1st Quarter, ENGLISH VI

Sources Of Information
Print materials refer to any publication, documents or record including, but not limited
to the following. Ex: newspapers, magazines, books, drawings, maps, almanac,
dictionaries, atlases, encyclopedias
Non-print materials refer to formats with special characteristics whose information
content can be only accessed through the use of machines/digital equipment.
Digital materials refer to electronic records and other content that were originally
created/or stored in a digital environment. Such as web servers, desktop computers,
digital cameras. Ex: MS Office Files, Images
How To Analyze Characters
Characters:
-Age and Gender
-Race and Nationality
-Attitude and Behavior
Setting
-Rural
-Urban
Visual Media helps retain concepts and ideas. It is interpreted using primarily what
human see.
Types Of Visual Media
1. Non-Projected Visual Media – requires non-projection material or electric power.
-Infographics
-Cartoons
-Photographs
-Poster
2. Projected Visual Media – media formats in which pictures are enlarged and displayed
on a screen.
~Filmstrip – series of still pictures
~Overhead projector – uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen.
~Visual presentation – a teaching method used to communicate an idea.
The Power Of Visuals
~Attention
~Engagement
~Retention
~Clarity
~Comprehension
Purposes Of Visual Media
3 Purposes Of Visual Media
1. Educate – gives or provides an additional knowledge or information about something
educational that can be used in school or applied in life.
2. Entertain – it brings out your interest, pleasure, and satisfactions mixed with different
emotions.
3. Persuade – it makes someone believe to something by convincing or giving him a good
reason.
Main Types Of A Noun
Common Nouns – name a type of person, place, or thing.
Proper Nouns – name a specific person, place, or thing.
Concrete Vs Abstract Nouns
Concrete Nouns – tangible person, place, or thing (can be seen, touched, smelled, tasted,
heard) ex: bag, man, dress, water, playground, hat, cap, smoke, ball, perfume, baby,
hand.
Abstract Nouns – anything tangible. – emotions, ideas, or concepts, qualities, and
characteristic. Ex: peace, unity, justice, beauty, responsibilities, democracy, competition.
A concrete noun is the name given to something that can be seen and touched.
An abstract noun is the name given to something that cannot be seen and touched.
Nouns ending in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, and -z form their plural by adding -es.
Ex: glass – glasses wish – wishes box – boxes
 watch – watches quiz – quizzes
Some nouns ending in -o form their plural by adding -es.
Ex: potato – potatoes hero – heroes
However, some nouns that end in -o form their plural by adding -s only.
Ex: radio – radios piano – pianos
Some nouns ending in -y form their plural by changing -y to I then add -es.
Ex: berry – berries tray – trays
Words ending In -f or -fe, form their plural by changing -f or -fe to -y then add -es.
Ex: life – lives elf – elves half – halves
Words become plural by changing their vowels, such as oo to ee or an to en.
Ex: foot – feet man – men woman – women tooth – teeth
Words become plural by adding -en.
Ex: child – children ox – oxen
Some words change in spelling substantially when made plural.
Ex: louse – lice mouse – mice
Some nouns are identical in both the singular and the plural forms.
Ex: deer- deer news – news fish – fish
Some words ending in -us which are borrowed from Latin or Greek have their plural
form by changing -us to -I or by changing -on or -um to -a.
Ex: cactus – cacti phenomenon – phenomena datum – data
Fungus – fungi criterion – criteria memorandum – memoranda
A pronoun is a word that replace noun. It can also replace multiple nouns.
Antecedent refers to the noun that pronoun replace.
The 7 Types Of Pronouns
~Personal Pronouns
~Demonstrative Pronouns
~Interrogative Pronouns
~Relative Pronouns
~Indefinite Pronouns
~Reflexive & Intensive Pronouns
~Reciprocal Pronouns

~Personal Pronouns are used for a specific person or object. We have three cases. (I, you,
he/she/it, we, you, they & who)
Subjective Case – tell us who or what the sentence is about (I, you, she, he, it) She is at
work.
Objective Case – acts as the object of sentence (her, him, it, me, etc.) He will meet us
later.
Possessive Case – indicating possession (mine, yours, hers, theirs, etc.)
~Demonstrative Pronouns are used to show or identify one or a number of pronouns that
may be far or near distance. (This, That, These, Those) This – singular, near That –
singular, far These – plural, near Those – plural, far
~Interrogative Pronouns are used to ask questions about a person/object. (What, Why,
Whom, Which etc.)
~Relative Pronouns used to join or relate 2 different clauses together by referring to the
noun in the previous clause using the pronouns. (Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That)
~Indefinite Pronouns are used to show unspecified objects/people whether in plural or
singular. (Anyone, Someone, None, Everything, Many, Few, etc.)
~Reflexive Pronouns are used to indicate a noun which has been used in an earlier part of
the same sentence. (Myself, Themselves, Yourself, Ourselves, Herself, Himself, Itself)
~Intensive Pronouns are used to lay emphasis on the pronoun that comes before them in
the sentence.
~Reciprocal Pronouns are used when 2 or more nouns are doing or being the same to one
another. (Each other & One another)
Figurative language or a figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate
meaning from its literal definition.
Similes – comparison that used the signal word like or as. Ex: Her cheeks are red like a
rose. She is innocent as an angel.
Metaphor – directly refers one thing by mentioning other with similarities between the
two. Ex: She is an angel. The world is a stage.
Irony – an expression of one’s meaning by using language that normally signifies the
opposite, typically for humorous, or emphatic effect. Ex: A fire station burns down. The
police station gets robbed.
Hyperbole – exaggeration or overstatement of something for emphasis. EX: I am so
hungry, I could eat a horse. I have million things to do today.
Idiomatic expressions also known as idioms, are a type of informal language that have a
meaning different from the meaning of the words in the expression. In other words,
idioms do not mean exactly what words say.
Here are some examples of idiomatic expressions and their meanings.
1. Come rain and shine – do regularly whatever the circumstances.
2. Chase rainbows – to pursue unrealistic goals.
2. A cold day in July – something that will never happen.
4. Be heard over heels – be inlove with someone very much.
5. Kiss and make up – make peace after an argument.
6. Tie the knot – get married
7. Faint of heart – lack of courage
8. A piece of cake – very easy
Real image – fact images, real things that could happen in real life and that actually exist.
Make believe – non fact images, things that are just an imagination/that cannot happen
and are not real.
Making connection – it is a strategy that can assist you in extracting the meaning from a
text or something you can see on TV; it is about how the info you are reading connect to
other familiar text and to how the world works that goes far beyond your personal
experiences. You can connect your background knowledge to text you are viewing. You
can comprehend better when you actively think about and apply your knowledge of the
book’s topic, your experiences, and the world around you.
Types Of Connection
Text-to-text is a connection between texts. Sometimes when reading, readers are
reminded of other things that they have read, other books by the same author, stories from
similar genre, or perhaps on the same topic. Ex: “This story has the same problem that I
read about in a story last year.”
Text-to-self connections are highly personal connections that a reader makes between a
piece of reading material and the reader own’s experience or life. Ex: “This story reminds
me of a vacation we spent at my grandfather’s farm.” “I remember my high school days
as I read this story.”
Text-to-world connections are the broader connections that a reader brings to a reading
situation. We all have ideas about how the world works that go far beyond our personal
experiences. Ex: “She read from the news that there is an increasing number of
individuals who have tested positive for COVID-19.