05
Chapter 09 The Sensory System Summary
Category # of Qu
estions
Bloom's Level: 1. Remember 111
Bloom's Level: 2. Understand 9
Bloom's Level: 3. Apply 1
HAPS Objective: H.06.01a exteroceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origin 6
of the stimuli it receives.
HAPS Objective: H.06.01b interoceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origin 2
of the stimuli it receives.
HAPS Objective: H.06.01c proprioceptors describe each type of receptor below in terms of its general location in the body and the origi 6
n of the stimuli it receives.
HAPS Objective: H.06.02a pain receptors (nociceptors) describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and gi 5
ving an example of where it can be found in the body.
HAPS Objective: H.06.02b temperature receptors describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving a 2
n example of where it can be found in the body.
HAPS Objective: H.06.02c mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and barorceptors/pressoreceptors) describe each type of recepto 12
r below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body.
HAPS Objective: H.06.02d chemoreceptors describe each type of receptor below, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an exa 6
mple of where it can be found in the body.
HAPS Objective: H.06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptprs for general senses are stimulated. 4
HAPS Objective: H.06.07 Compare and contrast receptors for the special senses with receptors for general sensation. 1
HAPS Objective: H.07.04 Identify the five lobes of the cerebral cortex and describe how the motor and sensory functions of the cerebru 1
m are distributed among the lobes.
HAPS Objective: I.01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye. 20
HAPS Objective: I.02.01 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye. 10
HAPS Objective: I.02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina t 6
o various parts of the brain.
HAPS Objective: I.02.03 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it. 3
HAPS Objective: I.02.04 Explain how light activates photoreceptors. 1
HAPS Objective: I.02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina 7
HAPS Objective: I.02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision. 6
HAPS Objective: I.02.07 Explain the process of light and dark adaptation. 1
HAPS Objective: I.02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision. 12
HAPS Objective: I.03.01 Identify the location of olfactory receptors. 2
HAPS Objective: I.03.02 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors. 2
HAPS Objective: I.03.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain. 2
HAPS Objective: I.04.01 Identify the location and structure of taste buds. 2
HAPS Objective: I.04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors. 2
HAPS Objective: I.04.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain. 1
HAPS Objective: I.04.04 Describe the five primary taste sensations. 1
HAPS Objective: I.05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear. 8
HAPS Objective: I.06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing. 6
HAPS Objective: I.06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve im 6
pulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
HAPS Objective: I.06.03 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds. 4
HAPS Objective: I.07.02 Describe the role of the auditory tube in drainage and equalization of pressure in the middle ear. 2
HAPS Objective: I.08.02 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium. 7
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition Susannah Nelson Longenbaker Te
HAPS Objective: I.08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium. 7
HAPS Objective: I.10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis. 1
HAPS Objective: I.10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the special sense organs could not maintain home 6
ostasis.
Learning Outcome: 09.01 5
Section: 09.01 24
Section: 09.02 12
Section: 09.03 48
Section: 09.04 24
Section: 09.05 11
Section: 09.06 4
Topic: Nervous System 121
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1. The signaling system begun by a stimulus is called a(n)

2. Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptors?

3. What type of receptor responds to changes in temperature?

5. Receptors can generate action potentials.

6. Proprioceptors are involved in the sense of

8. The function of muscle spindles is to detect

9. The response to signals from muscle spindles is to

10. The response to signals from Golgi tendon organs is to

12. Excessive muscle contraction will activate

14. Which of the following is NOT a cutaneous receptor sensitive to pressure?

17. Temperature receptors of the skin are

22. Somatic nociceptors are stimulated by excessive stretching of internal organs.

23. Pain receptors are stimulated by normal changes in chemicals.

27. Which of the following is NOT a primary taste?

28. The gustatory (taste) area of the cerebrum is located in the

30. Taste buds are found on structures called lamellae.

32. Which of the following is INCORRECT about olfaction (smell)?

34. The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the

35. An emotional response to an odor means that the _______ is involved.

40. What is the purpose of blinking of the eyes?

42. The conjunctiva covers the cornea.

44. The medial rectus muscle

45. The superior oblique muscle

48. Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?

50. Photoreceptors are located in the

51. Absorption of stray light rays occurs in the

54. What is the function of the iris?

60. The lens of the eye rounds up or bulges

61. Which is (are) involved in refraction?

62. Which of the following is NOT involved in refraction?

65. Which of the following is (are) true of the rods?

66. The cones are most densely packed in the

67. The photopigment rhodopsin is found in

68. Which of the following is NOT a color pigment found in cones?

73. The image, ╓ is projected onto the retina as ╜.

74. Describe the focusing process of the eye.

77. Blindness caused by abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina is

79. Nearsightedness is due to a(n)

83. Farsightedness is due to a(n)

85. Astigmatism is due to a(n)

86. The external auditory canal is part of the

87. The cochlea is part of the

88. The ossicles are part of the

91. What structure does the stapes attach to?

92. What is the function of the auditory (eustachian) tube?

94. Which of the following structures is NOT involved in hearing?

96. Which of the following structures have hair cells as receptors?

97. The function(s) of the ossicles in hearing is (are)

98. The sense organ for hearing is the

99. We hear and control equilibrium with microscopic hair cells.

100. The auditory cortex is located in the

103. What substance is found in the cochlear duct?

109. Which of the following functions in rotational equilibrium?

110. Which of the following is NOT a component of the semicircular canals?

111. Which of the following is NOT involved in the sense of equilibrium?

119. Age-related decline in hearing is called

121. Conduction deafness may be due to damage to the

1. The signaling system begun by a stimulus is called a(n)

Bloom's Level: 1. Remember

2. Which of the following are examples of chemoreceptors?