GEAR FAILURES

Pitting
Dr.-Ing. Klaus Michaelis

Forschungsstelle für Zahnräder und Getriebebau

Gear Research Centre
Head of the Institute: Prof. Dr.-Ing. B.-R. Höhn

TU München Course at the University of Ljubljana Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn

TU München Michaelis
Pitting on Case Carburized Gear 3/144.06.24
B.-R. Höhn

1
TU München Michaelis
Pitting and Micropitting 4/144.06.24
B.-R. Höhn

TU München Michaelis
Pitting on Through Hardened Gear 1/148.03.24
B.-R. Höhn

2
TU München Michaelis
Surface Failure on Nitrided Gears 17/144.04.24
B.-R. Höhn

acc. Oster

TU München Michaelis
Subsurface Stress Distribution in a Gear Contact 9/76.00.5
B.-R. Höhn

3
 acc. Rettig

TU München Michaelis
Pitting Development 10/44.01.1
B.-R. Höhn

TU München White Etching Area (Butterfly) in the Area of Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn Maximum Subsurface Shear Stress 16/104.01.13

4
 acc. Oster

TU München Pitting Area Development as a Function Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn of Flank Pressure and Number of Load Cycles 6/107.03.17

acc. Knauer

TU München Influence of the Nominal Viscosity on Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn the Pitting SN-Curve 2/104.06.17

5
 acc. Knauer

TU München Influence of the Operating Temperature on Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn the Pitting SN-Curve 1/104.06.17

acc. Käser

TU München Influence of the Additive System on Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn the Pitting SN-Curve of Case Carburized Gears 5/51.01.4

6
 acc. Käser

TU München Influence of the Additive System on Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn the Pitting SN-Curve of Through Hardened Gears 4/51.01.4

acc. Simon

TU München Influence of the Base Oil on the Pitting SN-Curve Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn of Through Hardened Gears and Discs 2/100.05.18

7
 acc. Simon

TU München Influence of Film Thickness on Pitting Life Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn of Through Hardened Discs 7/101.01.12

acc. Prexler

TU München Influence of Surface Roughness on Pitting Life Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn of Through Hardened Discs 9/100.06.18

8
 acc. Käser

TU München Influence of Case Depth on Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn the Pitting SN-Curve of Case Carburized Gears 6/91.01.10

acc. Simon

TU München Michaelis
Relative Pitting Life of Through Hardened Discs 7/100.06.18
B.-R. Höhn

9
TU München Influence Factors on Pitting Michaelis
40/106.03.18
B.-R. Höhn Transmittable Torque

TU München Michaelis
Standard FZG Pitting Test C-PT/9:10/90 13/73.09.14
B.-R. Höhn

10
TU München Pitting SN-Curves for two Different Lubricants Michaelis
3/144.12.28
B.-R. Höhn Schematic

TU München Michaelis
Test Conditions of Different Pitting Test Methods 10/144.12.28
B.-R. Höhn

11
TU München Low (LLS) and High (HLS) Load Spectrum Michaelis
11/144.12.28
B.-R. Höhn for Pitting Test

acc. Schedl

TU München Results of the Standard FZG Pitting Test Michaelis

3/157.02.27
B.-R. Höhn 9th Torque Stage, Oil Temperature 90 and 120 °C

12
 acc. Schedl

TU München Results of the Standard FZG Pitting Test Michaelis

4/157.02.27
B.-R. Höhn 10th Torque Stage, Oil Temperature 90 °C

acc. Schedl

TU München Results of the Standard FZG Pitting Test Michaelis

12/144.12.28
B.-R. Höhn in Comparison to the Load Spectrum Pitting Test

13
TU München Michaelis
Schematic Design of a Cyclic FZG Gear Test Rig 2/144.02.24
B.-R. Höhn

TU München Michaelis
Cyclic FZG Gear Test Rig
B.-R. Höhn

14
TU München Michaelis
Load Spectrum Type I 7/144.02.24
B.-R. Höhn

oil change
run-
in 1st oil fill 2nd oil fill
Goil = 1.0 Goil = 1.0
Gpit = 0,5 Gpit = 1.0

expected failure
reference oil

0 70 h 140
running time acc. Weiß

TU München Pitting Test under Load and Temperature Michaelis

8/144.02.24
B.-R. Höhn Spectrum Conditions – FZG PITS Test

15
2,2
2
50% failure probability
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
reference oil GL4-oil-2 engine oil total drive line oil
(GL4-oil-1)
lubricant
acc. Weiß

TU München Results for Different Automotive Gear Oils Michaelis

9/144.02.24
B.-R. Höhn In the FZG PITS Test

TU München Main Influence Factors on the Result Michaelis

B.-R. Höhn of an FZG Pitting Test 1/144.06.24

16
TU München Pitting Load Carrying Capacity Rating Michaelis
2/83.01.7
B.-R. Höhn According to DIN/ISO 6336

TU München Michaelis
B.-R. Höhn
Permissible Surface Stress 13/83.01.7

17
TU München Michaelis
B.-R. Höhn
Endurance Limit of Surface Stress 3/91.01.10

TU München Michaelis
Operating Modes of a Tilting Converter 8/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

18
TU München Michaelis
Converter Gearbox (Schematic) 9/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

TU München Michaelis
Light Initial Pitting on Through Hardened Sun P2 10/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

19
TU München Michaelis
Severe Pitting on Through Hardened Sun P1 11/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

TU München Michaelis
Operating Spectrum of Converter Gearbox 12/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

20
TU München Michaelis
Comparison of Load Spectra and SN-Curves 13/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

TU München Lubrication of Mesh Between Planet and Ring Gear Michaelis

14/106.03.15
B.-R. Höhn

21
TU München Michaelis
Pitting and Scuffing on Bevel Pinion Tip 2/59.12.16
B.-R. Höhn

22