Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Lesson 1: The National Building Code of the Philippines
Learning Outcomes: The National Building Code is a set of
At the end of the lesson, you are rules and regulations pertaining to the
expected to: construction of all residential projects
1. know some important provisions and buildings here in the Philippines.
of the code; and Building codes are intended to further
2. apply the code to building design secure safety, welfare and health of the
residents of a building.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 101. Title. This Decree shall be known as the "National Building Code of the
Philippines" and shall hereinafter be referred to as the "Code".
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Code shall not be affected thereby except when alterations, additions, conversions or
repairs are to be made therein in which case, this Code maintenance.
Section 103. Scope and Application. (a) The provisions of this Code shall apply to
the design, location, sitting, construction, alteration, repair, conversion, use,
occupancy, maintenance, moving, demolition of, and addition to public and private
buildings and structures, except traditional indigenous family dwellings as defined
herein. (b) Building and/or structures constructed before shall apply only to portions
to be altered, added, converted or repaired.
Section 105.Site Requirements. The land or site upon which will be constructed any
building or structure, or any ancillary or auxiliary facility thereto, shall be sanitary,
hygienic or safe. In case of sites or buildings intended for use as human habitation or
abode, the same shall be at a safe distance, as determined by competent authorities,
from streams or bodies of water and/or sources of air considered to be polluted; from
a volcano or volcanic site and/or any other building considered to be a potential
source of fire or explosion.
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
Section 401. Types of Construction. For purposes of this Code, all buildings proposed
for construction shall be classified or identified according to the following types:
Type II. Type II buildings shall be of wood construction with protective fire-
resistant materials and one-hour fire resistive throughout: Except, that permanent
non-bearing partitions may use fire-retardant treated wood within the framing
assembly.
Type III. Type III buildings shall be of masonry and wood construction.
Structural elements may be any of the materials permitted by this Code: Provided,
that the building shall be one-hour fire-resistive throughout. Exterior walls shall be of
incombustible fire-resistive construction.
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Section 501. Fire Zones Defined. Fire zones are areas within which only certain types
of buildings are permitted to be constructed based on their use or occupancy, type of
construction, and resistance to fire.
Section 502. Buildings located in more than One Fire Zone. A building or structure
which is located partly in one fire zone and partly in another shall be considered to be
in the more highly restrictive fire zone, when more than one-third of its total floor area
is located in such zone.
OTHER PROVISIONS
The allowable floor areas for one-storey building and buildings over one-storey shall
not exceed the limits prescribed by the Secretary for each occupancy groups and/or
types of construction. For purposes of this Section, each portion of a building
separation by one or more area separation walls may be considered a separate
building provided the area separation walls meet the requirements prescribed
therefor by the Secretary.
The floor areas hereinabove provided may be increased in certain specific instances
and under appropriate conditions, based on the existence of public space, streets or
yards extending along and adjoining two or more sides of the building or structure
subject to the approval of the Building Official.
The maximum height and number of storeys of every building shall be dependent
upon the character of occupancy and the type of construction as determined by the
Secretary considering population density, building bulk, widths of streets and car
parking requirements.
The height shall be measured from the highest adjoining sidewalk or ground surface:
Provided, that the height measured from the lowest adjoining surface shall not
exceed such maximum height by more than 3.00 meters: Except, that towers, spires,
and steeples, erected as part of a building and not used for habitation or storage are
limited as to height only by structural design if completely of incombustible materials,
or may extend not to exceed 6.00 meters above the height limits for each occupancy
group if of combustible materials.
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(a) Dwelling Location and Lot Occupancy. The dwelling shall occupy not more
than ninety percent of a corner lot and eighty percent of an inside lot, and
subject to the provisions on Easement on Light and View of the Civil Code of
the Philippines, shall be at least 2 meters from the property line.
(b) Light and Ventilation. Every dwelling shall be so constructed and arranged
as to provide adequate light and ventilation as provided under Section 805, of
this Code.
(c) Sanitation. Every dwelling shall be provided with at least one sanitary toilet
and adequate washing and drainage facilities.
(d) Foundation. Footing shall be of sufficient size and strength to support the
load of the dwelling and shall be at least 250 millimeters thick and 600
millimeters below the surface of the ground.
(e) Post. The dimensions of wooden post shall be those found in Table 708-A
Dimensions of Wooden Posts (Annex B-1). Each post shall be anchored to
such footing by strap and bolts of adequate size.
(f) Floor. The live load of the first floor shall be at least 200 kilograms per
square meter and for the second floor, at least 150 kilograms per square
meter.
(g) Roof . The wind load for roofs shall be at least 120 kilograms per square
meter for vertical projection.
(h) Stairs. Stairs shall be at least 750 millimeters in clear width, with a rise of
200 millimeters and a minimum run of 200 millimeters.
(i) Entrance and Exit. There shall be at least one entrance and another one for
exit.
(a) Subject to the provisions of the Civil Code of the Philippines on Basement
of Light and View and to the provisions of this part of the Code, every building
shall be designed, constructed, and equipped to provide adequate light and
ventilation.
(b) All buildings shall face a street or public alley or a private street which has
been duly approved.
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(c) No building shall be altered nor arranged so as to reduce the size of any
room or the relative area of windows to less than that provided for buildings
under this Code, or to create an additional room, unless such additional room
conforms to the requirements of this Code.
(d) No building shall be enlarged so that the dimensions of the required court
or yard would be less than that prescribed for such building.
(a) Habitable rooms provided with artificial ventilation have ceiling heights not
less than 2.40 meters measured from the floor to the ceiling; Provided that for
buildings of more than one-storey, the minimum ceiling height of the first
storey shall be 2.70 meters and that for the second storey 2.40 meters and
succeeding storeys shall have an unobstructed typical head-room clearance
of not less than 2.10 meters above the finished floor. Above stated rooms with
a natural ventilation shall have ceiling height not less than 2.70 meters.
(b) Mezzanine floors shall have a clear ceiling height not less than 1.80
meters above and below it.
(a) Minimum sizes of rooms and their least horizontal dimensions shall be as
follows: 1. Rooms for Human Habitations. 6.00 square meters with at least
dimensions of 2.00 2. Kitchens. 3.00 square meters with at least
dimension of 1.50 meters; 3. Bath and toilet. 1.20 square meters with at
least dimension of 0.90 meters.
(a) Minimum space shall be provided as follows: 1. School Rooms. 3.00 cubic
meters with 1.00 square meter of floor area per person; 2. Workshops,
Factories, and Offices. 12.00 cubic meters of space per person; 3.
Habitable rooms. 14.00 cubic meters of space per person.
(a) Every room intended for any use, not provided with artificial ventilation
system as herein specified in this Code, shall be provided with a window or
windows with a total free area of openings equal to at least ten percent of the
floor area of room, and such window shall open directly to a court, yard, public
street or alley, or open water courses.
(a) Skylights shall have glass area not less than that required for the windows
that are replaced. They shall be equipped with movable sashes or louvers
with an aggregate net free area not less than that required for openable parts
in the window that are replaced or provided with approved artificial ventilation
of equivalent effectiveness.
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(a) No part of any building or structure or any of its appendages shall project
beyond the property line of the building site, except as provided in this Code.
(b) The projection of any structure or appendage over a public property shall
be the distance measured horizontally from the property line to the outermost
point of the projection.
(a) No part of any structure or its appendage shall project into any alley or
street, national road or public highway except as provided in this Code.
(b) Footings located at least 2.40 meters below grade along national roads or
public highway may project not more than 300 millimeters beyond the
property line.
(a) The extent of any projection over an alley or street shall be uniform within
a block and shall conform to the limitations set forth in Table 1003-A of the
code; Projection of Balconies and Appendages (Annex B-2);
(b) The clearance between the established grade of the street and/or sidewalk
and the lowest under surface of any part of the balcony shall not be less than
3.00 meters.
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(d) Location. Every marquee shall be so located as not to interfere with the
operation of any exterior standpipe connection or to obstruct the clear
passage from stairway exits from the building or the installation or
maintenance of electroliers.
(b) Clearance. The horizontal clearance between the awning and the curb line
shall not be less than 300 millimeters. The vertical clearance between the
undermost surface of the awning and the pavement or ground line shall be not
less than 2.40 meters. Collapsible awnings shall be so designated that they
shall not block a required exit when collapsed or folded. Section 1007. Doors,
Windows, and the like. Doors, windows and the like less than 2.40 meters
above the pavement or ground line shall not, when fully opened or upon
opening, project beyond the property line except fire exit doors.
(a) Every corner building or solid fence on a public street or alley less than
3.60 meter in width shall be truncated at the corner. The face of the triangle
so formed shall be at right angles to the bisector of the angle of the
intersection of the street lines; provided, that in no case, the Secretary shall
determine the size and form of the chaflan.
Note: For other provisions of the code please refer to this link:
1. http://www.humanitarianlibrary.org National Building Code of the Philippines
2. http://www.academia.edu The National Building Code of the Philippines
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Building System Design
GENERAL
The following considerations should guide the architect in the total design of the
building and other structures in accordance with the Declaration of Policy of this
code.
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Building System Design
1. The land or site upon which the building or structure or any adjunct or
ancillary facility thereof shall be the concern of the architect. He shall verify,
survey, and ascertain safe design determinants such as geodetically and
geophysical characteristics, the potential chronological or periodic flooding,
soil conditions of the site, and other potentials hazard such as volcanic
eruption, pollution, landslides, tsunami. Other environmental factors shall also
be considered such as: solar angles, prevailing, typhoon winds and
orientation to significant views.
2. Siting of the building shall be governed by NBC-IRR as to allowable buildable
area on lots actual characteristics of physical boundaries.
DEFINITIONS
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ALLEY An alley is a narrow lane for pedestrians or service that runs between or
behind buildings. Alleys used to be planned into cities for trash access, deliveries,
electrical, plumbing, and mechanical services, fire engines, and for parking.
ATTIC STOREY Any storey situated wholly or partly in a roof, so designed, arranged
or built as to be used for any occupancy or habitation.
BALCONY A platform projecting from a wall protective railing around its periphery.
Also, an elevated tier of seats over an assembly hall, the lowest part of which is
raised 1.20 m. or more above the level of the main floor.
BAY OR PANEL The intervals or spaces between two adjacent pillars, columns, or
buttresses into which the building front is divided.
BOARDING HOUSE are buildings containing several similarly furnished and fully
equipped apartments. They differ from apartment hotels in that they can often be
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Building System Design
BUIDABLE AREA The remaining space in a lot after deducting the required
minimum open spaces for light and ventilation.
BUILDING a structure (such as a house, hospital, school, etc.) with a roof and walls
that is used as a place for people to live, work, do activities, store things, etc. : the act
or process of making structures by putting together materials.
CASING a wood, metal or plastic covering or trim around the door or window frame.
COPING the material or units to form or serve as a cop or finish on top of a wall, pier,
parapet or pilaster.
COURT an unoccupied space enclosed by buildings and lot lines other than a yard;
free, open, and unobstructed clear area of any appendages from the ground upward.
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EXIT, FIRE a means of exiting a building in the event of fire. You're not allowed to put
anything in front of this door as it is a fire exit.
EASEMENT An easement is a no possessory right to use and/or enter onto the real
property of another without possessing it. It is "best typified in the right of way which
one landowner, A, may enjoy over the land of another, B".
EXIT COURTS a yard or court providing safe egress to a public way for one or more
exits.
FACING any masonry, forming an integral part of a wall used as a finished surface to
veneer or wainscot.
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FIRE SEPARATION (WALL) is the method for protecting buildings from the spread
of fire into adjoining areas for designated time periods by the introduction
of fire resisting walls, floors, doors, ducts and so on. These constructions divide the
building into distinct fire zones called 'fire compartments'.
FIREWALL is a network security device that monitors incoming and outgoing network
traffic and permits or blocks data packets based on a set of security rules.
FIRE-RESISTIVE STANDARDS
All materials of construction and type of materials and assemblies or combinations
thereof shall conform to the following fire-resistive ratings:
Note: For other provisions of the code please refer to this link www.academia.edu and
united.architects.org
Chapter I - General Requirements. The following changes are made in this code:
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Building System Design
Section 103 - Classification of Buildings School buildings of more than one storey,
hospitals and designated evacuation centers are added under the essential
facilities category.
Section 104 - Design Requirements
Deflection of any structural member under the serviceability requirement is
deleted. For concrete and steel materials see Chapter 4 and 5 respectively;
new requirements are added to the design review section.
3Section 105 - Posting and Instrumentation
The provision of installed recording accelerograph is adjusted.
Chapter 2 - Minimum Design Loads. The changes made in this code arc as follows:
Chapter 3: Specification for Excavations and Geo materials. The revisions made in
this updated code arc as follows:
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Building System Design
Chapter 4: Structural Concrete. The revisions made in this updated code are as
follows:
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Building System Design
Section 410 - Flexure and Axial Loads: The section on slenderness effects is
reorganized to recognize computer analysis techniques as the primary
method of evaluating second order effects:
Section 411 ~ Shear and Torsion: Code requirements are added to permit the list of
headed stud assemblies as shear reinforcement for slabs and footings.
The nominal shear strength is permitted (0 be larger for headed stud
assemblies than for other forms of slab and footing shear reinforcement; more
stringent limits are placed on the depths of beams that are exempted from the
requirement for minimum shear reinforcement; a new limit 011 the depth of
hollow core units for which minimum shear reinforcement could be waived is
established; steel fiber-reinforced concrete is added as an alternative to
minimum shear reinforcement: and the upper limit on shear friction strength is
significantly increased for monolithically placed concrete and concrete placed
against intentionally roughened concrete;
Section 412 - Development and Splices of Reinforcement: Provisions are added for
the development length of headed deformed bars; splice length when splicing
bars with different sizes is addressed; and a coating factor of 1.0 for
galvanized reinforcement is added;
Section 413 - Two-Way Slab Systems: Dimension limits are added for the use of
shear caps; and alternative corner reinforcement arrangement is added for
two-way slabs supported of edge beams or walls;
Section 414 . - Walls: Design provisions for slender wall panels are modified to be
more
consistent with the methods used in design practice;
Section 418 - Prestressed Concrete: The allowable concrete compression stress
immediately after prestress transfer is increased; and requirements for
structural integrity steel in two-way unbondcd post-tensioned slab systems are
modified;
Section 4.20 - Strength Evaluation of Existing Structures: Load factors for
determining
the required test load are modified to reflect typical modern load
combinations;
Section 421 - Earthquake-Resistant Structures: This section presents the
requirements for Seismic Resistant Design from ASCEISEI 7-05, but instead
of using the Seismic Design Categories of ASCESEI 7-05, the equivalent
Seismic Zones as per UBC 1997 are specified. Also, new design
requirements are added for such seismic zones; newdetailing option is added
for diagonally reinforced coupling beams; design yield strength for
confinement reinforcement is raised to 690 MPa to help reduce congestion;
and boundary element confinement requirements is relaxed;
Section 423 - Anchoring to Concrete: Use of reinforcement in the vicinity of anchors
and ductility requirements for anchors in seismic zones arc clarified.
Section 425 - Alternative Provisions for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete
Flexural
and Compression Members: Revisions in Appendix B of ACI 318-08M is
adopted;
Section 426 - Alternative Load and Strength Reduction Factors: Revisions in
Appendix
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Building System Design
Chapter 5: Structural Steel. The revisions made in this updated code are as follows:
Section 5.1 Adopted is an integrated treatment of the Allowable Stress Design (ASD)
and the Load and Resistance Factor Design (L...RFD) such that the earlier
Specification that treated only the ASD method is retained;
c.2 In lieu of the previous method of analysis, a new method (Direct Analysis
Method) is adopted: and
Section 5.2 The cold formed steel design for building systems and structural
members are included. The chapter on steel design from NSCP 2001 which
covered Allowable Working Stress Design (ASD) is fully updated (0 address
usage, advances in the state of knowledge, and changes in design practice.
Chapter 6: Wood
Section 6.I The provisions in this chapter arc refined to incorporate local practices
and
corrections in the previous version of the code (NSCP 2(01). Referrals arc
made to the NSCP 2010 Vol. III on Housing for relevant provisions concerning
single-family dwellings / low-cost housing;
Section 6.2 Tables from the previous version of NSCP 2001 including the Table
containing specie design information are amended to incorporate the latest
updated information/ list of wood species as provided by the Forest Products
Research and Development Institute (FPRDl);
Section 6.3 A provision that limit the use of wood shear walls and diaphragms is
added;
and
Section 6.4 A section for Machine Graded Lumber (MGL) is included.
Chapter 7: Masonry
Section 7.1 The provisions in this chapter are refined to include local practices and
corrections from the previous version of the code (NSCP 2001); referrals are
made to the NSCP 2010 Vol. III on Housing for relevant provisions concerning
single-family dwellings / low-cost housing;
Section 7.2 Recycled aggregates are defined and provided;
Section 7.3 A section for Seismic Design is added; and
Section 7.4 Additional sections each for Masonry Fireplaces and Masonry Chimneys
are included.
Note: Visit this link for more readings www.scribd.com national structural code of the philippines
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The new edition of the PEC 2017 was based on the 2017 National Electrical Code.
The primary objective of the code is to establish basic materials quality and electrical
works standards for the safe use of electricity for light, heat, power communications,
signalling and for other purposes.
Note: Visit this link for more readings www.electricalengineeringresources.com or www.academia.edu national
electrical code of the philippines
D. Apartment Buildings – includes buildings containing three (3) or more living units
independent cooking and bathroom facilities, whether designated as condominium,
row house, apartment house, tenement, garden apartment, or by any other name.
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1. No door in any means of egress shall be locked against egress when the
building is occupied.
2. No residential occupancy shall have its means of egress pass through any
non-residential occupancy in the same building, except in buildings provided with
approved, supervised sprinkler system provided that the means of egress shall not
pass through a high hazard content 171 area as determined by the City/Municipal
Fire Marshal having jurisdiction and the means of egress shall be separated by a
construction of not less than 1 hour.
A. Requirements
1. Any ballroom assembly or exhibition hall, and other space used for purposes of
public assembly shall be in accordance, with Division 7 of this Chapter.
Restaurant having a capacity of fifty (50) or more persons shall be treated as
places of assembly.
2. Any dormitory divided into suites of rooms, with one or more bedrooms opening
into a living room or study that has a door opening into a common corridor
serving number of suites, shall be classified as an apartment building.
B. Exit Details
1. Requirements
a. Any room having a capacity of less than fifty (50) persons with an outside
door at street or ground level may have such outside door as a single exit
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provided that no part of the room or area is more than fifteen and one-fourth
meters (15.25 m) from the door measured along the natural path of travel.
b. Any floor below the floor of exit discharge occupied for public purposes
shall have exits arranged in accordance with the subsequent paragraph of this
Section, with access thereto in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2 of this IRR.
c. Any floor below the floor of exit discharge not open to the public and used
only for mechanical equipment, storage, and service operations (other than
kitchens which are considered part of the hotel occupancy) shall have exits
appropriate to its actual occupancy in accordance with applicable sections of
this code.
d. The same stairway or other exit required to serve any one upper floor may
also serve other upper floor, except that no inside open stairway, escalator, or
ramp may serve as a required egress from more than one floor.
2. Types of Exits, arranged in accordance with Division 5 of this Chapter, shall be one
or more of the following types:
a. Doors, provided that doors in any means of egress shall not be locked
against egress when the building is occupied. Delayed egress locks may be
permitted, provided that not more than one such is located in any one egress
path.
b. Stairs and smokeproof enclosures.
c. Ramps.
d. Horizontal exits.
3. Minimum Corridor Width Corridors, other than those in within individual guest
rooms or individual guest suites, shall be of sufficient width to accommodate
the required occupant load and shall not be less than one hundred twelve
centimeters (112 cm).
4. Number of Exits Not less than two (2) exits shall be accessible from every floor,
including floors below the floor of exit discharge and occupied for public
purposes.
5. Travel Distance to Exits a. Any exit shall be such that it will not be necessary to
travel more than thirty meters (30 m) from the door of any room to reach the
nearest exit. b. Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a corridor
door shall not exceed twenty three meters (23 m) in buildings not protected by
an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system. c. Travel distance within
a guest room or guest suite to a corridor door shall not exceed thirty eight
meters (38 m) in buildings protected by an approved, supervised sprinkler
system. 173
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b. Means of egress shall be so arranged that, from every point in any open
area or from any room door, exits will be accessible in at least two (2) different
directions.
a. At least half of the required number of units of exit from upper floors,
exclusive of horizontal exits, shall load directly to the street or through a yard,
court, or passageway with protected openings and separated from all parts of
the interior of the buildings.
b. A maximum of fifty percent (50%) of the exits may discharge through areas
on the floor of exit discharge provided:
ii. The floor of discharge into which the exit discharge is provided with
automatic fire suppression system and any other portion of the level of
discharge with access to the discharge area is provided with automatic
fire suppression system or separated from it in accordance with the
requirements for the enclosure of exit. (See Section 10.2.5.2 of this
IRR),
iii. The entire area on the floor of discharge is separated from areas
below by construction having a minimum fire-resistance rating of two
(2) hours.
a. Each public space, hallway, stairway, or other means of egress shall have
illumination in accordance with Section 10.2.5.11 of this IRR. Access to exit
shall be continuously illuminated at all times. Any hotel and dormitory shall
have emergency lighting installed in individual guest rooms or guest suites,
hallways, landings of stairways and other appropriate areas as determined by
the C/MFM having jurisdiction. 174
b. Every exit access door from public hallways or from corridors on floors with
sleeping accommodations shall have an illuminated sign in accordance with
Section 10.2.5.12 of this IRR. Where exits are not visible in a hallway or
corridor, illuminated directional signs shall be provided to indicate the direction
C. Protection
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Building System Design
a. Every stairway, elevator shaft and other vertical openings shall be enclosed
or protected in accordance with Section 10.2.6.2 of this IRR.
c. No floor below the floor of exit discharge, used only for storage, heating
requirements, or other than hotel occupancy open to guest or the public, shall
have unprotected openings to floors used for hotel purposes.
a. In any new hotel building every corridor shall be separated from guest
rooms by partitions having at least a one (1) hour fire resistance rating.
b. Each guest room shall be provided with a door having a fire protection
rating
at least twenty (20) minutes.
c. Openings in corridor partitions other than door openings shall be prohibited.
d. Doors that open directly onto exit access corridors shall be self-closing and
self-latching.
3. Interior Finish Interior finish, in accordance with Section 10.2.6.3 of this IRR and
subject to the limitations and modifications therein specified, shall be as follows:
i. Exits – Class A or B;
ii. Lobbies and Corridors;
ii.a. Used as exit access – Class A or B
ii.b. Not used as required exit access – Class A, B or C
iii. Places of Assembly – See Section 10.2.8.16 of this IRR;
iv. Individual guest rooms – Class A, B or C; and v. Other rooms –
Class
A, B or C.
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c. An alarm-sending station and manual fire alarm box shall be provided at the
hotel desk or other convenient central control point under continuous
supervision of responsible employees.
f. Hotels and dormitories including its guest rooms and guests suites shall be
required to be equipped with both audible and visible notification appliance.
g. In hotels and dormitories not equipped with automatic fire detection and
alarm system, guest rooms, living area and sleeping rooms within a guest
suite shall be installed with single-station smoke detectors.
5. Extinguishing Requirements
7. Hazardous Areas
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b. Every hazardous area shall be separated from other parts of the building by
construction having a fire-resistance rating of at least one (1) hour and
communicating openings shall be protected by approved automatic or self-
closing fire doors, or such area shall be equipped with automatic fire
suppression system. Where a hazard is high as determined by the
City/Municipal Fire Marshal having jurisdiction, both fire-resistive construction
and automatic fire suppression system shall be used. Hazardous areas
include, but are not limited to:
2. All other building services equipment installed or used in hotels and dormitories
shall comply with Division 7 of this Chapter
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Building System Design
However, our supply of fresh water is definitely limited, and improved conservation
practices are necessary if our needs are to be supplied.
1. All premises intended for human use or habitation shall be provided with a supply
of pure and wholesome water, neither connected to unsafe water supply nor subject
to backflow or back- siphonage.
3. Plumbing shall be designed and adjusted to use the minimum quantity of water
consistent with proper performance and cleaning.
4. Devices for heating and storing water shall be so designed and installed as to
prevent dangers from explosion through overheating.
5. Every building abutting on a street, alley or easement with a public sewer shall
connect its plumbing fixtures to the sewer system.
6. Each family dwelling unit shall have at least one water closet, one kitchen type
sink, a lavatory and a bathtub or shower to meet the basic requirements of sanitation
and personal hygiene.
10. Each fixture directly connected to the drainage system shall be equipped with a
water-sealed trap.
11. The drainage pipes piping system shall be designed to provide adequate
circulation of air free from siphonage, aspiration or forcing of trap seals under
ordinary use.
12. Vent terminals shall extend to the outer air and installed to prevent clogging and
the return of foul air to the building.
13. Plumbing systems shall be subjected to such tests to effectively disclose all leaks
and defects in the workmanship.
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Building System Design
14. Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive mixtures, destroy the
pipes or their joints or interfere unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall not be
allowed to enter the building drainage system.
16. No water closet shall be located in a room or compartment which is not properly
lighted and ventilated.
17. If there is no sewer system in the area, suitable provision shall be made for the
disposal of building sewage by some accepted method of sewage treatment and
disposal, such as a septic tank.
20. All plumbing fixtures shall be installed properly spaced, to be accessible for their
intended use.
21. Plumbing shall be installed with due regard to the preservation of the strength of
structural members and the prevention of damage to walls and other surfaces
through fixture usage.
22. Sewage or other waste from plumbing systems, which may be deleterious to
surface or sub-surface waters shall not be discharged into the ground or into any
waterway, unless first rendered innocuous through subjection to some acceptable
form of treatment.
Worksheet 1
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