Excretory system

Excretion
Kidney Functions
1) Filter 200 liters of blood daily, allowing toxins,
metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in
urine,

1) Regulation of water and electrolyte balance: Maintain

the proper balance between water and salts, and acids
and bases,

1) Excretion of bioactive substances (hormones and many

foreign substances, especially drugs) that affects body
function,

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Kidney Functions
4) Regulation of arterial blood pressure: by production of
renin (vasoactive substances) and regulate volume and
chemical makeup of the blood,

4) Regulation of red blood cells production:

erythropoietin hormone to stimulate RBC production
by bone marrow,

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Kidney Functions

6) Regulation of vitamin D production : 25,

cholecalciferol will be activated in the kidneys to 1,25
dihydrocholecalciferol D3,

6) Gluconeogenesis: during prolonged fasting glucose

can be synthesized in the liver and kidneys.

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Malpighian body:

The maphigian body, also known as the renal corpuscle, is a

component of the nephron that acts as the location of blood
plasma filtration during the urine production process.
The functional unit of the kidneys is the nephron. Each kidney is
made up of one million nephrons that are connected by connective
tissue.
A malpighian body is made up of two parts:
The glomerulus: The afferent arteriole forms a tuft of capillaries
known as glomerulus.
Bowman’s capsule: Bowman's capsule is a double-walled epithelial
cup that encloses the glomerulus.
Blood supply to kidney
 Diseases of the Kidneys
• Kidneys are essential in the excreting and filtering of
metabolic wastes.
• Gout: Uric acid is deposited from blood not filtered
correctly. Affects the joints. Causes arthritis-like pain…. But
worse.
• Diets that are high in protein strain kidneys, which can
result in kidney malfunction. Why?
• Kidney stones: A hard mass developed from crystals that
separate from the urine and build up on the inner surfaces
of the kidney.