Drugs Society and Human Behavior

15th Edition Hart Test Bank

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c10

Student: ___________________________________________________________________________

1. Tobacco use became popular in European culture because:

A. its pleasant taste and aroma were enticing.
B. it was associated with wealth and status.
C. it was easy to produce and obtain.
D. it was associated with Native American culture.

2. The major commercial species of Nicotiana that is grown for tobacco products is
A. Nicotiana rustica.
B. Nicotiana indica.
C. Nicotiana tobacum.
D. Nicotiana sinensis.

3. During the 18th century, which method of use of tobacco increased in England?
A. cigarettes
B. snuff
C. pipes
D. chewing tobacco

4. Chewing was the most popular form of tobacco use until about 1900, but by 1920 the most popular form
was
A. snuff.
B. cigarettes.
C. pipes.
D. cigars.

5. Over 90 percent of all U.S. cigarettes sold are now

A. filter cigarettes.
B. low-tar brands.
C. menthol flavored.
D. made outside the U.S.
6. Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S. began to decline
A. after WWII.
B. after the 1964 Surgeon General's report.
C. in 1980.
D. about ten years ago.

7. In 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the FDA

A. could regulate all tobacco products as drugs.
B. could regulate tobacco products as dietary supplements.
C. could regulate cigarettes, but not smokeless tobacco.
D. had no authority to regulate tobacco products.

8. People who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes

A. can avoid most of the health problems of cigarettes.
B. typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefit.
C. actually generate more secondhand smoke.
D. still have some risk, but it is much lower than with regular cigarettes.

9. Reynolds was unable to market Premier, a plastic cigarette containing catalytic crystals coated with tobacco
extract, because
A. they were too expensive.
B. the FDA considered them a "nicotine delivery device" rather than an agricultural product.
C. they proved more toxic than regular cigarettes.
D. they had a foul taste.

10. One big factor associated with lower rates of cigarette smoking among adults is
A. age.
B. high self-esteem.
C. higher level of education.
D. caffeine use.

11. The biggest health concern for users of smokeless tobacco has been
A. cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.
B. high blood pressure.
C. lung cancer.
D. liver disease.
12. One recent fad in tobacco use has been
A. tobacco lozenges.
B. nicotine soap.
C. hookahs (water pipes).
D. snorting powdered nicotine.

13. Although lung cancer is not common, about _______ percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers.
A. 10
B. 25
C. 40
D. 85

14. Annual "smoking attributable mortality" in the U.S. is estimated at

A. 2,000.
B. 10,000.
C. 40,000.
D. 440,000.

15. In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency declared that

A. sidestream smoke is lower in nitrosamines.
B. secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen that increases lung cancer risk.
C. smoking would be banned in all federal facilities.
D. cigarette smoking might be a cause of heart disease.

16. One of the most consistent and best-documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy is
A. low birth weight.
B. mental retardation.
C. abnormal facial features.
D. the infant experiences nicotine withdrawal.

17. Nicotine acts in the brain by

A. increasing serotonin reuptake.
B. enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects.
C. reducing blood flow to the cerebral cortex.
D. first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors.
18. As a potent poison, nicotine causes death by
A. stopping the heart.
B. paralysis of respiration muscles.
C. constricting blood vessels in the brain.
D. increasing blood pressure until a stroke occurs.

19. The psychological effect of cigarette smoking is

A. arousal and activation--a mild stimulant effect.
B. calm and relaxation--a mild antianxiety effect.
C. altered perception--a mild hallucinogenic effect.
D. a combination of A and B.

20. Recent research on the dependence produced by nicotine has focused on genetic differences related to:
A. opioid receptors.
B. serotonin receptors.
C. norepinephrine neurons.
D. acetylcholine receptors

21. About 90 percent of the more than 40 million former smokers in the U.S. report that
A. they crave cigarettes every day.
B. they quit smoking without a treatment program.
C. they still chew nicotine gum or wear a nicotine patch.
D. they have gained more than 10 pounds since quitting.

22. Gum, patches, lozenges, and inhalers are all various forms of
A. nicotine replacement therapy.
B. an oral substitute for cigarettes.
C. nicotine delivery that have been shown to be ineffective.
D. nicotine antagonists.

23. In 2006, the FDA approved a nicotine partial agonist drug as a smoking treatment. The drug is
A. diazepam (Valium).
B. olanzapine (Zyprexa).
C. varenicline (Chantix).
D. xanthine (Theophil).
24. In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
A. approved the marketing of "safer" cigarettes.
B. authorized the FDA to regulate tobacco products in specific ways.
C. approved novelty products, such as candy-flavored cigarettes.
D. was repealed by the U.S. legislature.

25. In July 2011, the nicotine vaccine NicVax was

A. approved by the FDA.
B. found to be more addictive than nicotine.
C. found to be no better than placebo.
D. None of the above.

26. The major commercial species of tobacco is Nicotiana tobacum.

True False

27. The most popular form of tobacco use in America before 1900 was cigar smoking.
True False

28. Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S. started to decrease in 1990.
True False

29. The FDA has regulated nicotine content of cigarettes since 1964.
True False

30. Although there are concerns about smoking during pregnancy, the research studies have not consistently
demonstrated any specific risks.
True False

31. Nicotine acts in the brain to first stimulate and then block several nicotinic subtypes of cholinergic
receptor.
True False
32. A cigar contains enough nicotine for two lethal doses, if the nicotine were injected.
True False

33. Ambien (zolpidem) has recently been approved by the FDA for use in smoking cessation.
True False

34. According to a 2010 report, 70% of R-rated movies (and 30% of G, PG, and PG-13 movies) in the U.S.
contained some tobacco use. Compared to 2005, this represents a decrease in depictions of tobacco use.
True False

35. New battery-powered electronic cigarettes (i.e., tobacco-less nicotine delivery systems) are quickly
becoming one the largest U.S. exports.
True False

36. There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects.
True False

37. The possibility of FDA regulation of tobacco products has been an ongoing topic since at least the early
1990s. Why do some think the FDA should regulate tobacco products, and what have been some of the issues
that complicate how they might do this?

38. Even though chewing tobacco might not be as unhealthy as smoking it, smokeless tobacco still has risks.
Compare and contrast the health risks of chewing and smoking tobacco.
39. Discuss the issue of secondhand smoke and restrictions on smoking in public places. Include your own
opinion about the fairness of such regulations, but be sure to include information about the effects of
secondhand smoke on nonsmokers, both in homes and the workplace.
c10 Key

1. (p. 227) Tobacco use became popular in European culture because:

A. its pleasant taste and aroma were enticing.
B. it was associated with wealth and status.
C. it was easy to produce and obtain.
D. it was associated with Native American culture.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #1

2. (p. 228) The major commercial species of Nicotiana that is grown for tobacco products is
A. Nicotiana rustica.
B. Nicotiana indica.
C. Nicotiana tobacum.
D. Nicotiana sinensis.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #2

3. (p. 229) During the 18th century, which method of use of tobacco increased in England?
A. cigarettes
B. snuff
C. pipes
D. chewing tobacco

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #3

4. (p. 230) Chewing was the most popular form of tobacco use until about 1900, but by 1920 the most popular
form was
A. snuff.
B. cigarettes.
C. pipes.
D. cigars.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #4
5. (p. 231) Over 90 percent of all U.S. cigarettes sold are now
A. filter cigarettes.
B. low-tar brands.
C. menthol flavored.
D. made outside the U.S.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #5

6. (p. 232) Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S. began to decline
A. after WWII.
B. after the 1964 Surgeon General's report.
C. in 1980.
D. about ten years ago.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #6

7. (p. 235) In 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the FDA
A. could regulate all tobacco products as drugs.
B. could regulate tobacco products as dietary supplements.
C. could regulate cigarettes, but not smokeless tobacco.
D. had no authority to regulate tobacco products.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #7

8. (p. 234) People who switch to low tar and nicotine brand cigarettes
A. can avoid most of the health problems of cigarettes.
B. typically take more and deeper puffs and probably get no safety benefit.
C. actually generate more secondhand smoke.
D. still have some risk, but it is much lower than with regular cigarettes.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #8
9. (p. 234) Reynolds was unable to market Premier, a plastic cigarette containing catalytic crystals coated with
tobacco extract, because
A. they were too expensive.
B. the FDA considered them a "nicotine delivery device" rather than an agricultural product.
C. they proved more toxic than regular cigarettes.
D. they had a foul taste.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #9

10. (p. 235) One big factor associated with lower rates of cigarette smoking among adults is
A. age.
B. high self-esteem.
C. higher level of education.
D. caffeine use.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #10

11. (p. 237) The biggest health concern for users of smokeless tobacco has been
A. cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.
B. high blood pressure.
C. lung cancer.
D. liver disease.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #11

12. (p. 237) One recent fad in tobacco use has been
A. tobacco lozenges.
B. nicotine soap.
C. hookahs (water pipes).
D. snorting powdered nicotine.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #12
13. (p. 238) Although lung cancer is not common, about _______ percent of all lung cancers occur in smokers.
A. 10
B. 25
C. 40
D. 85

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #13

14. (p. 238) Annual "smoking attributable mortality" in the U.S. is estimated at
A. 2,000.
B. 10,000.
C. 40,000.
D. 440,000.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #14

15. (p. 239) In 1993, the Environmental Protection Agency declared that
A. sidestream smoke is lower in nitrosamines.
B. secondhand smoke is a known carcinogen that increases lung cancer risk.
C. smoking would be banned in all federal facilities.
D. cigarette smoking might be a cause of heart disease.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #15

16. (p. 238, 240) One of the most consistent and best-documented effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy
is
A. low birth weight.
B. mental retardation.
C. abnormal facial features.
D. the infant experiences nicotine withdrawal.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #16
17. (p. 242) Nicotine acts in the brain by
A. increasing serotonin reuptake.
B. enhancing GABA's inhibitory effects.
C. reducing blood flow to the cerebral cortex.
D. first stimulating and then blocking cholinergic receptors.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #17

18. (p. 242) As a potent poison, nicotine causes death by

A. stopping the heart.
B. paralysis of respiration muscles.
C. constricting blood vessels in the brain.
D. increasing blood pressure until a stroke occurs.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #18

19. (p. 243) The psychological effect of cigarette smoking is

A. arousal and activation--a mild stimulant effect.
B. calm and relaxation--a mild antianxiety effect.
C. altered perception--a mild hallucinogenic effect.
D. a combination of A and B.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #19

20. (p. 244) Recent research on the dependence produced by nicotine has focused on genetic differences related
to:
A. opioid receptors.
B. serotonin receptors.
C. norepinephrine neurons.
D. acetylcholine receptors

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #20
21. (p. 244) About 90 percent of the more than 40 million former smokers in the U.S. report that
A. they crave cigarettes every day.
B. they quit smoking without a treatment program.
C. they still chew nicotine gum or wear a nicotine patch.
D. they have gained more than 10 pounds since quitting.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #21

22. (p. 245) Gum, patches, lozenges, and inhalers are all various forms of
A. nicotine replacement therapy.
B. an oral substitute for cigarettes.
C. nicotine delivery that have been shown to be ineffective.
D. nicotine antagonists.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #22

23. (p. 245) In 2006, the FDA approved a nicotine partial agonist drug as a smoking treatment. The drug is
A. diazepam (Valium).
B. olanzapine (Zyprexa).
C. varenicline (Chantix).
D. xanthine (Theophil).

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #23

24. (p. 235) In 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act
A. approved the marketing of "safer" cigarettes.
B. authorized the FDA to regulate tobacco products in specific ways.
C. approved novelty products, such as candy-flavored cigarettes.
D. was repealed by the U.S. legislature.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #24
25. (p. 241) In July 2011, the nicotine vaccine NicVax was
A. approved by the FDA.
B. found to be more addictive than nicotine.
C. found to be no better than placebo.
D. None of the above.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #25

26. (p. 228) The major commercial species of tobacco is Nicotiana tobacum.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #26

27. (p. 229) The most popular form of tobacco use in America before 1900 was cigar smoking.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #27

28. (p. 232) Per capita sales of cigarettes in the U.S. started to decrease in 1990.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #28

29. (p. 235) The FDA has regulated nicotine content of cigarettes since 1964.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #29

30. (p. 239-240) Although there are concerns about smoking during pregnancy, the research studies have not
consistently demonstrated any specific risks.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #30
31. (p. 242) Nicotine acts in the brain to first stimulate and then block several nicotinic subtypes of cholinergic
receptor.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #31

32. (p. 241) A cigar contains enough nicotine for two lethal doses, if the nicotine were injected.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #32

33. (p. 245) Ambien (zolpidem) has recently been approved by the FDA for use in smoking cessation.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #33

34. (p. 228) According to a 2010 report, 70% of R-rated movies (and 30% of G, PG, and PG-13 movies) in the
U.S. contained some tobacco use. Compared to 2005, this represents a decrease in depictions of tobacco use.
TRUE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #34

35. (p. 234) New battery-powered electronic cigarettes (i.e., tobacco-less nicotine delivery systems) are quickly
becoming one the largest U.S. exports.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #35

36. (p. 245) There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects.
FALSE

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #36
37. (p. 235) The possibility of FDA regulation of tobacco products has been an ongoing topic since at least the
early 1990s. Why do some think the FDA should regulate tobacco products, and what have been some of the
issues that complicate how they might do this?

Nicotine, a drug, seems to be the main reason for dependence, so some think the FDA should regulate nicotine
content. However, tobacco products were specifically excluded from the laws regulating drugs, a fact reinforced
by the 2000 Supreme Court decision. Also, most drugs make a therapeutic claim, and it is not clear what
beneficial treatment effect would be claimed by cigarettes. Probably any comparison of benefits vs. risks would
say cigarettes should not be sold at all, but that is unrealistic. The answer should also discuss the benefits and
criticisms associated with the 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Blooms Level: 02. Understand
Hart - Chapter 10 #37

38. (p. 236) Even though chewing tobacco might not be as unhealthy as smoking it, smokeless tobacco still has
risks. Compare and contrast the health risks of chewing and smoking tobacco.

Increased risk of cancer of the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus; tissue changes in the mouth resulting in
pre-cancer lesions; irritations of gums exposes teeth and gums to disease; loss of tooth enamel.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #38

39. (p. 239) Discuss the issue of secondhand smoke and restrictions on smoking in public places. Include your
own opinion about the fairness of such regulations, but be sure to include information about the effects of
secondhand smoke on nonsmokers, both in homes and the workplace.

The EPA has declared secondhand smoke to be a known carcinogen responsible for several thousand lung
cancer deaths yearly in nonsmokers. Workplace exposure for long periods of time each day is a risk. Children in
homes of smokers have a higher risk for asthma and SIDS.

Blooms Level: 01. Remember

Hart - Chapter 10 #39
c10 Summary

Category # of Questions
Blooms Level: 01. Remember 39
Blooms Level: 02. Understand 1
Hart - Chapter 10 39