PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO.

1096
SUMMARY

CHAPTER I
General Provisions

Establishes the legal framework for regulating construction and structures. Titled "General
Provisions," it emphasizes the state's commitment to safeguarding life, health, property, and
public welfare through sound environmental management. The Code sets minimum standards
for the design, construction, use, and maintenance of public and private buildings, excluding
traditional indigenous family dwellings. It also outlines general requirements for safe
construction, environmental safeguards for manufacturing structures, and maintenance of
buildings and facilities. The chapter defines key terms crucial for interpreting the Code's
provisions, ensuring clarity in its application. Overall, Chapter I lays the foundation for a
comprehensive regulatory framework governing the built environment in the Philippines.

CHAPTER II
Administration and Enforcement

Establishes the framework for the administration and enforcement of its provisions. The
Secretary of Public Works, Transportation, and Communications is granted the responsibility for
this, along with the authority to form a professional staff. The Secretary is empowered to
formulate policies, issue regulations, and evaluate changes to existing codes. The chapter
outlines the collection of fees by Building Officials, with exemptions for public buildings and
certain indigenous family dwellings. It also authorizes the Secretary to use a portion of collected
fees for necessary expenses. The Secretary is further tasked with formulating rules and
regulations, imposing fines for violations, and prescribing the use of income from fees. The
chapter concludes with provisions on the qualifications and duties of Building Officials, penalties
for violations, and measures for dangerous buildings, providing a comprehensive overview of
the administrative and enforcement aspects of the code.

CHAPTER III
Permits and Inspection

Focuses on permits and inspection procedures. It mandates that no construction, alteration, or

demolition of a building can occur without obtaining a building permit from the designated
Building Official. The application process involves submitting detailed information, including
plans and specifications, to ensure compliance with zoning, structural, and environmental
standards. The Building Official oversees the processing of permits, and once satisfied, issues
permits within fifteen days of fee payment. The chapter emphasizes the importance of approved
plans, and any changes must be approved. Building permits expire if construction doesn't
commence within a year or is abandoned for 120 days. The Building Official has the authority to
withhold, suspend, or revoke permits for various reasons, with an appeal process available to
applicants. Additionally, the chapter outlines the role of licensed architects or civil engineers in
inspecting and supervising construction work, emphasizing the submission of a logbook and a
Certificate of Completion. Finally, it introduces the Certificate of Occupancy, which is required
before a building can be occupied, with provisions for its issuance, display, and potential
suspension or revocation.

CHAPTER IV
Types of Construction

Outlines the classification of buildings based on construction types. These include Type I (wood
construction), Type II (wood with fire-resistant materials), Type III (masonry and wood), Type IV
(steel, iron, concrete, or masonry), and Type V (fire-resistive). Changes in construction types
must comply with the corresponding requirements unless approved by the Building Official for
reduced hazards. The Secretary is authorized to establish standards for each type, covering
structural elements, walls, floors, exits, stairs, and roofs, ensuring adherence to safety
regulations and fire resistance

CHAPTER V
Requirements for Fire Zones

Addresses the requirements for fire zones, designating specific areas where only certain types
of buildings are permitted based on their use, construction type, and fire resistance. In cases
where a building spans multiple fire zones, the more restrictive zone applies if more than
one-third of its total floor area is in that zone. Moved buildings must comply with the
requirements of the new fire zone, and temporary structures may be permitted under special
conditions. Existing buildings in fire zones that don't meet new construction standards can only
be demolished, moved to a less restrictive zone, or undergo limited changes with specific
conditions. The Secretary is empowered to establish zone-specific restrictions, with cities and
municipalities dividing areas based on local planning and development plans.

CHAPTER VI
Fire-resistive Requirements in Construction

Outlines regulations related to fire-resistive features in construction. It introduces the concept of

fire-resistive time period ratings, ranging from one to four hours, indicating the duration a
material can withstand burning. The Secretary is tasked with classifying materials based on their
fire-retardant or flame-spread ratings using accepted testing methods. Additionally, the chapter
empowers the Secretary to establish standards and regulations for various aspects, including
testing construction materials, fire tests for building components, installation of fire doors and
windows, application of controlled interior finish, protection for structural members, walls,
partitions, floor or roof ceiling, assemblies for openings, and fire-retardant roof coverings. These
measures contribute to enhancing the fire safety of buildings and structures.
 CHAPTER VII
Classification and General Requirement of All Building by use of Occupancy

Establishes the classification and general requirements for buildings based on their use or
occupancy. It categorizes buildings into groups such as residential, hotels, education, industrial,
and assembly, each with specific subtypes. The chapter outlines detailed requirements for each
occupancy group, addressing issues like allowable floor areas, occupancy separation,
fire-resistive standards, and the location of properties. Additionally, it covers regulations for
changes in use, mixed occupancies, and fire-resistive occupancy separations. The chapter also
includes provisions for maximum building height, minimum requirements for Group A dwellings,
and outlines the Secretary's authority to set standards for various occupancy groups.

CHAPTER VIII
Light and Ventilation

Focuses on light and ventilation requirements for buildings. It emphasizes the necessity of
providing adequate light and ventilation in every building, following the provisions of the Civil
Code of the Philippines regarding light and view. The chapter covers general requirements,
such as facing a street or public alley and not altering buildings to reduce room sizes or window
areas. Specific regulations are outlined for measuring site occupancy, maximum site occupancy,
size and dimensions of courts, ceiling heights, and room sizes. Additionally, provisions for
window openings, vent shafts, skylights, and artificial ventilation are detailed to ensure proper
air circulation in various types of rooms and spaces.

CHAPTER IX
Sanitation

Addresses sanitation requirements for buildings, emphasizing the importance of ensuring a

healthy environment for human habitation. It covers various aspects, including adequate and
potable water supply, plumbing installations, wastewater disposal systems, storm drainage, pest
and vermin control, and noise pollution control. The chapter specifies that potable water should
be supplied from existing municipal systems or other approved sources, while wastewater
disposal can be through municipal sewers or on-site systems like septic tanks. It also highlights
the need for proper storm drainage, rat-proofing for buildings with hollow or wood construction,
and measures to control noise pollution in industrial establishments. Additionally, the chapter
emphasizes the use of pipe materials that conform to the Standard Specifications of the
Philippine Standard Council.

CHAPTER X
Building Projection over Public Street

Focuses on the regulations regarding the projection of buildings and structures over public
streets. It specifies that no part of a building should project beyond the property line, except as
outlined in the code. The chapter details limitations on projections into alleys, streets, national
roads, or public highways. It covers aspects like balconies, arcades, canopies, and movable
awnings, providing criteria for their construction, clearance, and location. Additionally, it
addresses the requirements for doors, windows, and corner buildings with chamfers,
emphasizing considerations for public safety, aesthetics, and adherence to existing building and
zoning regulations.

CHAPTER XI
Protection of Pedestrians During Construction or Demolition

Chapter XI of the building code addresses the protection of pedestrians during construction or
demolition activities. It emphasizes regulations to ensure public safety, requiring proper
authorization for the use of public spaces during building work. The chapter outlines guidelines
for storage, material mixing, and protection of utilities on public property. It mandates the
provision of temporary walkways, capable of supporting specified loads, when sidewalks are
fenced or closed. Pedestrian protection measures, including railings, fences, and canopies, are
detailed with structural requirements. The chapter emphasizes the maintenance and timely
removal of protective devices and outlines specific conditions and approvals needed for
demolition work to commence, ensuring a systematic and safe approach to construction and
demolition activities in urban areas.

CHAPTER XII
General Design and Construction Requirements

Focuses on "Light and Ventilation." It outlines specific guidelines and standards related to
ensuring adequate lighting and ventilation in buildings to promote occupant health, safety, and
well-being. The chapter provides detailed requirements for natural and artificial lighting, as well
as ventilation systems, with the aim of creating habitable and comfortable living or working
spaces. Compliance with these provisions contributes to the overall quality and sustainability of
construction projects, aligning with the broader goals of the National Building Code in fostering
safe and efficient urban development across the Philippines.

CHAPTER XIII
Electrical and Mechanical Regulations

Addresses Electrical and Mechanical Regulations in the context of building construction and
design. The chapter underscores the importance of adherence to established standards for
electrical and mechanical systems, equipment, and installations. It mandates compliance with
the Philippine Electrical Code, as sanctioned by the Board of Electrical Engineering in
accordance with Republic Act No. 184, commonly known as the Electrical Engineering Law.
Similarly, the chapter requires conformity to the provisions of the Philippine Mechanical
Engineering Code, adopted by the Board of Mechanical Engineering under Commonwealth Act
No. 294, as amended by the Mechanical Engineering Law. These regulations aim to ensure the
safety, efficiency, and reliability of electrical and mechanical components within buildings,
contributing to the overall integrity and functionality of constructed spaces.
 CHAPTER XIV
Photographic and X-ray Films

Addresses regulations pertaining to the storage and handling of photographic and X-ray films in
building structures. The chapter emphasizes safety measures, requiring storage rooms for
unexposed films to be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems in specific cases. It
outlines guidelines for the handling and storage of film negatives, specifying the use of heavy
manila envelopes and insulated vented cabinets. Additionally, the chapter details restrictions on
lighting, proximity to heat sources, and mandates first aid provisions. Exemptions are provided
for certain classes of film, including those for amateur use, safety film, dental X-ray film, and
films used in standard motion picture booths. Overall, the chapter aims to ensure secure and
standardized practices for the storage and handling of photographic and X-ray films within
building premises.

CHAPTER XV
Pre-fabricated Construction

Addresses pre-fabricated construction, defining it as a structural unit with integral parts

assembled before incorporation into a building. The chapter empowers the Secretary to
prescribe tests ensuring structural adequacy, durability, soundness, and resistance to weather
and fire for these assemblies. It emphasizes the need for connectors capable of developing the
strength of different members as an integral structure, with anchorages and connections
designed to withstand external and internal forces. Inspection requirements are outlined to
ensure compliance with the code. Overall, the chapter establishes standards to guarantee the
quality and safety of pre-fabricated construction in building structures.

CHAPTER XVI
Plastics

Outlines regulations regarding the use of plastics in building construction. It specifies criteria for
approved plastics, including flame-spread rating, smoke density, and toxicity during combustion.
The chapter addresses structural requirements for plastic materials, emphasizing strength and
durability. It provides guidelines for the installation of plastics in doors, skylights, monitors,
sawtooth roofs, light-transmitting panels, ceilings, partitions, and exterior veneer. Restrictions on
height, area, and separation for plastic veneer are detailed. Additionally, the chapter covers the
use of plastics in awnings and canopies. Overall, the chapter aims to ensure the safe and
appropriate integration of plastics in various elements of building design and construction.
 CHAPTER XVII
Sheet Metal Paint Spray Booths

Outlines regulations for sheet metal paint spray booths in building construction. These booths,
constructed with steel of a specified gauge, must adhere to design standards outlined in the
code. The area of a paint spray booth is limited, and the floor construction must be
incombustible. Interior surfaces should facilitate the free passage of exhaust air and have a
smooth, continuous finish. Fire protection measures include the installation of a fire curtain or
metal deflector for booths with open front elevations larger than 1.00 square meter. Illumination
is mandated through hammered wire or heat-treated glass panels to reduce the risk of ignition.
Mechanical ventilation is required to move air through the paint spray area at a specified rate,
with exhaust ducts constructed from steel and positioned a certain distance from combustible
materials. Overall, the chapter focuses on ensuring safety and proper construction practices for
sheet metal paint spray booths in buildings.

CHAPTER XVIII
Glass and Glazing

Addresses regulations for glass and glazing in building construction, primarily focusing on
exterior glass and glazing. Applicable to various occupancies, the chapter outlines general
requirements for materials, including dimensional tolerances and safety factors set by the
Secretary. Glass must bear manufacturer labels specifying type and thickness, with additional
identification for special characteristics. The area limitation for exterior glass considers wind
pressures for different height zones above ground. The glazing of glass firmly supported on all
four edges is governed by specific laps and edge clearance requirements. Louvered windows
with regular plate, sheet, or patterned glass have minimum thickness specifications. Impact
requirements are outlined for frameless glass doors, glass in doors, and similar openings
subject to accidental human impact, with exceptions for specific cases such as bathtub
enclosures and small glass lights. Overall, the chapter ensures standardized practices to
enhance the safety and structural integrity of glass installations in buildings.

CHAPTER XIX
The Use of Computers

Addresses the use of computers in the design of buildings. The general rule permits the use of
computers, provided that all programs used are documented. Program documentation involves
filing references to publications that detail the program or provide a brief statement on the
theoretical background and algorithms used. Additionally, the chapter requires the submission of
computer-generated computation output sheets as part of the design documentation. These
sheets must be certified by a designer or consultant, confirming that they are the results
obtained through the use of documented programs, and identifying the specific program used
for each portion of the computations. The chapter aims to ensure transparency and
accountability in utilizing computer technology for building design under the prescribed code.
 CHAPTER XX
Signs

Pertaiins to regulations for signs in building construction. The general requirements emphasize
that signs should not obstruct traffic signs or views, distract from the landscape, or pose
hazards. Maintenance guidelines mandate the upkeep and proper painting of signs. Design and
construction standards specify that sign structures must resist all forces according to the
National Structural Code for Buildings. Supports and anchorages should be on private property
and comply with the code. Materials for signs vary based on their location, with restrictions on
combustible materials in highly restrictive Fire Zones. Projections and clearances are outlined to
prevent interference with power lines, fire escapes, exits, or openings. Restrictions on sign
projections into public alleys are defined. Lighting for signs is limited to electrical means in
accordance with the Philippine Electrical Code. Overall, the chapter aims to ensure the safe and
aesthetic integration of signs in the built environment.

CHAPTER XXI
Transitory and Final Provisions

Outlines key points for the transition and implementation of the new building code. It
emphasizes the respect and recognition of buildings or structures constructed under previous
regulations, provided they were legally done. However, any alterations, additions, conversions,
or repairs to these existing structures must adhere to the provisions of the new code. The
chapter acknowledges the continuity of interim rules and regulations on buildings established by
the Secretary before the adoption of this code, as long as they do not conflict with its provisions.
The separability clause ensures that if any part of the decree is deemed unconstitutional, it will
not affect the validity of the other provisions. The repealing clause nullifies any laws, decrees,
ordinances, or regulations that contradict the provisions of this decree. The decree becomes
effective upon its promulgation on February 19, 1977. Overall, the chapter provides a framework
for the transition to and implementation of the new building code while addressing existing
structures and regulations.

"ANNEX A"
Words, Terms and Phrases

Provides the National Building Code's Fire Code of the Philippines, detailing comprehensive
regulations for fire safety and prevention in buildings. It covers various aspects, including
construction materials, occupancy classifications, fire resistance, and safety measures such as
fire exits, alarms, and extinguishing systems. The annex establishes stringent standards to
enhance fire prevention, containment, and evacuation procedures, aiming to safeguard lives
and property within the built environment.
 "ANNEX B"

Specific tables are provided to regulate the dimensions of wooden posts or suportales based on
building type and height. For instance, the size of posts for different 1-storey sheds or houses is
stipulated, ensuring structural integrity. Additionally, the decree outlines projections of balconies
and appendages concerning the width of streets. The required protection for pedestrians,
considering construction height and distance, is detailed in another table. The use of logs or tree
suportales is permitted in traditional constructions, provided they meet specified size and
spacing criteria to bear equivalent vertical loading. Overall, ANNEX "B" establishes precise
standards for structural elements and projections, promoting safety and uniformity in building
construction.