SHS

TVL – ICT
COMPUTER
SYSTEMS
SERVICING NC II
Quarter 1 – Module 4
Introduction to Computer
Networks
Week 4

PECS & OHS

 What I Need to Know

This module is designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you learn
more about the basics of computer networking related to computer systems
servicing. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students.
The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course.

The module contains:

● Lesson 1 – Types of Networks and Networking Devices

● Lesson 2 – Network Topologies and Common Networking Tools

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Lesson 1
1. acquire basic understanding on what computer network is;
2. identify the different types of computer networks; and
3. obtain basic knowledge in identifying the different networking devices

Lesson 2
1. identify the different network topologies, and
2. classify the common tools, materials in networking according to its
functions.

What I Know

Please do not forget to write the following in your answer sheet:

Name: ____________________________________Grade & Section: ___________________
Subject (Specialization): _______________________________Module No.: ____________
Name of the Activity (e.g. What I Know) _____________________ Date: _____________

Directions: Answer the question by writing the letter of your choice on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. What is a network?
A. a film
B. a server
C. one computer
D. Two or more computers connected
2. The computers in Peter's office building are linked so that staff can share files
and printers. This type of network is known as.
A. Campus Area Network

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 B. Local Area Network
C. Metropolitan Area Network
D. Wide Area Network
3. Two or more computers connected together over a wide geographical area (e.g.
county, country, globe). What type of network is this?
A. Campus Area Network
B. Local Area Network
C. Metropolitan Area Network
D. Wide Area Network
4. A network topology composed of several LANs and usually used by big learning
institutions that covers several buildings and departments and operated by
school owners and management.
A. Campus Area Network
B. Local Area Network
C. Metropolitan Area Network
D. Wide Area Network
5. Which of the following does a computer need to connect to a network or other
computer devices?
A. ethernet cable
B. IP Address
C. NIC card
D. WiFi
6. What do you need to connect networks together?
A. client
B. keyboard
C. printer
D. router
7. It is also called as extenders because they regenerate the signal so it can be
sent further.
A. Bridge
B. Ethernet Switch
C. Repeaters
D. Routers
8. Which of the following devices modulates the signal at the sending ends and
demodulates at the receiving end?
A. Bridge
B. Ethernet Switch
C. Modem
D. Routers
9. It refers to the physical or logical arrangement of a network.
A. Networking
B. Routing
C. Topology
D. Tools
10. This is also known as hierarchical network.
A. Bus Network
B. Ring
C. Star
D. Tree
11. Which of the following network topology refers to a local area network where
the computers are connected to a network through a loop or a ring?
A. Bus Network

2
 B. Ring
C. Star
D. Tree
12. Which of the networking tools listed below is used for attaching wires to a
patch panel?
A. Cable crimper
B. Cable stripper
C. Needle-nose pliers
D. Punch down tool
13. Which of the following tools would be used for attaching RJ-45 connectors to a
twisted-pair Ethernet cable?
A. Cable crimper
B. Cable Tester
C. Punch down tool
D. Needle-Nose Plier
14. What is the name of a tool used for removing electrical insulation cover from
electric wires?
A. Cable crimper
B. Punchdown tool
C. Snips
D. Wire stripper
15. A type of tool used for verifying correct electrical connections of wires in a
cable is known as:
A. Cable tester
B. Loopback plug
C. Punch down tool
D. Tone generator

Lesson Types of Networks and

1 Networking Devices

What’s In

In the previous module you learned more about computer system’s types and
classification. You will have first-hand experience in educational activities leading to
assessment of your competencies of a successful computer technician within your
locality. Moreover, the previous module encouraged you to think about how
computers work and its role in the business community as well as in the economic
and social development of an individual.
In today’s time, almost every activity whether personal (for example, socializing or
studying), work related or even business- related (for example, selling any products
or services) rely on the internet.

3
This module covers the introduction to computer networks, the different types of
networks and how it is being classified according to their various characteristics and
tools, materials and equipment used in networking. It is essential that you
understand the vital role of computer networks in connecting people around the
globe and how it very important in today’s era.

What’s New

In the early years most computers functioned as stand-alone units and computing
was essentially a solitary activity in which one person interacted with a limited set of
software tools. Some computer engineers, however, had the foresight to anticipate
that computers could be networked to provide advantages not available with stand-
alone computers. One of the most significant network ideas was conceived by Bob
Metcalfe in 1976 in which his plan for transporting data between computers, which
he called Ethernet, has become a key element in just about every computer network
including INTERNET.
Though, with the vast changes of technology, the internet is now a necessity.
Computer networks are classified by their various characteristics. One of the most
common types of classification is by area of coverage or size of a network.

What is It

TECHNICAL TERMS

combination of hardware, software and connecting

● communication -
links that transport data.
network
● computer network A collection of computers and related devices,
- connected in a way that allows them to share data ,
hardware and software
A network that uses cables to interconnect digital
● ethernet - devices.

● network involves the use of data systems to manage and

technologies - deliver digital resources over a computer network.

Rules that ensure the orderly and accurate

● protocols -
transmission and reception of data.
● wireless A network that uses wireless distribution to
-
interconnect digital devices.

Computer Networks play a vital role in the effective usage of information technology.
It is a group of computers connected to one another for the purpose of sharing data,
hardware, and other resources. Once computers are in a network, they will be able
to communicate with each other. The resources that a network can share are files,
research, printer, scanner, fax, email, communications, video and used for

4
marketing, feedback, assistance and many others. Computer networks also allow
users to access programs and databases from other networks or from public sources.

Basic Types of Networks

Local Area Network (LAN)
Is a network that is confined to a relatively small area. It is generally limited to a
geographic area such as a writing lab, school, or building. Rarely are LAN computers
more than a mile apart.
In a typical LAN configuration, one computer is
designated as the file server. It stores all of the
software that controls the network, as well as the
software that can be shared by the computers
attached to the network. Computers connected to the
file server are called workstations. The workstations
can be less powerful than the file server, and they
may have additional software on their hard drives.
On most LANs, cables are used to connect the
network interface cards in each computer.

https://tinyurl.com/LAN-Network1

Campus Area Network (CAN)

It is network of multiple interconnected LAN in a
limited geographical area such as schools or
university network. A CAN maybe composed of
several LANs, usually used by big learning
institutions that covers several buildings and
departments. A CAN is usually operated by the
school owners or management. https://tinyurl.com/Campus-Area-Network1

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

It is a network that covers an area greater than a
LAN but smaller than a WAN. A MAN may cover an
entire city or a municipality. And it is usually
operated by the local government units or big
business entities.
https://tinyurl.com/Metropolitan-Area-Network101

Wide Area Network (WAN)

It connects large geographic areas, such as Florida, the

United States, or the world. Dedicated transoceanic
cabling or satellite uplinks may be used to connect this
type of network.
https://tinyurl.com/Wide-Area-Network1

5
Networking Devices
Consist of, but are not limited to non-local printers, workstations, servers, webcams,
data loggers, instruments, dial-in devices, and, in general anything that requires an
Ethernet connection. These devices are supported on a best-effort basis limited by
the staffing and equipment level available.

Access Point is a wireless device that operates on the second

OSI layer, the data link layer, and can either act as a bridge
that connects a standard wireless network to wireless devices
or as a router that transmits data to another access point.
Wireless connectivity points (WAPs) are a device that is used
to generate a wireless LAN (WLAN) transmitter and receiver.
Access points are usually networked separate machines with
an integrated antenna, transmitter, and adapter.
https://tinyurl.com/Access-Point101
Hub is a small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple
computers together. Many network hubs available today
support the Ethernet standard. Other types including USB
hubs also exist, but Ethernet is the type traditionally used in
home networking.
https://tinyurl.com/networkhub1

Ethernet switch is a device that gathers the signals from

devices that are connected to it, and then regenerates a new
copy of each signal.

https://tinyurl.com/ethernetswitch101

Repeaters are also called extenders because they regenerate

the signal so it can be sent further.

https://tinyurl.com/WifiExtender1
Bridge is a device that filters data traffic at a network
boundary. Bridges reduce the amount of traffic on a LAN by
dividing it into two segments.

https://tinyurl.com/NeBridge1

Routers are small physical devices that join multiple

networks together.

https://tinyurl.com/router211

6
Network gateway is an internetworking system capable of
joining together two networks that use different base
protocols. A network gateway can be implemented completely
in software, completely in hardware, or as a combination of
https://tinyurl.com/NetGateway1
both.

Modem is a contraction of the term’s modulator and

demodulator. Modems perform a simple function: They
translate digital signals from a computer into analog signals
that can travel across conventional phone lines. The modem
modulates the signal at the sending end and demodulates at
the receiving end. https://tinyurl.com/cable-modem1

Network interface is a device that connects a client

computer, server, printer or
another component to your network. Most often, a network
interface consists of a small electronic circuit board that is
inserted into a slot inside a computer or printer.
Alternatively, some computers, printers, or other services
include network interfaces as part of their main circuit
boards (motherboards). https://tinyurl.com/LAN-Card1

Network firewall protects a computer network from

unauthorized access. Network firewalls may be hardware
devices, software programs, or a combination of the two.
Network firewalls guard an internal computer network
(home, school, business intranet) against malicious access
from the outside. Network firewalls may also be configured
https://tinyurl.com/NetFirewall101
to limit access to the outside from internal users.

What’s More

Directions: Identify what is being described in the following sentences and write
your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Be sure to write the following:
Name: _____________________________________ Year & Section: ___________________
Subject (Specialization): _______________________________Module No.: ____________
Name of the Activity (e.g. What’s More) _____________________ Date: _____________

1. It protects a computer network from unauthorized access.

2. Type of network that connects larger geographic areas, such as Florida, the
United States, or the world.
3. This is an internetworking system capable of joining together two networks that
use different base protocols.
4. It is a group of computers connected to one another for the purpose of sharing
data, hardware, and other resources.

7
 5. They translate digital signals from a computer into analog signals that can travel
across conventional phone lines.
6. It is a device that connects a client computer, server, printer or other component
to your network.
7. A device filters data traffic at a network boundary.
8. It is a device that gathers the signals from devices that are connected to it, and
then regenerates a new copy of each signal.
9. It is a small, simple, inexpensive device that joins multiple computers together.
10. Type of network that is confined to a relatively small area.

What I Have Learned

Directions: Answer the following questions. You may use a separate sheet of paper
or use your journal notebook.
Name: _____________________________________ Year & Section: ___________________
Subject (Specialization): _______________________________Module No.: ____________
Name of the Activity (e.g. What’s More) _____________________ Date: _____________

1. Define computer networks.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. Differentiate the three (3) basic types of networks.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
2. What are network devices? Cite some networking Devices.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

Lesson
Network Topologies and
2 Common Networking
Tools

8
 What’s New

Network Topology is the arrangement with which computer systems or

network devices are connected to each other. Topologies may define both
physical and logical aspects of the network. Both logical and physical
topologies could be the same or different in the same network.
Networking tools are essential pieces of equipment in the creation and
management of networks.

What is It

Network Topology
Ring Network Topology is a local network where the computers are connected to a
network through a loop or ring. Each computer is connected to two computers to
communicate. The signal is passed either clockwise or counterclockwise in the loop.
The disadvantage of this setup is that, if one machine fails, the entire loop also stops
working.

Star Network Topology is a local area network where it uses a central hub to
connect to all computers. The hub acts as a central station of all signals and every
signal pass through it. The star network is easy to implement, adding another
computer is made easier by connecting the entire system. But if the hub fails, the
whole network will be affected.

Bus Network Topology is a computer network topology wherein all computers

connect to a single cable or wire. A single bus cable traverses the space, and each
computer is connected to this cable. The signal travels through the cable with a
specified IP address for a certain machine. The signal is ignored if it does not match
the computers address but accepts if it matches the address. The bus network is
inexpensive to implement since it only uses one wire; however, if the wire breaks the
entire network will fail.

Tree Network Topology is also known as the hierarchical network. In this topology,
the computers are connected to a single root central machine, and from that single
root machine, additional machines are connected forming the second level of the
hierarchy. Then, on each second level branch or node, one or more machines are
also connected forming the third level of the network, and so on. The tree topology is
actually an integration of the star and bus topologies to improve future network
expansion.

9
Mesh Network Topology is a network topology that employs multiple routes to send
the signal in a network, where the signal can have various paths to take from source
to destination. The mesh network is either full or partial. IN full mesh network, all
devices are directly connected to one another. In a partial mesh network, some
devices connect indirectly to other devices.

https://tinyurl.com/Network-Topology101

Materials, Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices

The following tools and equipment are classified according to their functions and
uses.
Equipment and Accessories
LAN Card – is a network interface card. This is a computer
circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so
that it can be connected to a network.

https://tinyurl.com/LAN-Card1

Uninterruptible power supply (UPS), also known as a

battery backup, provides backup power when your
regular power source fails, or voltage drops to an
unacceptable level. It allows for the safe, orderly
shutdown of a computer and connected equipment. The
size and design of a UPS determine how long it will supply
power.

https://tinyurl.com/Uninterruptible-
Power-Supply1

Server is a part of a network. It is a special computer

that users on the network can access to carry out a
particular job.

https://tinyurl.com/serverpc1

10
Port hub is a connector on the back of a computer or
other device. A port is either a serial port or a parallel
port.

https://tinyurl.com/networkhub1

Modem - (Modulator-Demodulator) The modem is a

device that allows a given computer to share data or
otherwise a device which let computers exchange
information.

https://tinyurl.com/cable-modem1

Scanner- it is an input device that read text or illustration

printed on paper, translates the information into a form
that a computer can use

https://tinyurl.com/scanner401

Printer is a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy

(also known as ‘hardcopy’) of the information generated
by the computer

https://tinyurl.com/printer101

Video Camera using videotape: a camera that records

onto videotape

https://tinyurl.com/videocamera101

Flash drive RAM that can retain data without electrical

power. It is widely used for BIOS chips

https://tinyurl.com/flashdrive101

11
Tools

Long nose Pliers is used for holding, bending and

stretching the lead of electronics component or
connecting wire. https://tinyurl.com/Long-Nose-Pliers1

Philips Screwdriver is used to drive or fasten

positive slotted screws.

https://tinyurl.com/Philip-Screw-
Driver1

Crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of

metal by deforming one or both of them to hold each
other. The result of the tool's work is called a crimp.
https://tinyurl.com/crimping-tool011

Punch Down tool used by the telecommunication and

network technicians. It is used for inserting wires in
insulation displacement connectors.
https://tinyurl.com/punch-down-
tool001

Soldering Iron is used to join two or more metal

conductors with the support of soldering lead melted
around it.
https://tinyurl.com/Soldering-Iron1

Desoldering pump Tool is used to unsolder unwanted

parts or component in the circuit with the support of
soldering pencil
https://tinyurl.com/Desoldering-Tool

Cable or LAN Tester for RJ11,12,45 & BNC w/ Remote

Unit This ergonomic tester is designed to test most
network cable wiring. You can either conduct an auto
or manual test.
https://tinyurl.com/CableTester01

Wire stripper is a small hand-held tool that is used

to remove the insulation from electric wires. These
portable hand-held tools are extremely popular
among electricians and even DIYers for removing the https://tinyurl.com/wirestripper01

insulation in order to replace or repair the wire

Anti-Static Wrist Strap is made up of conductive

threads and a metal piece to continuously even out
or ground any static build-up between the user and https://tinyurl.com/Anti-Static-Wrist-
Strap01
electrical equipment.

12
 Coaxial compression tool is a useful device that
uses connectors to properly compress the coaxial
cable. The side of the cable wire will enable you to
know which type of cable it is.
https://tinyurl.com/CoaxCompre
ssionTool1

Materials
RJ45 - is a standardized interface which often connects a
computer to a local area network (LAN). This type of
connector was originally developed for telephone
communications but is now used in a range of
applications. https://tinyurl.com/RegisteredJack45

Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Cable, is a popular type

of cable used in computer networking that consists
of two shielded wires twisted around each.
https://tinyurl.com/UTPCable01

RJ11 is the cable connector that was widely used in

analog telephony to connect the phone instrument and
the cable. Now it is mostly used to connect to modems
and is still used in landlines. It is a 4-slot connector and
has six pins, which means you cannot fit it into an RJ45 https://tinyurl.com/RJ11-connector1
slot.

The coaxial cable is the cable that includes the outer

metal that does the conducting. A central conducting core
ensures that the metal is insulated. High frequency
signals are transmitted through this coaxial cable line.
https://tinyurl.com/CoaxialCable1

What’s More

Direction: Identify the following tools and materials. Use a separate sheet in
answering the test. Be sure to write the following:
Name: _____________________________________ Year & Section: ___________________
Subject (Specialization): _______________________________Module No.: ____________
Name of the Activity (e.g. What’s More) _____________________ Date: _____________

13
 ______________1. _______________6.

______________2. _______________7.

______________3. ______________8.

______________4. _______________9.

______________5. ______________ 10

What I Have Learned

Directions: Answer the following questions. You may use a separate sheet of paper
or use your journal notebook.
1. Define network topologies.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

2. Give the five types of network topologies.

______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
3. What are some networking tools? Give at least 5 tools and its functions.

14
 ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

What I Can Do

Activity # 1.1 (for Printed Modular Modality)

Instructions: In a short size bond paper/s, answer the questions below. Present your
work with accuracy and creativity. Make sure it is pleasing to the eyes. Use the
scoring rubrics below as a guide in working your written output.
1. How is the network being classified?
2. What are the types of computer networks? Describe each.
3. What are some of the network devices? Give their advantages.
Scoring Rubrics for Written Output

Category Exemplary Accomplished Developing (5) Beginning (3)

(10) (8)

Content The output The output is The output is The

relevant and relevant and is somewhat output is
exceeds the complete. complete. incomplete
expectations.

Correctness The output is The output The output The output

free from contains contains contains
errors. minimal several many errors.
errors. errors.

Efficiency The student The student was The student The student
was able to able to finish was able to used the least
finish the task the task in the complete the effective
in the most projected task but used method in
effective way amount of time. methods that finishing the
without consumed task.
wasting time more time or
and effort. resources.

Creativity The output The output The output The output

shows shows average shows shows little
excellent creativity in moderate creativity in
creativity in design. creativity in design
design. design

Activity # 1.2 (for Offline Modular Modality)

Instructions: Using any software applications like Microsoft PowerPoint, Canva or
any platforms in presenting your output, create a short presentation with pictures,
collage or infographics that would describe the following topics below, choose only
one. Make your work presentable and creative. Be guided with the scoring rubrics
below.

15
a. Types of Computer Networks
b. Classification of Computer Networks
c. Types of Networking Devices

Scoring Rubrics for Presentation Making

Category Exemplary (10) Accomplished (7) Developing (5)

Content Content is Content is accurate Content is

accurate and all but some required questionable.
required information is Information is not
information is missing and/or not presented in a
presented well presented well but logical order,
still generally easy to making it difficult
understand. to follow.

Slide Presentation flows Presentation flows Presentation is

Creation well and logically. well. Tools are used unorganized.
Presentation correctly. Tools are not
reflects extensive Overall presentation used in a relevant
use of tools in a is interesting. manner.
creative way

Pictures, Images are Images are Some of the

Clip Art appropriate. appropriate. images are
Background Layout is pleasing Layout is cluttered. inappropriate.
to the eye. Layout is not
pleasing to the
eyes.

Slide Transitions are Smooth transitions Very few

Transitions smooth. are used on most transitions are
Transitions slides. used/or they
enhance the distract from the
presentation. presentation

Mechanics No spelling errors. Few spelling errors. Some spelling

No grammar Few grammar errors. errors. Some
errors. Text is Some text is grammar errors.
appropriate and appropriate and Most of the text is
acknowledges the acknowledge the inappropriate and
authors/ authors/ resources doesn't
resources. acknowledge the
authors/
resources.

16
 Assessment

Please do not forget to write the following in your answer sheet:

Name: ____________________________________Grade & Section: ___________________
Subject (Specialization): _______________________________Module No.: ____________
Name of the Activity (e.g., What I Know) ____________________ Date: _____________

Directions: Answer the question by writing the letter of your choice on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. Which of these situations describes a computer network?

A. A programmer runs an algorithm on their computer that can play chess.
The algorithm efficiently searches through a graph of all the possible moves
and subsequent moves and picks the move with the highest probability of
winning.
B. A video gaming club sets up six powerful computers in a room and
connects them with Ethernet cables to a router. The club members play
multiplayer games together.
C. An airport provides power outlets next to the seats in the boarding waiting
areas. The outlets are constantly in use by passengers charging their
laptops and smartphones.
D. A fashion designer creates a glove that changes colors as your fingers move.
The glove embeds flex sensors, a microcomputer, and LEDs. The embedded
flex sensors are input sources for the microcomputer, relaying the current
angle of a finger bend. The microcomputer then runs a program to
determine the color and relays that to the LEDs.
2. What is the benefit of networking the devices together?
A. The computing devices can transfer data to each other.
B. The computing devices can share the same power source.
C. The computing devices can retrieve data from the Internet.
B. The computing devices can encrypt all the data that they store.

3. This diagram illustrates a wireless network made up of five devices: an

Apple iPhone, an Android phone, a desktop computer, a tablet computer,
and a wireless router.

Why are those devices considered computing devices?

A. They can load web pages in a browser.

B. They are able to respond to user input.
C. They are capable of running computer programs.

17
 D. They are able to send data to other devices on the wireless network.
4. Which of the following types of networks cover the entire city or
municipality?
A. Campus Area Network
B. Local Area Network
C. Metropolitan Area Network
D. Wide Area Network
5. Why use a network?
A. To lose data
B. Share viruses
C. To install cables
D. To easily share documents
6. Which of the following refers to the type of network in which it is composed
of several LANs and usually used by big learning institutions that covers
several buildings and departments?
A. Campus Area Network
B. Local Area Network
C. Metropolitan Area Network
D. Wide Area Network
7. Which of the following devices refers to a small, simple, inexpensive device
that joins multiple computers together?
A. Bridge
B. Ethernet Switch
C. Hub
D. Routers
8. It refers to a device that filters data traffic at a network boundary.
A. Bridge
B. Ethernet Switch
C. Hub
D. Routers
9. A star topology will cause a network failure if...
A. if the cable fails
B. If the printer fails
C. if the hub/switch fails
D. if one of the many of the computers fail
10. It is a computer network where it uses a central hub to connect to all
computers.
A. Bus
B. Ring
C. Star
D. Tree
11. It is a computer network topology wherein all computers connect to a single
cable of wire.
A. Bus
B. Ring
C. Star
D. Tree
12. It refers to how the computers in a network are linked physically.
A. Networking Device
B. Network Technology

18
 C. Network Topology
D. Wireless Network
13. A device that is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a
computer so that it can be connected to a network.
A. LAN Card
B. Modem
C. Motherboard
D. Port hub

14. Tool that is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws.

A. Crimping Tool
B. Long nose Pliers
C. Screw Drivers
D. Soldering Iron
15. It refers to a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or
both of them to hold each other.
A. Crimping Tools
B. LAN Tester
C. Long Nose Pliers
D. Screwdriver

Answer Key

Answer may vary

Answers may vary
What I have Learned
What I have Learned
10. Soldering Tool
9. Desoldering pump Tool
8. Wire stripper LAN
7. Crimping Tool HUB
6. UTP Cable Ethernet Switch
5. Cable Tester Bridge
4. RJ45 Network Interface
3. Punch down tool MODEM
2. Screwdriver Computer Network
Network Gateway
Card WAN
1. Network Interface Card (NIC) / LAN Network Firewall

What’s More What’s More

Lesson 2 Lesson 1

19
References
Books:
Department of Education: Technology and Livelihood Education – Information and
Communications Technology, Computer Hardware Servicing Learner’s Manual, First
Edition, 2013

Parsona, June Jamrich & Oja Dan(2011) Understanding Computer Concepts,

Jemma Development(2017).Understanding PC Hardware PC, Jemma Development

Newman, Mark(2018), Networks, Second Edition, Oxford University Press

Gaj, P et al.(2019), Computer Network, Spring Nature Switzerland

Curriculum Guide for Computer System Servicing NC II

Training Regulations for Computer Systems Servicing from TESDA

Online Reliable Sources:

Salam,A(2008),https://web.uncg.edu/bae/documents/syllabi/data/200808/ISM/I
SM/ISM60801.pdf

https://www.khanacademy.org/computing/computers-and-
internet/xcae6f4a7ff015e7d:the-internet/xcae6f4a7ff015e7d:connecting-
networks/a/computer-networks-overview retrieved September 26, 2021

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September 30, 2021

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