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FOCAL POINTS Focus Questions

What is Drug Education?

What do you know about drugs?
What is Drug?
What are the types of Drugs?
Why should we avoid Dangerous Drugs?
What is Drug Abuse and what they can do to your body?
What are the Over-the-counter Drugs that can Lead to health problems?
How to prevent Drug Misuse and Addiction
What is Dangerous Drug Board and PDEA, and its Implementing Rules and
Regulations of RA 9165

?
• Introduction to Drug
Education

• Classifications of Drugs

• The Causes and Effects of

INSIDE
Drug Abuse and Addiction

• Over-the-counter Drugs

• Preventing Drug Misuse and

Addiction
 Table of Contents

• Pre-Assessment

• Introduction to Drug Education

• What is Drug?

• Origin of Drugs

• Drugs and Medicine

• Classification of Drugs

• Drug Abuse and Addiction

• Causes and Effects of Drug Abuse

• Most Used and Valuable Drugs

• Other Drug Abuse

• Over-the-counter Drugs
• Help seeking for drug related situations

• The Dangerous Drug Board

• PDEA and The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002

(Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9165)
• Activity

• Summary

• Assessment

• References
 Activity 1 Getting started
Learning intention
• You as student demonstrate current knowledgeand understandings about drugs and drug use
• You as student understand the aim of their drug education program
• You as a student identify rules for a safe classroomenvironment

Equipment
Activity sheet – Quiz marking key
Activity sheet – What do you know about drugs?

What do you know about drugs?

This quiz is to help you find out what you already know about drugs, the effects they can have on your
body, the laws about legal and illegal drugs, how you keep yourself and your mates safe in situations
where alcohol and drugs are being used, and your attitudes about alcohol and drugs.
Read each question and circle your answer. Write your name on this sheet.

Types of drugs and what they can do to

your body
1. Drugs can have different effects on your body. Classify 3. Alcohol can cause some cancers in the body.
these drugs according to the main affect they have on a) True b) False c) Don’tknow
your central nervous system (CNS).
nicotine caffeine alcohol ecstasy magic mushrooms 4. Smoking tobacco or cannabis using an implement (eg
amphetamines cannabis cocaine LSD heroin bong, shisha or hookah) will not reduce the damage to
your lungs.
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

Stimulants 5. Alcohol only affects the brain and liver.

a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

6. If a young person under 18 years of age drinks alcohol

Depressants
they can affect the healthy development of their brain.
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

7. If a woman drinks alcohol while she is pregnant or

Hallucinogens
breastfeeding it can cause damage to the baby.
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

Multi-action
(have more Drugs and the law
than one
effect) 8. It is legal to drink alcohol under the age of 18.
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

2. Dope, gunga and weed are all street or slang names for 9. Growing a couple of cannabis plants is legal in Western
which drug? Australia.
a) Cannabis b) Alcohol c) LSD d) Cocaine a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

e) Don’t know 10. Which list includes all legal drugs:

a) Analgesics, cannabis and caffeine

3. Alcohol can cause some cancers in the body.
b) nicotine, cannabis and caffeine
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow
c) Analgesics, nicotine, alcohol and caffeine

d) Don’t know

4
 What do you know about drugs?

11. A drug conviction may affect your future employment

and travelgoals. What drugs are used by some students?
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

12. L and P plate drivers and riders must have a Blood 18. Name the top 3 drug that most young people
Alcohol Concentration ofzero.

cannabis ecstasy alcohol nicotine

a) True b) False c) Don’tknow amphetamines analgesics tranquillisers

13. It is illegal to drink alcohol in public places

(park, beach, oval).
1.
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

2.
Helping yourself and your mates

14. If your mate has had too much to drink, should you:
3.
a) Leave your mate alone to sleepit off

b) Stay with your mate and watch while he/she drinks

some water and has something to eat
19. Two of the most used and valuable illegal
c) Encourage your mate to drive or walk home drugs in the country are methamphetamine
d) Don’t know hydrochloride and marijuana.
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow
15. Your mate has been using drugs and is on the ground
unconscious. You want to call an ambulance. If you do: 20. Methamphetamine hydrochloride is locally known
as shabu.
a) You will all be arrested by the police for using drugs
a) True b) False c) Don’tknow
b) Your mate will be arrested by the police for using
drugs
c) You will be able to get help for your mate from the
ambulance officers and the police who are only
concerned about safety

d) Don’t know

16. The best thing to do if someone has a bad reaction to

alcohol or a drug is to:
a) Watch them until it is out of their system

b) Call for help from an adult and/or an ambulance

c) Leave them alone

d) Hope they come right with time

e) Don’t know

17. In a health and safety situation involving alcohol or

drugs, it is important to look after myself and help my
mates.
CHALLENGES AND

a) True b) False c) Don’tknow

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 FAMILY INFoRMATIoN SHEET

Drug Education
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It’snot just thedrug

When a person uses a drug, is their experience only because of the drug they have used? Simple answer – No. Drug use
affects everyone differently.
When setting up open lines of communication to talk with your children about alcohol and other drugs, it is important to
be aware of individual differences and the factors involved in drug use.
The information provided on this sheet can help you to have those discussions.
The Drug Use Triangle shows how the effects and harms of drug use rely on the combination of three factors – ThePerson,
TheDrug and TheEnvironment.

Age? Experience? Male orfemale?

Body size? M ood? Personality?
Expectation of the drug?
Food intake?

Person

THE DRUG
USE
Type ofdrug? Where used?
TRIANGLE With whom?
How muchtaken?
Over what time ? On what occasion?
Other drugsused? Supervision?
Strength ofdrug? Time of day/week?
Purity of the drug? Activities aftertaking
the drug?

Want to know more?

• Drug Aware www.drugaware.com.au has reliable

information aboutall drugs Anydrug hasthepotential tocause
• Australian Drug Foundation www.adf.org.au has harm.Illegal drugsespecially
reliable information about all drugs can haveunexpected effects as
EDUCATING FOR SMARTER CHOICES

• Alcohol and Drug Support Line (08) 9442 5000 or thesubstancesin themareoften
1800 198 024 (country callers)
unknownand potentiallydangerous.
• Parent and Family Drug Support Line
Understanding thefactorsinvolved
(08) 9442 5050 or1800 653 203 (country callers)
in thedrugusetriangle can help to
• Aboriginal Alcohol and Drug Service (08) 9221 1411
minimisethepotentialrisks.

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 Drug Education
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INTRODUCTION
It has been designed to identify what
students already know about: drugs
and the effects of drug use; laws
associated with legal and illegal drugs;
the perception of possible harms
from drug use; skills and strategies to
reduce the harms of their drug use or
the harms from others drug use
including basic first aid and who to
seek help from in drug-related
situations; and their current attitudes
about drugs and drug use.

DRUG EDUCATION

How do you define Drug

In order to understand that the effects from drug use Education?
are a combination of many factors and not just the
drug itself. Why do only some people get
addicted to drugs??

Are all drugs addictive? What

Drug education is an important strategy for reducing
the extent of drug related incidents among young
people. Effective drug education programs need to
build knowledge and increase the competency of
students to act in safe ways when presented with
challenging situations.
.
makes them addictive??
Are prescription drugs safe? They
are legal and some of my friends
at school use them.
Is medical marijuana safer than
the pot that’s on the street?
What can I do to help my friend
who is addicted to drugs?

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 What is Drug
₋ Is a chemical substance that
brings about physical,
emotional or behavioral
change in a person taking it.
₋ Is any substance other than
food or water that is
intended to be taken or
administered for the
purpose of altering,
sustaining or controlling the
recipients physical, mental
or emotional well-being.

Origin of Drugs

Drug classifications are a way to organize drugs into

categories.

A. Natural

- Anything that comes from Nature (Plants)

B. Synthetic

- anything that is produced artificially or

processed in the laboratory.

• Many people classify drugs based

What is Medicine?
on the various effects they have
- any substance or substances used in treating disease or on the mind and on the body.
illness; medicament; remedy.
- the art or science of restoring or preserving health or
due physical condition, as by means of drugs, surgical
operations or appliances, or manipulations: often divided
into medicine proper, surgery, and obstetrics.
- the medical profession.

Basic difference is that medicines are non-addicting, while

drugs are addicting and would cause withdrawal effects. Most
of the medicines will not result in withdrawal symptoms
when discontinued except for the recurrence of the symptoms
of underlying disease i.e. they do not cause addiction.
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 How Are Drugs
Classified?
Drugs are categorized in a
variety of different ways. In
the pharmaceutical industry,
drugs are grouped according
to their chemical activity or
conditions that they treat.
There are many reasons to
classify drugs, ranging from
understanding the usefulness
of particular types of drugs to
formulating treatment plans
based on chemically similar
drugs.

Classification of Drugs
• Pharmacological Classifications of Drugs
1. Stimulants
- Also known as “uppers”
- Any of a group of drugs that excite the
central nervous.
Ex. Cocaine, Methamphetamine (Shabu)
2. Depressant
- Also called as “downers” or “barbs”
- Any drug or chemical that decreases the • Drug classification is important,
activity of any bodily function. The term is most often
since it gives a clear, concise
used to refer to drugs that reduce the activity of the
introduction to the reader.
central nervous system.
Ex. Sedatives, Sleeping Pills, Tranquilizers
3. Hallucinogens
- Also called as “psychedelics”
- First developed as appetite suppressant
- Any natural or synthetic psychoactive drugs
that produce marked distortion of the senses and
changes in perception
Ex. MJ, LSD, Ecstasy, Ketamine

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What is Drug Abuse
is the use of any chemical
substance, licit or illicit,
resulting to individual’s
physical, mental, or social
impairment

What is Drug Addiction

Addiction is a complex issue and
affects everyone differently. This
can depend on the type of drug
used, amount used and the length
of time the drug(s) have been used
for. Some drugs are more
physically addictive while others
are mentally or socially addictive.
Drug use can lead to tolerance
and dependence.

Drug Abuse may refer to any of the following

practices

1.Using, without benefit or prescription, useful drugs which have the capacity to
alter the mood or behavior.

2. Using drugs and substances for a purpose different from the one from which the
drug has been prescribed.

3. Using drugs and substances having no legitimate medical application or

purposes other than research.

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 Methamphetamine
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Methamphetamine or Shabu

1. Methamphetamine or “Shabu”
- remains to be the most abused drug in the country

- is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system.
Crystal methamphetamine is a form of the drug that looks like glass fragments or
shiny, bluish-white rocks. It is chemically similar to amphetamine, a drug used to treat
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, a sleep disorder.

Other common names for methamphetamine include blue, crystal, ice, meth, and
speed.

Contents:
➢ Ephedrine – (classified as Dangerous Drugs) main
ingredient of Shabu causing brain damage
➢ Toluene – chemical used for paint, adhesive, etc.
➢ Acetone – nail cleaner
➢ Lithium Batteries - cancer causing component
➢ Battery Acid – corrosive chemical
➢ Drain Cleaner – liquid soap
➢ Hydrochloric Acid (Muriatic Acid)
➢ Chloroform – cancer causing solvent

How do people use methamphetamine?

People can take methamphetamine by:

✓ smoking
✓ swallowing (pill)
✓ snorting
✓ injecting the powder that has been dissolved in
water/alcohol

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Methamphetamine or Shabu
Short-Term Effects
Taking even small amounts of methamphetamine can result in many of the
same health effects as those of other stimulants, such as cocaine or
amphetamines. These include:

➢ increased wakefulness and physical activity

➢ decreased appetite
➢ faster breathing
➢ increased blood pressure and body temperature

Long-Term Effects
Methamphetamine use has many other negative consequences, including:

➢ addiction
➢ severe dental problems ("meth mouth")
➢ intense itching, leading to skin sores from scratching
➢ anxiety
➢ changes in brain structure and function
➢ confusion
➢ memory loss
➢ sleeping problems
➢ violent behavior
➢ paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others
➢ hallucinations—sensations and images that seem real though they aren't

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Marijuana or Cannabis Sativa

- Second to the most abused drug in the country

- also called weed, herb, pot, grass, bud, ganja, Mary Jane, and a vast number of
other slang terms,

- is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried flowers of Cannabis sativa. Some people

smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints; in pipes, water pipes
(sometimes called bongs), or in blunts (marijuana rolled in cigar wraps

Cannabis contains at least 120 active

ingredients, or cannabinoids. The most
abundant ones are cannabidiol (CBD) and
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
How do people use methamphetamine?

Ways to consume Marijuana

✓ Smoking or Inhaling
✓ Ingesting
✓ Topical

Cannabis contains chemicals that can have

various effects on the human body. It is a
popular recreational drug with some
medicinal uses.

Anyone who is considering using cannabis for

any purpose should first check that it is legal
to use in their state. They should also consider
its possible effects on their mental and
physical health.

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Marijuana or Cannabis Sativa

Immediate Effects

➢ Hallucination / Illusions
➢ Faster heartbeat and pulse rate
➢ Altered sense of time / disorientation
➢ Impaired reflexes coordination and concentration
➢ Acute panic anxiety reaction
➢ Increased Appetite

Long-Term Effects

➢ Severe irritation of the nasal passages that leads to frequent

nose bleeding
➢ Renal damages, heart disease and strokes
➢ Psychiatric consequences
➢ Gateway drug that may lead to poly-drug use.

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 Ecstasy
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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or Ecstasy

- Third to the most abused drug in the country

- well known for being a “party drug,” which is commonly used in parties and nightlife, is
considered as the most expensive drug in the market.

- a synthetic drug that alters mood and perception (awareness of surrounding objects
and conditions). It is chemically similar to both stimulants and hallucinogens, producing
feelings of increased energy, pleasure, emotional warmth, and distorted sensory and
time perception.
Ecstasy is a synthetic (man-made) drug made in
a laboratory. Makers may add anything they
choose to the drug, such as caffeine,
amphetamine1 and even cocaine. Ecstasy is
illegal and has effects similar to hallucinogens
and stimulants. The pills are of different colors
and are sometimes marked with cartoon-like
images. Mixing Ecstasy with alcohol is
extremely dangerous and can be lethal.

The stimulative effects of drugs such as Ecstasy

enable the user to dance for long periods, and
when combined with the hot, crowded
conditions found at raves, can lead to extreme
dehydration and heart or kidney failure.

How can people get treatment for addiction to

MDMA?

There are no specific medical treatments for

MDMA addiction. Some people seeking
treatment for MDMA addiction have found
behavioral therapy to be helpful. Scientists need
more research to determine how effective this
treatment option is for addiction to MDMA.

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 Ecstasy
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Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or Ecstasy

Short-Term Effects

➢ Faintness
➢ chills or sweating
➢ muscle tension
➢ impaired judgment
➢ depression
➢ blurred vision
➢ sleep problems
➢ false sense of affection
➢ nausea
➢ severe anxiety
➢ drug craving
➢ involuntary teeth clenching
➢ confusion
➢ Paranoia

Long-Term Effects

➢ Prolonged use causes long-lasting and perhaps permanent damage to the brain, affecting
the person’s judgment and thinking ability.

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 Inhalants
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Other Drug of Abuse

Inhalants
-Solvents and other inhalants are also a preference and are usually abused by street
children.

-Although other substances that are misused can be inhaled, the term inhalants refers to the
various substances that people typically take only by inhaling.

- various products easily bought and found in the home or workplace—such as spray paints,
markers, glues, and cleaning fluids. They contain dangerous substances that have
psychoactive (mind-altering) properties when inhaled.

How do people use inhalants?

People who use inhalants breathe in the
fumes through their nose or mouth, usually
by sniffing, snorting, bagging, or huffing. It’s
called different names depending on the
substance and equipment they use.

How do inhalants affect the brain?

Most inhalants affect the central nervous

system and slow down brain activity. Short-
term effects are similar to alcohol and
include:

➢ slurred or distorted speech

➢ lack of coordination (control of body
movement)
➢ euphoria (feeling high)
➢ dizziness

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Inhalants
Products Used as Inhalants

Solvents
•industrial or household products, including:
• paint thinners or removers
• dry-cleaning fluids
• gasoline
• lighter fluid
•art or office supply solvents, including:
• correction fluids
• felt-tip marker fluid
• electronic contact cleaners
• Glue

Aerosols
•household aerosol items, including:
• spray paints
• hair or deodorant sprays
• aerosol computer cleaning products
• vegetable oil sprays

Gases
•found in household or commercial products, including:
• butane lighters
• propane tanks
• whipped cream aerosols or dispensers (whippets)
•used as anesthesia (to make patients lose sensation during surgery/procedures), including:
• ether
• chloroform
• nitrous oxide

Nitrites
•often sold in small brown bottles labeled as:
• video head cleaner
• room odorizer
• leather cleaner
• liquid aroma

How can people get treatment for addiction to inhalants?

Some people seeking treatment for use of inhalants have found behavioral therapy to be helpful:

Cognitive-behavioral therapy helps patients recognize, avoid, and cope with the situations in which they are most likely
to use drugs.
Motivational incentives uses vouchers or small cash rewards for positive behaviors such as staying drug-free.

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Other Drug of Abuse

Sleeping Pills (Hypnotic or Soporific Drug)
- are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and for the
treatment of insomnia (sleeplessness), or for surgical anesthesia.
- Although people successfully treat short-term insomnia with sleeping pills, many become
dependent on them.

- A lot of people don’t realize they’ve become dependent, or possibly addicted, until they
stop taking their sleeping medication. Suddenly, they begin experiencing withdrawal
symptoms, a telltale sign of both dependence and addiction.

How do people use inhalants?

People who use inhalants Other signs that
sleeping pill use has gotten out of control
include:

Having several failed attempts to quit

Getting cravings for sleeping medications
Seeing more than one doctor for prescription
refills
Continuing to take pills despite negative
consequences
Experiencing frequent memory loss from the
pills
Addiction can develop and manifest in various
behaviors, such as when an individual
increasing their dose without consulting a
physician or the appearance of consistent
cravings and desire to use their drug of choice.

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Sleeping Pills (Hypnotic or Soporific Drug)

“Treatment for a sleeping pill addiction can restore healthy sleep habits without drugs and lead
to more energy and improved concentration.”

Levels of Treatment for Sleeping Pill Addiction

A few common levels of care include:

➢ Inpatient Rehab

• People who have been taking sleeping pills in high doses over a long period of time benefit most from
inpatient rehab. Rehab removes people from an environment where sleeping pills are readily
accessible and begins the process of learning healthy sleep habits, self-care, and relaxation techniques
to manage stress and anxiety.
➢ Ongoing Recovery and Relapse Prevention

• With the use of any drug, relapse is a very real possibility. Therefore, ongoing treatment after rehab is
important because there are multiple external triggers that can spark a relapse. Stress, sleep problems
and anxiety are all common in recovery and need to be dealt with head on.
➢ Preventing Relapse Through Healthy Sleep Habits

- Maintaining good “sleep hygiene” is one of the best ways to avoid a relapse. Most people relapse
when they start having trouble sleeping again. Preventing insomnia curbs the possibility of being
tempted to take a pill to fall asleep.

Some tips for consistent, easy sleep include:

• Exercise regularly
• Go to bed at the same time
• Target the underlying cause

➢ Defeating your Addiction to Sleeping Pills

• No matter how your addiction started or where you are today, it’s never too late to get the help you
need for recovery

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Tobacco
- is a plant grown for its leaves, which are dried and fermented before being put in tobacco
products.

- Tobacco contains nicotine, an ingredient that can lead to addiction, which is why so many
people who use tobacco find it difficult to quit.

- There are also many other potentially harmful chemicals found in tobacco or created by
burning it.

Harmful Chemicals in Tobacco

Tobacco smoke is made up of thousands of chemicals,

including at least 70 known to cause cancer. These cancer-
causing chemicals are referred to as carcinogens.

Some of the chemicals found in tobacco smoke include:·

• Nicotine (the addictive drug that produces the effect

people are looking for and one of the harshest
chemicals in tobacco smoke)
• Tar (substance left behind on the filter by tobacco
smoke, known to be strong associated with cancer and
aggravates bronchial and other respiratory diseases.)
• Hydrogen cyanide
• Formaldehyde
• Lead
• Arsenic
• Ammonia
• Radioactive elements, such as uranium (see below)
• Benzene
• Carbon monoxide
• Nitrosamines
• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

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How do people use tobacco?

• People can smoke, chew, or sniff tobacco. Smoked tobacco products include cigarettes, cigars, bidis, and
kreteks.

• Some people also smoke loose tobacco in a pipe or hookah (water pipe). Chewed tobacco products
include chewing tobacco, snuff, dip, and snus; snuff can also be sniffed.

How does tobacco use lead to addiction?

For many who use tobacco, long-term brain changes brought on by continued nicotine exposure result in
addiction. When a person tries to quit, he or she may have withdrawal symptoms, including:

• irritability
• problems paying attention
• trouble sleeping
• increased appetite
• powerful cravings for tobacco

How can people get treatment for nicotine addiction?

Both behavioral treatments and medications can help people quit smoking, but the combination of
medication with counseling is more effective than either alone.

✓ Behavioral Treatments
use a variety of methods to help people quit smoking, ranging from self-help materials to
counseling. These treatments teach people to recognize high-risk situations and develop strategies to deal
with them. For example, people who hang out with others who smoke are more likely to smoke and less
likely to quit.

✓ Nicotine Replacement Therapies

(NRTs) were the first medications the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for
use in smoking cessation therapy.
- Current FDA-approved NRT products include chewing gum, transdermal patch, nasal
sprays, inhalers, and lozenges. NRTs deliver a controlled dose of nicotine to relieve withdrawal symptoms
while the person tries to quit.

✓ Other Medications
Bupropion (Zyban®) and varenicline (Chantix®) are two FDA-approved non-nicotine
medications that have helped people quit smoking. They target nicotine receptors in the brain, easing
withdrawal symptoms and blocking the effects of nicotine if people start smoking again.

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Immediate Effects

✓ Smelly breath, hair and clothes

✓ Stained teeth and fingers

✓ Increase hearth rate and blood pressure
✓ Reduced blood supply to extremities (hands and feet because the blood vessel are constricted)
✓ Stimulated central nervous system
✓ Smoking exposes “the smokers” and others to health risks

Long-Term Effects

✓ Sickness
✓ Heart Attack
✓ Cancer
✓ Bronchitis and Emphysema
✓ Ulcers
✓ Infertility

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Alcohol
- is a legal, controlled substance that lowers anxiety and inhibitions.

-It also has a broad range of side effects, from loss of coordination to slurred speech. Not everyone
who drinks is an alcoholic, but anyone whose life is negatively affected by alcohol on a consistent
basis is considered to have an alcohol use disorder.
Alcohol is commonly consumed as a drink in various forms, including beer, wine and hard liquor.

Chemical structure of alcohol

Alcohols are organic molecules assembled from carbon (C), oxygen

(O), and hydrogen (H) atoms. When 2 carbons are present, the alcohol
is called ethanol (also known as ethyl alcohol).
• Ethanol is the form of alcohol contained in beverages including
beer, wine, and liquor.

How is Alcohol Absorbed into the Body?

Ethanol is absorbed through the GI tract
• When alcohol is consumed, it enters the stomach, where it
can be absorbed into the bloodstream. However, if no food
is present, most of the alcohol moves down into the small
intestine where there is a much larger surface area for
absorption compared to the stomach. The cells that line the
stomach and small intestine (part of the gastrointestinal or
GI tract) are called epithelial cells. These cells are perfect
for absorption because they have finger-like projections
protruding into the GI lumen, which tremendously
increases the surface area for absorption of nutrients and
other molecules through the membranes.
• If one drinks alcohol with food in the stomach, the pyloric
sphincter separating the stomach from the small intestine
closes to allow the food to be digested by stomach acid.
Since the alcohol can’t move into the small intestine
immediately, this slows the absorption of alcohol into the
bloodstream considerably. In fact, a fatty meal can reduce
the peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) up to 50%
relative to that produced when alcohol is consumed on an
empty stomach.

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Immediate Effects of Alcohol

Alcohol is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, so it slows down mental and bodily processes.
With the first drink of alcohol, users may experience a decrease in feelings of anxiety or stress. It is
commonly touted as a social lubricant, meaning drinkers are more likely to feel confidence in meeting
new people and less concerned with how they are perceived by others.
Because alcohol is legal and widely accepted in society, it can be hard to tell the difference between
casual use and abuse. In general, any usage of alcohol that results in negative consequences is
considered abuse. Some of the negative consequences of alcohol use include:

• Physical harm or illness

• Strained relationships
• Problems at work
• Financial difficulty

When abuse becomes more frequent, it can escalate into an addiction.

Addiction to Alcohol
Alcohol addiction, also known as alcoholism, is marked by a craving for alcohol and the inability to stop
drinking—even when it causes extreme personal or social harm. Signs of an alcohol addiction include
frequently drinking more than intended, wanting to stop drinking but being unable to, developing a
tolerance to alcohol, feeling symptoms of withdrawal when stopping, letting personal and professional
responsibilities flounder in favor of drinking and spending an extreme amount of time trying to get and
drink alcohol.

Beer Addiction and Abuse

Beer is an alcoholic drink typically made from water, barley, hops and yeast. Compared
to wine or hard liquor, beer usually has the lowest alcohol content by volume (ABV). Beer’s ABV
ranges from about 2 to 12 percent, with the most consumed beers (Budweiser, Coors Light, Miller Lite,
Corona, Busch, etc.) falling in the 4 to 6 percent range. For most people, it takes 3 to 5 beers to be
over the legal driving limit.

Wine Addiction and Abuse

Wine is made from fermented grapes or other fruits, such as pomegranates or berries. It
is most sold as white or red with a variety of flavor profiles. Chardonnay, pinot grigio, riesling and
moscato are examples of white wines while merlot, cabernet, pinot noir and zinfandel are reds.
Varieties are based on grape type.

Liquor Addiction and Abuse

Liquor is the umbrella term for hard alcoholic drinks or spirits like tequila, vodka, gin, rum and whiskey.
Liquor has a much higher ABV than beer or wine and is often mixed with sodas, juices or water. The
average size of a liquor pour is 1.5 oz. When not mixed into drinks, liquor is consumed as a shot or
“neat.” Carbonation speeds up the absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream, so drinking liquor mixed
with soda can cause quicker intoxication. The lower liquid content of shots make them easier to
consume, leading to a higher risk of abuse and subsequent drunkenness.

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 Over-the-Counter Drugs
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Over-the-Counter Drugs
- Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are those available without a prescription. OTC drugs enable people to
relieve many annoying symptoms and to cure some diseases simply and without the cost of seeing a
doctor. However, safe use of these drugs requires knowledge, common sense, and responsibility.

- OTC drugs are typically safe if used at recommended doses. Like illegal and prescription drugs, they can
also be abused. Although less potent than other substances, OTC drugs still pose a risk for developing an
addiction.

OTC Drug Addiction Some commonly abused OTC medications

Recreational OTC drug use can also change the brain’s
chemistry over time. Eventually the user builds a
tolerance to the drugs, needing more of the substance to
get the previous effects. Those addicted to OTC drugs
maybe also develop withdrawal symptoms when they
stop using.
Common symptoms of OTC drug withdrawal include:
• Confusion
• Irritability
• Agitation
• Anxiety
• Mood changes
Learning to spot an OTC drug addiction can be difficult.
OTC drugs like Tylenol and various cough medicines
don’t carry the same dangerous image as illicit drugs like
heroin. People don’t always see them as addictive, so
many loved ones of people addicted to OTC drugs don’t
know to look for signs of a growing problem.
include:
• Cough medicines (Dextromethorphan,
or DXM)
• Cold medicines (Pseudoephedrine)
• Motion sickness pills (Dimenhydrinate)
OTC Drug Abuse
OTC drugs have various medical uses and
effects, treating mild pain to motion sickness.
Some abuse OTC drugs to self-medicate for
mental illnesses like anxiety and depression.
Abusing these medications can also give users
a euphoric “high” or hallucinations. Any use
outside of what’s recommended is considered
abuse.

Some of the signs of an OTC drug addiction include

continuing to use the drugs despite known consequences
and spending an excessive amount of time or money
using or getting them. There are 11 key criteria to
diagnose an addiction to any drug.

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 Drug Education
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•Help seeking for drug related situations

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 Drug Education
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The Dangerous Drugs Board
is a government agency
• Strategies
tasked in creating policies in
dealing with illegal drugs in
the Philippines.
The DDB was mandated to be
the policy-making and
coordinating agency as well as
the national clearing house on
all matters pertaining to law
enforcement and control of
dangerous drugs; treatment
and rehabilitation of drug
dependents; drug abuse
prevention, training and
information; research and
statistics on the drug problem
and the training of personnel
engaged in these activities.
- The drug issue is undoubtedly a public health
challenge that must be prioritized because it
creates complex health and social problems.
The Anti-Drug Strategy
Drug supply reduction efforts involving aggressive
law enforcement and prosecution with strong
adherence to the rule of law and observance of
human rights, coupled with comprehensive demand
reduction initiatives and supported by strong
international ties.
Components of the Anti-Drug Strategy
❖ Drug Supply Reduction
Take away drugs from the public through
market denial operations and prevention of diversion
from the licit to illicit market; and reduce the
proliferation of illegal drugs through sustainable
alternative development programs.
❖ Drug Demand Reduction
Take people away from the lure of drug
abuse through policy formulation, preventive
education, research, treatment, rehabilitation and
reintegration; provision of alternative development
programs and forging cooperation with regional and
international agencies and counterparts.
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 Drug Education
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The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency
(PDEA/Ahensiya ng Pilipinas sa Pagpapatupad
ng Batas Laban sa Bawal na Gamot)
is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency,
responsible for preventing, investigating and
combating any dangerous drugs, controlled
precursors and essential chemicals within the
Philippines. The agency is tasked with the
enforcement of the penal and regulatory
provisions of Republic Act No. 9165 (R.A.
9165), otherwise known as the
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002.
PDEA is the implementing arm of the
Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB). The DDB is the
policy-making and strategy-formulating body
in the planning and formulation of policies and
programs on drug prevention and control.
PDEA and DDB are both under the supervision
of the Office of the President of the
Philippines.
Act of 2002, or Republic Act 9165.
➢ Enacted into law by the 12th Congress in June 2002,
RA 9165 mandates the government to “pursue an
intensive and unrelenting campaign against the
trafficking and use of dangerous drugs and other
similar substances.”
Republic Act 9165
In searching for ways and means whereby the drug war can
be reset and saved, it makes sense to return to the core
provisions of the enabling act and study the law and its
history. The answer may not lie in writing a new law
altogether, but in reinventing or amending the old and
existing one.
The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 is a
consolidation of Senate Bill 1858 and House Bill 4433. It
was enacted and passed by the Senate and the House of
Representatives on May 30, 2002, and May 29, 2002,
respectively. It was signed into law by President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo in June 2002.
RA 9165 repealed RA 6425, or the Dangerous Drugs Act
of 1972. The law mandates the Dangerous Drugs Board
(DDB) to be the policy- and strategy-making body that
plans and formulates programs on drug prevention and
control.
Article 9, Section 77 of the law states that the DDB “shall
develop and adopt a comprehensive, integrated, unified
and balanced national drug abuse prevention and control
strategy. It shall be under the Office of the President.”
The law also created the Philippine Drug Enforcement
Agency (PDEA) under the Office of the President. It
serves as the implementing arm of the DDB; it is
responsible for the efficient and effective law enforcement
of all the provisions on any dangerous drugs, controlled
precursors and essential chemicals as provided in the Act.
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 • Activity: Normative education around drug use
• Learning intention
• Students explore drug use statistics for Western Australian secondary students
• Students identify reliable sources of information about drug use
• Students explore types of drugs and the associated harms from use of drugs

Activities
1. Ask students to form small groups. Have each group write the drug that they
think should be written next to each heading on Alcohol and other drugs. Point
out that the drug names can be used more than once. Allow time for groups to
complete the task then listen to responses.

Drugs that are legal

Drugs that are illegal
Legal drugs that are illegal to sell to
people under 18 years old

Drugs that can be used as a medicine

Drugs that can cause harm

Drugs that cannot cause harm

The Top 3 drugs that cause the

most drug related cases in our
community
Drugs that are psychoactive
drugs
Drugs that are depressants
Drugs that are stimulants
Drugs that are hallucinogens

Drugs that are multi-action

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 ASSESSMENT TASK

Activity learning REFLECTION PAPER

Student Name:__________________SECTION: _____ Date:________TEAM:

REFLECTION ABOUT: Drug education period:MIDterm

SUMMARY
____________________________________ KEY THINGS I LEARNED:
____________________________________
1.)
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________ 2.)
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________ 3.)
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________ 4.)
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________ 5.)
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________________

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Drug Education: True OR False
Write True if the statement is correct, write False and the Correct Word(s) if the statement
is incorrect.

________1. A drug is any substance (except for food and water) which, when taken into the body,
alters the body’s function either physically and/or psychologically.

________2. Drugs may be legal (e.g. cannabis, ecstasy, cocaine and heroin) or illegal (e.g. alcohol,
caffeine and tobacco).

________3. Drug use can also lead to social and emotional problems and negative effects on
relationships with family and friends.

________4. Ice and Methamphetamine are different names for the exact same drug.

_______5. REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9163 is the policy of the State to safeguard the integrity of its
territory and the well-being of its citizenry particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of
dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being.

_______6. Dangerous Drugs Board is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency, responsible for
preventing, investigating and combating any dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential
chemicals within the Philippines.

_______7. Depressants: Drugs that decrease alertness by slowing down the activity of the central
nervous system (e.g. heroin, alcohol and analgesics).

_______8. Hallucinogens: Drugs that increase the body's state of arousal by increasing the activity
of the brain (e.g. caffeine, nicotine and amphetamines).

_______9. Stimulants: Drugs that alter perception and can cause hallucinations, such as seeing or
hearing something that is not there (e.g. LSD and 'magic mushrooms’).

_______10. Drug Addiction is the use of any chemical substance, licit or illicit, resulting to
individual’s physical, mental, or social impairment.

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 SUMMARY

• Drug education is an important strategy for reducing the extent of drug related incidents among young people. Effective drug
education programs need to build knowledge and increase the competency of students to act in safe ways when presented with
challenging situations.

• Effective Drug Education is important because young people are faced with many influences to use both licit and illicit drugs.
Education can play a counterbalancing role in shaping a normative culture of safety, moderation, and informed decision making.

• Origin of Drugs – 1. Natural 2. Synthetic

• Pharmacological Classification of Drugs - 1. Stimulants 2. Depressant 3. Hallucinogens

• Medicine - any substance or substances used in treating disease or illness; medicament; remedy.

• Drug Abuse is the use of any chemical substance, licit or illicit, resulting to individual’s physical, mental, or social impairment

• Drug Addiction is a complex issue and affects everyone differently. This can depend on the type of drug used, amount used and
the length of time the drug(s) have been used for. Some drugs are more physically addictive while others are mentally or socially
addictive. Drug use can lead to tolerance and dependence.

• Drug of Abuse - a drug that is taken for nonmedicinal reasons (usually for mind-altering effects); drug abuse can lead to physical
and mental damage and (with some substances) dependence and addiction

• Top 3 Most Used and Valuable Illegal Drugs in the Philippines – 1. Methamphetamine or Shabu 2. Marijuana or Cannabis Sativa
3. Ecstasy

• Methamphetamine or Shabu is a powerful, highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. Crystal
methamphetamine is a form of the drug that looks like glass fragments or shiny, bluish-white rocks. It is chemically similar to
amphetamine, a drug used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy, a sleep disorder.

• Marijuana or Cannabis Sativa is a greenish-gray mixture of the dried flowers of Cannabis sativa. Some people smoke marijuana
in hand-rolled cigarettes called joints; in pipes, water pipes (sometimes called bongs), or in blunts (marijuana rolled in cigar wraps

• Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) or Ecstasy - well known for being a “party drug,” which is commonly used in
parties and nightlife, is considered as the most expensive drug in the market.

• Inhalants - Solvents and other inhalants are also a preference and are usually abused by street children.

• Sleeping Pills are a class of psychoactive drugs whose primary function is to induce sleep and for the treatment of insomnia
(sleeplessness), or for surgical anesthesia

• Tobacco is a plant grown for its leaves, which are dried and fermented before being put in tobacco products.

• Alcohol is a legal, controlled substance that lowers anxiety and inhibitions.

• Over-the-counter (OTC) Drugs are those available without a prescription. OTC drugs enable people to relieve many annoying
symptoms and to cure some diseases simply and without the cost of seeing a doctor

• The Dangerous Drugs Board is a government agency tasked in creating policies in dealing with illegal drugs in the Philippines.

• The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency is the lead anti-drug law enforcement agency, responsible for preventing, investigating
and combating any dangerous drugs, controlled precursors and essential chemicals within the Philippines.

• The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002, or Republic Act 9165 - Enacted into law by the 12th Congress in June 2002,
RA 9165 mandates the government to “pursue an intensive and unrelenting campaign against the trafficking and use of
dangerous drugs and other similar substances.”

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 SUMMARY

• Engaging students in drug education activities assists them to make healthy and safe
choices, identify risky situations, and develop strategies to prepare them for challenging
situations.

• Effective Drug Education Program:

• increase student’s knowledge, social and life skills, and refusal skills towards licit and illicit
drug use
• include content relevant to young people’s experiences and interests
• contain highly interactive pedagogies that engage students in problem solving and critical
thinking
• commence activities prior to initial experimentation and continue as young people mature
• provide significant coverage of relevant issues complimented by follow up booster sessions
• position drug education within a broader health and personal learning curriculum that
focuses, amongst other things, on mental health issues such as stress and coping
• respond to cultural and social needs of the school community
• engage parents where possible.
• Drugs Classification. Drugs are categorized in a variety of different ways. In the
pharmaceutical industry, drugs are grouped according to their chemical activity or
conditions that they treat. There are many reasons to classify drugs, ranging from
understanding the usefulness of particular types of drugs to formulating treatment plans
based on chemically similar drugs.

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• Drugs

• Origin of Drugs

• Legal and Illegal Drugs

• Medicine and Basic difference

• Classification of Drugs

• Depressants

• Stimulants

• Hallucinogens

• Drug Abuse

• Drug Addiction

• Causes and Effects of drug abuse and Addiction

• Methamphetamine or Shabu

• Marijuana or Cannabis Sativa

• Ecstasy

• Over-the-counter Drugs

• Help Seeking

• Dangerous Drug Board

• PDEA

• RA 9165

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Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug
The Philippine Drug Situation – PDEA -
https://pdea.gov.ph/images/AnnualReport/2012AR/2012PhilippineDrugSituation.pdf
Drug dependence, treatment and care – United Nations - https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/treatment-
and-care/index.html
The Classifications of Drugs - https://discovery1234.wpengine.com/addiction-blog/
Drugs and Alcohol Abuse – National Council of Educational Research and Training -
https://www.pmfias.com/drugs-and-alcohol-abuse-substance-abuse-ncert/
Drug Abuse Symptoms, Facts, and Statistics – Rehabs.com - https://luxury.rehabs.com/drug-abuse/
What Are Drug Classifications? - https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/drug-classifications/
School-based Education for Drug Abuse Prevention - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime -
https://www.unodc.org/pdf/youthnet/handbook_school_english.pdf
Everything you need to know about cannabis - https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/246392
Methamphetamine DrugFacts - https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine
Marijuana Research Report - https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/research-
reports/marijuana/what-are-marijuana-effects
The Truth About Drugs - Foundation for a Drug-Free World International -
https://www.drugfreeworld.org/drugfacts/drugs/ecstasy.html
Inhalants Drug Facts - https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/inhalants
Sleeping Pill Addiction Treatment - https://www.addictioncenter.com/sleeping-pills/treatment/
Drugs, Brains, and Behavior: The Science of Addiction - https://www.drugabuse.gov/
Harmful chemicals in Tobacco Products - https://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancer-causes/tobacco-
and-cancer/carcinogens-found-in-tobacco-products.html
The Alcohol Pharmacology Education - https://sites.duke.edu/apep/module-1-gender-
matters/content/content-how-is-alcohol-absorbed-into-the-body/
https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/over-the-counter-drugs/
Philippine Anti-Illegal Drugs Strategy - Dangerous Drugs Board -
https://www.ddb.gov.ph/images/downloads/Revised_PADS_as_of_Nov_9_2018.pdf
Facts About Drugs – PDEA - https://pdea.gov.ph/drug-trends/facts-about-drugs
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165 “The Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002” -
https://pdea.gov.ph/images/Laws/IRROFRA9165.pdf
Drug war is the hammer of Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act -
https://www.manilatimes.net/opinion/columnists/topanalysis/
Guidance for Community-Based Treatment and Care Services for People Affected by Drug Use and
Dependence in the Philippines -
https://www.unodc.org/documents/southeastasiaandpacific/Publications/2016/CBT_Guidance_Doc_
Philippines_5_May_2016_low.pdf

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