Lab Assignment: 1

Networking Basics Commands

and its Hardware Components

Submitted by

Reg no: 20BCE1234

Course Program: B.Tech

Course code: BCSE308L

Course Title: Computer Networks

Batch:2021-24

Submitted to
Dr. Swaminathan A
Submitted on 21/7/2022
 1.Networking Basics Commands
and its Hardware Components

Aim:
1.1. Construct a table that consists of S.No., Networking/other
commands, Functions.
1.2. Write about the networking components and devices

1)Networking commands and their functions:

S.n Networking Function Screenshot

o Commands

1 ipconfig getifaddr en0 get ip address

2 ipconfig getoption en0 get subnet mask

subnet_mask

3 ipconfig getoption en0 get dns server

domain_name_server
4 ifconfig en0 get network info

5 networksetup - get a list of location on

listlocations the computer

6 networksetup - get active location

getcurrentlocation

7 netstat -at view info on all sockets

2)Networking components and Devices

1.Routers:
Routers serve as devices connecting different networks. They determine
the most efficient path for data packets to traverse from the source to
the destination across interconnected networks.

2.Switches:
Operating at the data link layer of the OSI model, switches efficiently
forward data within a local network. They utilize MAC addresses to
direct data packets to the appropriate devices.

3.Hubs:
Hubs, basic networking devices operating at the physical layer,
broadcast data to all connected devices. However, they are less efficient
than switches in managing network traffic.

4.Firewalls:
Essential for network security, firewalls monitor and control incoming
and outgoing network traffic based on predefined security rules. They
play a crucial role in safeguarding networks from unauthorized access
and cyber threats.

5.Modems:
Modems (modulator-demodulator) convert digital data from computers
into analog signals for transmission over analog communication lines,
such as phone lines or cable systems. They also convert incoming
analog signals back into digital data for the receiving device.

6.Network Interface Cards (NICs):

Hardware components like NICs allow computers to connect to a
network. They provide the necessary interface for data communication
by converting data between the computer and the network.

7.Access Points:
Facilitating wireless connectivity, access points bridge the gap between
wired and wireless networks. They enable communication between
wireless devices and the wired network infrastructure.

8.Cables and Connectors:

Various cables (e.g., Ethernet, fiber optic) and connectors physically link
devices in a network. The choice of cable depends on factors such as
distance, data transfer speed, and environmental conditions.

9.Protocols:
Protocols are standardized sets of rules governing how data is
transmitted and received in a network. Examples include TCP/IP
(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol), foundational to
internet functionality.
10.Servers:
Servers store and manage resources, services, and data within a
network. They respond to requests from client devices, facilitating
resource and information sharing.