Marriages and Families Diversity and Change 8Th Edition Schwartz Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF

Marriages and Families Diversity and
Change 8th Edition Schwartz Solutions

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CHAPTER SIX: SEXUALITY AND INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After reading Chapter 6, students should be able to:

1. Define human sexuality and distinguish it from the concept of sexual intercourse.
2. Distinguish between the concepts of human sexuality, sexual identity, and sexual
orientation and understand the range and scope of human sexual orientations.
3. Understand the place of human sexuality in history and how certain elements of early
views and norms of human sexuality can be found in contemporary sexual views and
norms of sexual behavior.
4. Analyze the dynamic relationship between human sexuality and social learning and the
social factors that help shape human sexuality.
5. Articulate the range of expressions and behaviors that human sexuality takes.
6. Explain how humans are sexual beings throughout the life course and discuss how aging
affects human sexuality.
7. Understand the meaning of sexual dysfunction and identify sources of sexual
dysfunctionality in women and men.
8. Explain the connection between sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in general and HIV
and explain how other STIs facilitate HIV transmission.
OUTLINE
I. HUMAN SEXUALITY.
Human sexuality refers to the feelings, thoughts, and behaviors of humans who have
learned a set of cues that evoke a sexual or an erotic response (the term “sex” refers to a
person's genetic makeup only). Humans are sexual beings and a large portion of our life is
devoted to sexual activity (i.e., sexual daydreaming and fantasy).
II. SEXUAL IDENTITIES AND SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS.

Sexual identity includes not only the ways we define ourselves sexually, but also how we
define ourselves in terms of the biological categories of female and male and all of the
ways in which we think about and express ourselves in terms of our beliefs, attitudes, and
values.
A. Sexual Orientations: Like sexual identity, sexual orientation includes not just
whom we choose as a sexual partner, but, more importantly, the ways in which we
understand and identify ourselves. Researchers contend that clear-cut categories do not
exist and that sexual desire is constructed in the context of social relationships and
identities. American culture has espoused heterosexism, a belief that heterosexuality is the
only right, natural, and acceptable sexual orientation.
B. Heterosexuality: Refers to the preference for sexual activities with a person of the
opposite sex. Recent data suggests 96–97 percent of Americans identify
themselves as heterosexual. Feminists argue that American's views are
phallocentric and reflect the notion that women exist for men. Adrienne Rich
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Copyright © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
argues that heterosexism and homophobia inhibit the possibility of some men and
women finding sexual satisfaction with same-sexed partners.
C. Homosexuality: Refers to both identity and behavior. The exact determination of
homosexuality is unknown. The nature-nurture debate continues to spark controversy. Some
recent research tends to support the biological explanation.
i. How Widespread is Homosexuality? Like heterosexuality, the exact
determination of homosexuality is unknown. The dichotomy of
heterosexual versus homosexual can be misleading in that there may be
aspects of both orientations in everyone. Homosexuality varies in terms of
importance, organization, and actualization in people’s lives.
D. Bisexuality: The concept is difficult to define (with respect to identity and
lifestyle) and enumerate (estimates are that 4 percent of the American population are bisexual).
As with other sexual orientations, the exact origins of bisexuality are unknown. However, some
evidence suggests differences between men and women in their perceptions of their bisexuality.
E. Transgender: There is not exact agreement on the details of what exactly it means to be
transgender. In the very broadest sense, a transgender person is anyone who transgresses
traditional gender norms in terms of identity, appearance, or behavior, either intentionally or
unintentionally, on a regular basis. The National Transgender Advocacy Coalition Web site
estimates that 1 in 10,000 biological males and 1 in 30,000 biological females are transsexual.
Transgendered persons live life as the opposite sex.
F. Queer: A growing number of young people are coming out as queer, as they don’t
feel they fit into a specific label and seek a broader alternative to the label LGBT. It can
mean different things to different people.
III. HUMAN SEXUALLITY: PAST AND PRESENT.

All societies have a set of rules or codes that define appropriate sexual behavior.
However, sexual ideas and behavior change according to cyclical patterns. There are
many variations in sexual attitudes and behavior that coexist during any particular
historical period.
A. Jewish Traditions and Human Sexuality: Ancient tradition placed great value
on marriage and reproduction. The norm of premarital chastity was more rigidly
applied to women than men (a woman who was not a virgin when she married
could be killed). Male dominance was the order of the day.
B. Christian Traditions and Human Sexuality: The early tradition was most
influenced by St. Paul, who was opposed to sex, either inside or outside marriage.
In the Middle Ages the “missionary position” was the only acceptable position for
intercourse because it was the least likely to allow enjoyment. The Protestant
Reformation of the sixteenth century ushered in new views on sexuality (Martin
Luther renounced celibacy). During most historical periods, sexual behavior
varied according to social class, with the middle classes adhering most to the
norms.
C. Sexuality in Early America: An Overview
i. Puritan Sexuality: Was based on Calvinist sexual traditions (sex was a sin
outside of marriage). These views continued to dominate sexual norms
well into the nineteenth century.
64
ii. Victorian Sexuality: Was characterized by a number of sexual taboos
(nudity during sex was prohibited). Sexuality was basically a male
phenomenon (women were not thought of as experiencing sexual desire).
This differing set of norms, based on gender, is known as the sexual
double standard.
iii. Sexuality and Slavery: Victorian norms did not apply at all to blacks.
Males were often either used as studs (to increase the slave population) or
castrated. Women were often both physically and sexually abused.
D. Sexual Attitudes and Behavior in the Twentieth Century and Beyond: The
first era (1900 to early 1950s) saw an increase in sexual activity outside marriage.
The second era (1950s to 1970s) was characterized by greater sexual
permissiveness outside marriage especially if sex occurred within a love
relationship leading to marriage. The third era (since 1970) has seen a decreasing
emphasis on the nuclear family and an increasing view that sex can be
recreational.
i. A Sexual Revolution? Some have argued that there has been no revolution
but just a continued evolution of sexual norms.
ii. Understanding America’s Changing Sexuality: Contemporary Patterns:
The permissiveness of the 1980s has continued, but people are less likely
to engage in casual sex due to the growing awareness of AIDS and other
sexually transmitted diseases. Sexual acts that were once considered
deviant are widely accepted today. Remnants of the sexual double standard
remain.
a. Why Do We Have Sex? Let Me Count the Ways: Despite attempts to
actually count and describe the positions in which humans have sex,
few have been systematically counted. More than 200 motivations
have been identified.
b. Are You Having Enough Sex? Even though the average American
adult has sex 120 times a year with a high level of satisfaction, nearly
2/3 still wish they were having sex more often. Interestingly, single
people report having sex more frequently than married people.
c. If You Want More Sex—Consider Moving: People living in the
Northeast report the highest frequency and people living in the South
the lowest frequency of having sex.
d. Sex by the Numbers—Good Sex or Simply by the Numbers? The
median number of opposite sex partners in a lifetime is 3 for females
and 5 for males. The numbers vary by race and gender.
e. I Can(‘t) Get (No) Satisfaction: Frequency is not synonymous with
satisfaction. Only about one half (48 percent) of sexually active adults
say they are satisfied with their sex lives.
f. Keeping Sex Fresh?: Contrary to the assumption of widespread
“kinky” sex, we as a nation seem to prefer only a few sexual practices.
g. S-E-X-Y Talk: We spend a tremendous amount of time talking about
sex, both online and offline.
65
h. More and More S-E-X-Y Talk: Americans spend a tremendous amount
of time talking about sex both on- and off-line. The talking can be in
texting, or social media, and up to 32 percent may be related to sex.
i. Your Cheating Heart: Most surveys, past and present, show that a high
percentage of people think monogamy is important to marriage, saying
when they marry they intend to be monogamous, and that cheating or
having an affair is morally wrong.
j. Contemporary Sexuality in a Global Context: Surveys now ask people
around the world about their sexual well-being. Greeks are the most
sexually active and Chinese the least.
IV. SEXUALITY AS SOCIAL LEARNING

Anthropologists have long shown that human sexuality is defined and learned within a
cultural context. However, Freud and Kinsey believed that human sexuality is
biologically determined by innate drives, which society insists must be repressed or
appropriately channeled. The prevailing view is that sexual behavior is learned and then
guided by “sexual scripts” that are learned during the socialization process.
A. Learning Sexuality in the Family: Contrary to popular belief, research indicates
that people learn very little about sexuality from their parents.
B. Gender Differences in Sexual Scripts: Parents tend to communicate the content
of sexual behavior to their children differently, depending on the child’s sex.
Despite more liberal sexual attitudes, sexual scripts and gender socialization
related to sexuality have changed very little. Gender differential sexual scripts are
rooted in the cultural belief that male sexual needs are more important than female
sexual needs.
C. Peer Influence: Various studies have found that peer pressure to engage in sexual
activity is a major factor in adolescent sexual behavior.
D. The Mass Media: popular culture and the mass media play a key role in
constructing, shaping, and transforming our views and knowledge about sexuality.
i. Advertising: Advertisers routinely use sexuality in mainstream advertising.
Although it is usually undressed or scantily dressed women we see, increasingly
men’s bodies are being used as sex objects too.
ii. Television: Television, considered by some media scholars to be the most
influential medium shaping our views of sexuality, routinely depicts sexual
situations and behaviors. Soap operas are one example.
iii. Films: Increasingly since the 1970s, sex and sexual violence have
become so explicit in films that a rating system is used to determine the degree
of suitability for audiences under a certain age.
iv. Music: Contemporary music is increasingly sexually explicit and mixed
with various messages about love, hate, rejection, loneliness, and violence.
E. The Internet: The diffusion of computer and Internet use has had a phenomenal
impact, in a variety of ways, on contemporary sexuality.
V. HUMAN SEXUAL EXPRESSION
66
Although sex surveys tell us much about what people do, how they do it, and how often,
such surveys tell us very little about what goes on in our bodies when we are sexually
stimulated.
A. Autoeroticism: Until recently, United States society placed particularly heavy
restrictions on autoeroticism.
i. Masturbation: Involves gaining sexual pleasure from self-stimulation of
the genitals. Boys and men tend to masturbate more often than girls and
women. Masturbation frequently continues after marriage.
ii. Sexual Fantasy and Erotic Dreams: More males than females engage in
sexual fantasy and erotic dreaming (dreams often lead to nocturnal
emissions or wet dreams).
B. Interpersonal Sexual Behavior: Interpersonal sexual activity involves more
people acting in concert for the purpose of giving each other pleasure.
i. Pleasuring: Involves a couple exploring each other's bodies.
ii. Petting and Oral Sex: Petting involves a variety of types of physical
contact for the purpose of sexual arousal, and is a common activity among
adolescent boys and girls. In many parts of society, oral-genital sex is an
unmentionable subject and taboo behavior (cunnilingus is the oral
stimulation of the female genitals, and fellatio is the oral stimulation of the
male genitals). Oral sex has become standard practice for a majority of
white people of all social classes.
iii. Coitus: Refers only to penile-vaginal intercourse. Coitus remains the
primary method through which heterosexuals seek erotic pleasure, with the
“missionary position” being most common.
C. Sexual Expression among Lesbians and Gays: There is little difference in
homosexual and heterosexual sexual expression and physiological response.
Lesbians are more emotionally involved with their partners and are more likely to
connect sex with love than are gays. Gays tend to have sex with more partners and
in shorter-term relationships.
VI. SEXUALITY ACROSS THE LIFE CYCLE

Sexual behavior for most people begins earlier and lasts longer over the life cycle today
than at any other period in United States history.
A. Sexuality in Adolescence and Young Adulthood: Adolescence is a time of
romantic and sexual awakening, identifying the sexual self, and first-time
experiences with love an sexual relationships.
B. Sexuality in College: Many sexual challenges from adolescence continue on in
college but at a more intense level. Hooking up is common.
C. Sexuality and Singlehood: The incidence of intercourse among singles has
increased over the past decade. This is fairly consistent with the sexual attitudes
and morals of the general population about sex outside of marriage.
D. Sexuality Within Marriage: Does Good Sex Make Good Marriages? Most
marriages today have moved toward greater variety in sexual behavior, more
frequent intercourse, and higher levels of sexual satisfaction. In general, when
67
couples define their sexual activities as satisfying, they also define their overall
relationship as satisfying.
E. Sexuality in Post-Married Life: As divorce and separation rates have increased
and a growing number of widowed people are living into old age with a partner, a larger
number of adults than in the past are confronted with the task of adjusting to postmarital
life.
i. Divorced People: Most divorced people become sexually active within a
year following their divorce. The sex is usually more pleasurable and
fulfilling than marital sex.
ii. Widows and Widowers: Almost one-half of widowers and widows engage
in postmarital coitus.
F. Sex In Later Life: People who are healthy and happy with their lives can
continue to be sexually active well into their advanced years. Survey research
demonstrates that while sexual activity may decline with age, a significant
proportion of elderly people, including those in nursing homes, remain sexually
active.
i. The Intersection of Gender, Age, and Sexuality: Women, Men, Aging, and
Sexuality: Experts disagree on the impact of menopause on female
sexuality. Men do not have a typical pattern of reproductive aging because
there is no definite end to male fertility. A very small percentage of men
over the age of 60 experience what some researchers have labeled a male
climacteric. Most forms of sexual behavior decline significantly for both
men and women after age 75.
VII. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS

Sexual discord or maladjustment of some sort is widespread in the United States. The
majority of cases are the result of social-psychological factors that interfere with or impair
people's ability to respond as ordinarily expected to sexual stimuli.
VIII. SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY: PROTECTING YOURSELF AND YOUR

PARTNER(S) FROM AIDS AND OTHER STIs
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)—infections acquired primarily through sexual
contact, although some can also be transmitted in other ways—are fairly common in
today's society. They were formerly called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Such
diseases can be caused by viruses (AIDS, herpes, hepatitis B, and genital warts), bacteria
(syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydial infections), and tiny insects or parasites (pubic lice).
A. Sexually Transmitted Infections: In addition to HIV, there are more than 25
other STIs. Most people who have STIs do not have any symptoms and are
unaware.
i. Children and Adolescents and STIs: Approximately 79 million Americans
have Human papillomavirus. A vaccination was introduced in an attempt
to reduce the cancer-causing HPV infections.
B. HIV/AIDS: Experts estimate that more than 1 million people in the United States
are living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is believed to
68
be the main cause of AIDS. AIDS is a viral syndrome, or group of diseases, that
destroys the body's immune system. Currently, there is no cure for AIDS.
i. The Transmission of AIDS: AIDS is transmitted via blood and body
fluids, such as semen, saliva, vaginal and cervical secretions, urine, tears,
and breast milk. Although AIDS can be transmitted through the use of an
infected needle or syringe, the most common means of transmission is
through sexual contact. According to current evidence, HIV cannot be
transmitted by casual contact. People may have the HIV virus without
knowing it.
C. HIV/AIDS and Risk: Who Gets AIDS
Statistics clearly reveal the intersection of race, class, gender, age, and sexual orientation
as to who is more likely to contract AIDS.
i. Race/Ethnicity and HIV/AIDS: African Americans face the most severe
burden of HIV and AIDS in the United States. Latinos are also
disproportionately affected.
ii. Class/Geographical Location: Class and geographic regions in the US are
also key factors in this epidemic. There is a strong link between poverty and
HIV, with the strongest link in the South.
iii. Gender: Men are more affected than women, although the virus is taking an
increasing toll on women. The number of older people with HIV/AIDS has
been increasing in recent years. Because the majority of people who are at
the highest risk of contracting the virus are members of categories that this
society values least (gays, poor people, people of color, women, the elderly),
AIDS is a deeply divisive social and political issue.
iv. Sexuality: It is estimated that men who have sex with men comprise only 2
percent of the U.S. population, yet this group is most affected by HIV in the
United States.
v. Age: Most children with HIV/AIDS contracted it through their mother
during the perinatal period. Also, the number of elderly people with HIV or
AIDS is increasing.
vi. Drug Users: People who inject drugs account for 10 percent of total AIDS
diagnoses in 2013, most of whom are males (63 percent).
D. Global AIDS Pandemic: AIDS as a National and International Issue: An
estimated 78 million people have contracted HIV, with the vast majority in Asia
and Africa. Geographic boundaries cannot protect against HIV.
E. AIDS Prevention and Sexual Responsibility: A campaign for “safe sex” is
geared toward informing people how to protect themselves from AIDS and other
sexually transmitted diseases through abstinence or by engaging in responsible
sex. Some critics of safe sex contend that the premise of safe sex promotes sexual
promiscuity and does little to promote abstinence. They argue that abstinence, not
safe sex, should be the official public policy.
IX. SUPPORTING MARRIAGES AND FAMILIES.

People are engaging in sexual activities at earlier ages and remaining sexually active for
much longer periods into old age. Although we’re all responsible for our sexual
69
behaviors, the need for policies and programs that support marriages and families is
nowhere more glaring than in the area of human sexuality. Whatever values and beliefs
we hold individually about human sexuality, it is clear that as a nation, we cannot bury
our heads in the sand and pretend that celibacy is the only answer to many of the pressing
issues and problems that surround the sexual practices and behaviors of many Americans.
KEY TERMS
sexual orientation autoeroticism

heterosexism masturbation
heterosexuality pleasuring
homophobia petting
homosexuality cunnilingus
bisexuality fellatio
transgender coitus
cisgender sexual dysfunction
sexual double standard sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
sexual scripts acquired immune deficiency syndrome
significant others (AIDS)
generalized others safe sex
TEACHING SUGGESTIONS/DISCUSSION QUESTIONS/

CLASS EXERCISES
1. As you discuss sexuality with your students, ask them to think about how American
society “speaks with forked tongue” concerning sexual behavior: On the one hand, we are
told that sex is “natural,” that it is a matter of biology—when boy meets girl, just like the
“birds and the bees.” On the other hand, we are taught that our sexual feelings must be
controlled and carefully monitored; only under certain conditions are we permitted to
have sex. Encourage the members of your class to vocalize their own impressions of this
hypocrisy surrounding the relationship between biology and human society when it comes
to the expression of sexuality.
2. Controversy still exists regarding who is best to teach children about sexuality and sexual
activities. Conservatives usually maintain that this is the responsibility of parents. Other
people feel that although this would be ideal, the fact is that parents do not do an adequate
job of discussing sexual matters with their children. Ask the students in your class if they
learned about sex and sexuality from peers or from parents. What types of erroneous
information did they receive? Discuss sexual socialization in America today.
3. Encourage your students to grapple with the issue of what is acceptable and unacceptable
in the realm of sexuality. You can begin with a list of different types of heterosexuality,
from the “normal” to the “unusual.” As the students vocalize what they find unacceptable,
try to distill what criteria they are using to make these assessments: relativistic cultural
norms, psychological damage to another person, physical pain for another person, etc.
One very controversial topic that you may wish to introduce into your class discussions
involves whether monogamy is the most natural state for adult living. Ask your students
70
to consider this question: “If monogamy is the 'right' way for men and women to live,
then why is there so much extramarital infidelity?”
4. Today, one-third of the births in this country involve single women. These are not always
young teenage females. Many are women who have graduated from college, established a
career, and now want to experience motherhood. Solicit the students' opinions for and
against such a decision. Also, ask them if they think that single people should be able to
adopt babies. What are the advantages and disadvantages of raising a child in a single
parent home (if the parent is financially secure)?
5. There are probably more jokes concerning human sexuality than any other subject. Many
of these jokes are not very humorous. Ask your students to consider how humor
frequently reflects how uncomfortable people feel about particular issues. The endless
stream of “sex jokes” reflects the discomfort that many Americans experience when it
comes to their own sexuality. Some members of your class may be encouraged to
vocalize elements of jokes relating to sexuality that they have heard recently. Use student
comments in discussing specific ingredients of Americans' apprehensions about their own
sexuality.
6. Motivating students to be candid about “his” and “her” sex in group discussion is difficult
for obvious reasons. However, the benefits of such a discussion are many, even if the
interchange is characterized by embarrassment and discomfort. Using the discussion of
gender differences in this chapter as a baseline, ask your students to consider further why
men and women view sex differently and encourage them to discuss why this is the case.
You may wish to draw some comparisons between the gender differences with reference
to sexuality.
7. Pose the question, “Is the sexual revolution over?” to your students. Ask for their
individual points of view regarding the conservative trend toward non-marital sexuality in
our society. They may be inclined to cite the appearance of AIDS and the increased
sensitivity to other sexually transmitted diseases as the explanation. Ask them to probe
more deeply into the reasons for this conservative backlash.
8. Ask the members of the class to bring a copy of at least one article/paper on extramarital
affairs. Although many researchers maintain that the incidence of extramarital
relationships is very high, other surveys have shown a much lower incidence. Discuss
with the class the hidden agendas of some research (for instance, a Playboy survey found
that over 70 percent of married men had extramarital affairs, but a major Family Circle
survey found a much lower percentage). What effect might excessively high or lower
percentages have on readers?
9. The text points out that media presentations exaggerate the importance of sex in people's
lives. Furthermore, movies like Grumpy Old Men, and Grumpier Old Men emphasize the
concern that the elderly, especially elderly men, have about sex in the middle and later
years of life. This concern is ironic in view of the feeling that the elderly are “sexless.”
Another interesting image is that of the “dirty old man.” Ask your students to consider
this irony: On the one hand, it seems that Americans—again, especially American men—
are worried about declining sexual function in the middle and later years. On the other
hand, we live in a society where most people are uncomfortable with the image of older
people having sex. Encourage the class to confront this situation head-on, in an effort to
expose Americans' general discomfort with human sexuality.
71
10. One excellent vehicle for illustrating American attitudes toward human sexuality is to ask
your class to consider the use of sex surrogates in sexual therapy. Apparently, many
Americans regard surrogate sex therapy as “immoral” or even appealing to prurient
sexual interest. Encourage the members of your class to voice their opinions about sex
surrogates. Why should this type of approach be regarded differently than any other form
of therapy?
FILMS AND VIDEOS
1. I’m Coming Out, 2010, 45 min. (Films for the Humanities and Sciences). Ahmad is a 24-
year-old gay man who is comfortable with his sexual identity. Neil is a 55-year-old gay
man hoping to overcome a lifetime of hiding who he really is. This program accompanies
the two when they return home with the idea of coming out to family members.
2. Sex in ’69: Sexual Revolution in America, 2009, 120 min. (Films for the Humanities and
Sciences). This A&E Special travels back to 1969 to explore America’s sexual
revolution—a psychedelic time that gave birth to the concept of free love, saw the
invention of “the pill,” and embraced a whole new perspective on human sexuality.
3. Disability and Sexuality: Exploring the Intimacy Option, 2008, 52 min. (Films for the
Humanities and Sciences). This program challenges the preconception that being
physically disabled necessarily means a lack of desire for physical intimacy. Through
candid interviews with people who have substantial physical disabilities, this video
expresses their needs as human beings, examines constraints placed upon them by their
conditions as well as by the medical and residential facilities that serve them, and
spotlights high-minded organizations prepared to assist them in having loving
experiences.
4. Sexy Inc.: A Critical Look at the Hypersexualization of Childhood, 2007, 26 min. (Films
for the Humanities and Sciences). This documentary condemns the hypersexualization of
kid culture and exposes the severely damaging effects of hypersexuality on young
psyches—female, predominantly, but male as well. Pervasive Internet porn, which serves
children as a toxic artificial standard for sexual intimacy, is also addressed. Commentary
is provided by psychologist Sharon Lamb, medical and education professionals, and
others working to offset the pernicious effects of “Sexy Inc.” in children’s lives.
72
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609. Edinburgh Ev. Courant, September 6, 1725. This paper remarks that the
extent of country which belonged to the late Earl of Seaforth, and disarmed on this
occasion, was no less than sixty miles in length and forty in breadth.
610. Lockhart Papers.
611. Miscellany Papers, Adv. Lib.
612. Ed. Ev. Courant.
613. D. Webster’s Account of Roslin Chapel, &c., Edinburgh, 1819.
614. Transactions of the Society of Improvers.
615. Caledonian Mercury, July 1735.
616. [Sinclair’s] Stat. Acc. Scot., xx. 74.
617. [Sinclair’s] Stat. Acc. Scot., viii. 525. A drawing and description of a
winnowing-machine used in Silesia appears in the Gentleman’s Magazine for 1747,
as a thing unknown in England.
618. Old Mortality, chap. vii.
619. Newspapers of the day.
620. Introduction to the Pirate—a novel, it need scarcely be remarked,
founded on the story of Gow.
621. ‘London, March 29, 1720.—Sunday evening the Duke of Douglas and the
Earl of Dalkeith fought a duel behind Montague House, and both were wounded.’—
Newspapers of the day.
622. Wodrow’s Analecta, iii. 208.
623. Lockhart Papers. Wodrow’s Analecta, iii. 210, et seq. Contemporary
narration.
624. See antea, under February 1697.
625. Sinclair’s Statistical Acc. of Scotland, article ‘Erskine.
626. Notice from the Edinburgh Post-office, Nov. 23, 1725.
627. Caledonian Mercury, Oct. 1733, and Jan. 1734.
628. Edin. Ev. Courant.
629. Chamberlayne’s Present State of Great Britain for the years cited.
630. Scottish Journal, p. 208.
631. Wodrow’s Analecta.
632. New Stat. Acc. of Scot., vi. 157.
633. Scrap-book of Dugald Bannatyne, quoted in New Stat. Acc. of Scot., vi.
231.
634. Smollett’s Humphry Clinker.
635. Ramsay’s Works, i. 285.
636. Arnot’s History of Edinburgh, p. 366.
637. Mr Jackson had heard that Aston’s theatre was ‘in a close on the north
side of the High Street, near Smith’s Land. A Mrs Millar at that time was esteemed
a capital actress, and was also a very handsome woman. Mr Westcombe was the
principal comedian. The scheme was supported by annual tickets, subscribed for
by the favourers of the drama.’—Hist. Scot. Stage, p. 417.
638. Arnot’s Hist. Edinburgh, p. 366.
639. Analecta Scotica, ii. 211.
640. ‘Edinburgh, April 9, 1728.—Yesterday, Tony Astons, elder and younger,
stage-players, were committed prisoners to the Tolbooth. ’Tis said they are charged
with the crime of carrying off a young lady designed for a wife to the latter.’—Ed.
Ev. Courant.
641. Private Letters, &c.
643. Printed by James Duncan, Glasgow, 1728, pp. 168.
645. MS. in possession of the Junior United Service Club.
646. Struan Papers, MS. The Earl of Mar, writing to Struan from Paris,
January 6, 1724, says: ‘Our poor friend John Menzies has been very near walking
off the stage of life; but I now hope he may still be able to act out the play of the
Restoration with us, though he must not pretend to a young part.’ Among Struan’s
published poems is ‘an Epitaph on his Dear Friend John Menzies;’ from which it
would appear that Menzies had died abroad, and been buried in unconsecrated
ground.
647. History of the Robertsons of Struan.... Poems of Robertson of Struan,
Edinburgh, no date, p. 167.
648. Feb. 4, 1755. ‘At London, Edmund Burt, Esq., late agent to General Wade,
chief surveyor during the making of roads through the Highlands, and author of
the Letters concerning Scotland.’—Scots Mag. Obituary.
649. Burt’s Letters, ii. 189.
650. This poem exists in MS. in the library of the Junior United Service Club,
London.
651. Usquebaugh, whisky.
652. Library of the Junior United Service Club, London, to which body I have
to express my obligations for the permission to inspect and make extracts.
653. Letters, &c. i. 77.
654. This road was completed in October 1729. See onward.
655. Select Transactions of the Society of Improvers.
656. Works of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Dalloway’s ed., iii. 127.
657. Gentleman’s Magazine, iii. 515.
658. Cyc. of Pract. Medicine, iii. 749.
659. Analecta Scotica, ii. 322.
660. Boswelliana, privately printed by R. Monckton Milnes, Esq.
661. Edinburgh Ev. Courant.
662. Hist Acc. of the Bank of Scotland, 1728.
663. Analecta, iii. 476.
664. A Letter containing Remarks on the Historical Account of the Old Bank,
by a Gentleman concerned in neither Bank. Edin., James Davidson & Co., 1728.
665. This is a statement of the pamphlet last quoted, p. 30.
666. In British Museum, 8223 C2 (b2).

668. Burt’s Letters from the North of Scotland, 2d ed., i. 230.
669. Sharpe’s Introduction to Law’s Memorials, cvi.
670. Scott’s Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft, p. 328.
671. Representation by the linen-drapers at the bar of the House of Commons,
Jan. 1720.
672. Letter in the Paper-office, quoted by Chalmers, Caledonia, i. 873, note.
674. Private Letters, &c., p. 59.
675. Edinburgh Ev. Courant.
676. Mr Wodrow relates that, about the same time, a number of ministers in
England met occasionally together under the name of the Orthodox Club, and
‘frequently their conversation is gay and jocose’—‘gay and’ being here a Scotch
adverb meaning considerably.
678. State Trials, ix. 26. Arnot’s Crim. Trials, p. 190.
679. Private Letters, &c., p. 64. Mr Lindsay was soon after lord provost and
member for the city, in which latter capacity he made a remarkably good speech in
the House of Commons on the bill for taking away the privileges of the corporation
in consequence of the Porteous Riot. See Gentleman’s Magazine, vii. 457.
680. What seems sufficient to set this matter in a clear light is the fact that, up
to this time, such a thing as a sawn deal was unknown in the Spey Highlands; they
could only split a tree, and chip the pieces into something like a deal; and some of
the upper rooms of Castle-Grant are actually floored of wood prepared in this
manner.
681. At the end of the voyage, he took the curragh upon his back, and trudged
back to the point of departure. An example of this primitive kind of canoe was
exhibited at the archæological museum connected with the British Association at
Aberdeen, September 1859.
682. [Leslie’s] Survey of the Province of Moray, 1798, p. 267. Anderson’s
British Poets, viii. 655.
683. Analecta, passim.
684. Private Letters, &c., p. 66; also newspapers of the day.
685. Wodrow’s Analecta, iv. 97.
686. See under the year 1716 for some notice of her Grace’s services to the
country as a promoter of agricultural improvements.
687. Faculty Records, quoted in Analecta Scotica, ii. 170. The plate of Sallust
is now shewn under a glass-case in the Advocates’ Library.
688. Biog. Memoirs of William Ged. Nichols, London, 1781. To a daughter of
Ged, it was proposed that the profits of this publication, if any, should be devoted;
hence it may be inferred that the family continued poor.
689. Mores’s Narrative of Block-printing, with Notes, apud Topham and
Willett’s Memoir on the Origin of Printing. Newcastle, 1820.
690. Maitland’s History of Edinburgh, p. 460.
691. Arnot’s History of Edinburgh, p. 546.
692. Gentleman’s Magazine, v. 555.
693. The remaining verses of the poem are thus given in the Scots Magazine
for June 1773:
‘Ah! where is now th’ innumerous crowd,

That once with fond attention hung
On every truth divine that flowed,
Improved from thy persuasive tongue!
’Tis gone!—it seeks a different road;

Life’s social joys to thee are o’er;
Untrod the path to that abode
Where hapless Penury keeps the door.
Drummond! thine audience yet recall,

Recall the young, the gay, the vain;
And ere thy tottering fabric fall,
Sound forth the deeply moral strain.
For never, sure, could bard or sage,

Howe’er inspired, more clearly shew,
That all upon this transient stage
Is folly, vanity, or woe.
Bid them at once be warned and taught—

Ah, no!—suppress th’ ungrateful tale—
O’er every frailty, every fault,
Oblivion, draw thy friendly veil.
Tell rather what transcendent joy

Awaits them on th’ immortal shore,
If well they Summer’s strength employ,
And well distribute Autumn’s store.
Tell them, if Virtue crown their bloom,

Time shall the happy period bring,
When the dark Winter of the tomb
Shall yield to everlasting Spring.’
694. Letter by a clansman of the deceased. Edin. Ev. Courant.

695. Culloden Papers, p. 111. Edin. Ev. Courant, Oct. 9, 1729. This chronicle
adds: ‘They named the bridge where the parties met Oxbridge.’ A statement which
appears somewhat inconsistent with one already made in our general account of
the Highland roads.
General Stewart of Garth, in his interesting book on the Highland Regiments,
makes an amusing mistake in supposing that General Wade here condescended to
be entertained by a set of cearnochs, or cattle-lifters.
696. Notes to 2d ed. of Burt’s Letters. There being a distinction between
natural tracks, such as formerly existed in the Highlands, and made roads, and
‘made’ being used here in a secondary and technical sense, it is not absolutely
necessary to suppose, as has been supposed, that the author of this couplet was an
Irish subaltern quartered at Fort William.
697. In May 1711, the ‘relict’ of Sir John Medina, limner, advertised her having
for sale ‘a great many pictures of several of the nobility, gentry, and eminent
lawyers of this nation,’ at her lodging, ‘the first stone land above the Tron Church,
second story.’—Ed. Ev. Courant.
698. Daniel Wilson states, in his work, Edinburgh in the Olden Time, that
Scougal possessed Sir James Steuart’s house in the Advocates’ Close, and there
fitted up an additional floor as a picture-gallery.
699. The document is fully printed in the Edin. Annual Register for 1816.
700. Caledonian Mercury.
701. Analecta, iv. 86, 162.
702. Minutely narrated in Burnet.
703. Caledonian Mercury, April 6, 1724.
704. Sir D. Brewster’s Life of Sir Isaac Newton, 1855, i. 57
706. Stewart’s Highland Regiments, i. 49.
707. Dom. Annals, under March 1, 1701.
708. French, commère, a godmother.
709. An Essay on the Means of Inclosing Scotland, 1729, p. 229.
710. Records of the Bank, quoted in Chalmers’s Caledonia, i. 873, note.
712. Wodrow’s Analecta.
713. Domestic Ann. Scot., ii. 495.
714. See under June 24, 1736.
715. It is rather curious that, in a subscription for the relief of the sufferers by
a fire in the Lawnmarket of Edinburgh, in 1725, ‘Colonel Francis Charteris, £4, 4s.’
is the only contribution from a private individual. Uncharitable onlookers would
probably consider this as intended for an insurance against another fire on the part
of the subscriber.
717. Gentleman’s Magazine, ii. 674.
719. Cal. Mercury, August 8, 1732.
720. Chalmers’s Life of Ruddiman, p. 136.
721. Caledonian Mercury, May and July 1733.
722. Caledonian Mercury, February 14, 1734.
723. Historical Register for 1721, p. 253.
724. July 21, 1744, died at his seat of Orangefield, in the shire of Ayr, James
Macrae, Esq., late governor of Fort George.
725. The son, Captain James Macrae, was a person of most unhappy history,
having shot an innocent gentleman in a duel, and obliged, in consequence, to leave
his native country.
726. Caledonian Mercury, July and August 1733.
727. See under 1718, pp. 440, 441 of this volume.
728. A riding of the stang, attended with tragical results, happened in March
1736. George Porteous, smith at Edmondstone, having severely beaten and abused
his wife, was subjected to the ignominy by his neighbours; which so highly
‘affronted’ him, that he went and hanged himself.—Caledonian Mercury.
729. Caledonian Mercury, passim.
730. Edinburgh newspapers, passim.
731. James VII.’s First Parliament, chap. 12.
732. [Sinclair’s] Stat. Acc. Scot., xviii. 362.
733. Wodrow Pamphlets, vol. 275.
734. From Mein’s original paper, apparently prepared for publication, 1735.
MS. in possession of Society of Antiquaries.
735. Act of Town Council, August 29, 1740. Robert Mein died in 1776, at the
age of ninety-three.
736. Amongst the papers of General Wade, in the possession of the Junior
United Service Club, is a letter addressed to him by a lady who felt interested in
behalf of Porteous. It is here transcribed, with all its peculiarities of spelling, &c.,
as an illustration of the exceptive feeling above adverted to, and also as a curious
memorial of the literary gifts then belonging to ladies of the upper classes. The
writer appears to have been one of the daughters of George Allardice of Allardice,
by his wife, Lady Anne Ogilvy, daughter of the fourth Earl of Findlater:
‘I dute not Dear general waid but by this time yon may have heard the fattel
sentence of the poor unhappy capt porteous how in six weeks time most dye if he
riceve not speedy help from above, by the asistance of men of generosity and mercy
such as you realy are it is the opinion of all thos of the better sort he has been
hardly deelt by, being cond’mned but by a very slender proof, and tho he was much
provokted by the mob and had the provest and magestrets order to fire which th’y
now sheamfuly deney nor had he the leeberty to prove it tho even in his own
defence, but the generous major powl will assure you of the trouth, and yet tho the
capt had thos crule orders it is proven my [by] commiserer wesly mr Drumond
doctor horton and severel other gentel men of undouted crided he realy did not
make use of them, that there eyes were fixed on him all the while and have declar’d
upon oth he deed not fire, true it is he presented his firelock in hopes to frighten
the mob when ane unlucky felow at the same time and just by the capt fired which
lead the two witness into the fatel mistake that has condmn’d him the unfortenat
pannal both befor and after the dismal sentence protested befor god and the judges
he was entierly inesent puting all thes circomstances to gether the miserable state
he now is in most draw your generous pity on his side ther’for dr general waid
continwa your uswal mercy and plead for him and as our sex are neturly
compassinot and being now in the power of the quin, so generous a pleader as you
may easely persuad, considring it is a thing of great concquenc to the whol army
which yourself better knou then I can inform the duke of buccleugh, marques of
Lowding [Lothian] Lord morton geneal myls all the commissioners and chiff baron
are to join ther intrest with yours in this affair, by your own generous soul I beg
again Dear sir you will do whats in your power to save him, thos that think right go
not through this poor short life just for themselves which your good actions shou
you oft consider, and as many just now put a sincer trust in your generous mercy I
am sure they will not be disapointed throgh aney neglect of yours let this letter be
taken notes of amongst the nomber you will reseve from your frinds in Scotland in
behalf of the unfortunat capt which will intierly oblidg
Dear general waid

your most affectionate and most
obident humble servant
Catharine Allardice.
‘you would be sory for the unexresable los I have had of the kindest mother,
and two sisters I am now at Mrs Lind’s where it would be no smal satesfaction to
hear by a Line or two I am not forgot by you drect for me at Mr Linds hous in
Edenburg your letter will come safe if you are so good as to writ Mr Lind his Lady
and I send our best complements to you, he along with Lord aberdour and mr
wyevel how has also wrot to his sister mrs pursal go hand in hand togither makeing
all the intrest they can for the poor capt and meet with great sucess they join in
wishing you the same not fearing your intrest the generals Lady how is his great
friend were this day to speak to the Justes clarck but I have not since seen her, so
that every on of compassion and mercy are equely bussey forgive this trouble and
send ous hop’
738. Statutes at large, vi. 51.
739. In November 1737, the poet is found advertising an assembly (dancing-
party) ‘in the New Hall in Carrubber’s Close;’ subscription-tickets, two for a
guinea, to serve throughout the winter season.—Cal. Merc.
741. Newspapers of the time.
743. Daily Post, Aug. 17, 1738, quoted in Household Words, 1850.
744. His name was William Smellie. The fact is stated in his Memoirs by
Robert Kerr, Edinburgh, 1811.
745. Scots Magazine, January 1739.
746. Scottish Journal, p. 313.
747. Houghton’s Collections on Husbandry and Trade, 1694.
748. Arnot’s History of Edinburgh, 4to, p. 201.
749. Robertson’s Rural Recollections, 1829.
750. ‘The man has not been dead many years who first introduced from
Ireland the culture of the potato into the peninsula of Cantyre; he lived near
Campbelton. From him the city of Glasgow obtained a regular supply for many
years; and from him also the natives of the Western Highlands and Isles obtained
the first plants, from which have been derived those abundant supplies on which
the people there now principally subsist.’—Anderson’s Recreations, vol. ii. (1800)
p. 382.
751. ‘This singular individual died at Edinburgh [January 24, 1788]. In 1784,
he sunk £140 with the managers of the Canongate Poor’s House, for a weekly
subsistence of 7s., and afterwards made several small donations to that institution.
His coffin, for which he paid two guineas, with “1703,” the year of his birth,
inscribed on it, hung in his house for nine years previous to his death; and it also
had affixed to it the undertaker’s written obligation to screw him down with his
own hands gratis. The managers of the Poor’s House were likewise taken bound to
carry his body with a hearse and four coaches to Restalrig Churchyard, which was
accordingly done. Besides all this, he caused his grave-stone to be temporarily
erected in a conspicuous spot of the Canongate Churchyard, having the following
quaint inscription:
“HENRY PRENTICE,
Died.
Be not curious to know how I lived;

But rather how yourself should die.“‘
—Contemporary Obituaries.
752. Scots Magazine, Oct. 1740. Act of Town Council, Dec. 19, 1740.
753. Scots Magazine, July 1741.
754. Moncrieff’s Life of John Erskine, D.D., p. 110.
755. Scots Magazine, July 1742.
756. Scots Magazine, Oct. 1712. New Statistical Acc. Scot., art. ‘Lochbroom,’
where many curious anecdotes of Robertson, called Ministeir laidir, ‘the Strong
Minister,’ are detailed.
757. Lays of the Deer Forest, by the Messrs Stuart.
758. Edin. Ev. Courant, Nov. 15, 1743.
759. Spalding Club Miscellany, ii. 87.
760. Old Statist. Acc. of Scot., xv. 379.
761. Domestic Ann. of Scot., ii. 392.
762. Memorabilia of Glasgow, p. 502.
763. Newspaper advertisement.
764. Jones’s Glasgow Directory, quoted in Stuart’s Notices of Glasgow in
Former Times.
765. Culloden Papers, p. 233.
766. Appendix to Burt’s Letters, 5th ed., ii. 359.
767. Tour in Scotland, i. 225; ii. 425.
768. Gentleman’s Magazine, xvi. 429.
769. Scots Magazine, 1750, 1753, 1754.
770. Tour through the Highlands, &c. By John Knox. 1787, p. 101.
771. [Sinclair’s] Stat. Acc. Scot., xx. 424. The minister’s version is here
corrected from one in the Gentleman’s Magazine for January 1733; but both are
incorrect in the historical particulars, there having been during 1728 and the
hundred preceding years no more than six kings of Scotland.
772. Printed in Spalding Club Miscellany, ii. 7.
Page Changed from Changed to

90 resetter reseller
TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES
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Marriages and Families Diversity and Change 8Th Edition Schwartz Solutions Manual Full Chapter PDF

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Marriages and Families Diversity and

Change 8th Edition Schwartz Solutions

After reading Chapter 6, students should be able to:

II. SEXUAL IDENTITIES AND SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS.

III. HUMAN SEXUALLITY: PAST AND PRESENT.

IV. SEXUALITY AS SOCIAL LEARNING

V. HUMAN SEXUAL EXPRESSION

VI. SEXUALITY ACROSS THE LIFE CYCLE

VII. SEXUAL DYSFUNCTIONS

VIII. SEXUAL RESPONSIBILITY: PROTECTING YOURSELF AND YOUR

IX. SUPPORTING MARRIAGES AND FAMILIES.

sexual orientation autoeroticism

TEACHING SUGGESTIONS/DISCUSSION QUESTIONS/

FILMS AND VIDEOS

667. Analecta, iii. 302.

‘Ah! where is now th’ innumerous crowd,

’Tis gone!—it seeks a different road;

Drummond! thine audience yet recall,

For never, sure, could bard or sage,

Bid them at once be warned and taught—

Tell rather what transcendent joy

Tell them, if Virtue crown their bloom,

694. Letter by a clansman of the deceased. Edin. Ev. Courant.

Dear general waid

Be not curious to know how I lived;

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