Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. Which of the following are people who break a cultural norm considered to be?
a. deviants
b. criminals
c. norm followers
d. inherently immoral
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 159 BLM: REMEMBER
5. Heroes, such as Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and Nelson Mandela, have been
imprisoned for committing crimes at some point in their lives. Why are these criminals
considered to be heroes today?
a. because they engaged in seriously good works while in prison
b. because cultural definitions of what is and is not criminal have changed
c. because their so-called criminal acts were inconsequential
d. because other cultures do not consider their crimes to be crimes at all
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 159 BLM: UNDERSTAND
6. What is the term for behaviours such as frowning at someone, calling a person a bad name, or
looking away from a person when the person commits a bad action?
a. deviance
b. stigmatization
c. informal punishment
d. criminalization
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 159 BLM: UNDERSTAND
7. Glynnis watches Scott dump a day’s worth of tree seedlings straight into a ravine instead of
planting them. The company that employs Glynnis and Scott has a strict policy about this
action, which is viewed as theft. Glynnis calls Scott a “jerk,” tells her friends what he has
done, and ignores him for the rest of the season. What is Glynnis engaging in?
a. informal sanctions
b. norm enhancement
c. criminalization
d. sanction brokering
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 159 BLM: UNDERSTAND
8. Glynnis watches Scott dump a day’s worth of tree seedlings straight into a ravine instead of
planting them. The company that employs Glynnis and Scott has a strict policy about this
action, which is viewed as theft, so Glynnis tells the supervisor what she witnessed. Scott is
immediately fired and sent home. Which of the following did Scott receive?
a. an informal sanction
b. a norm enhancement
c. a formal punishment
d. a sanction retribution
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 159-160 BLM: UNDERSTAND
9. Negatively assessing a person and labelling the person as undesirable based on his or her
ethnic background, gender, or disability is characteristic of which of the following?
a. punishment
b. sanctioning
c. public agreement
d. stigmatizing
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 159 BLM: UNDERSTAND
10. Aashif is often ridiculed at school for his religious beliefs and practices and occasionally he
gets physically pushed down or slammed into lockers. What is happening to Aashif at school?
a. informal punishment
b. formal punishment
c. stigmatization
d. retribution
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 159 BLM: UNDERSTAND
11. According to the textbook’s discussion of the film Paradise Now, research on international
suicide bombers found that none of them exhibited which of the following?
a. psychological problems
b. religious affiliations
c. middle-class status
d. higher educations
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 160 BLM: REMEMBER
12. The textbook discusses the film Paradise Now where a character sends his mother a message
in the middle of his “martyrdom tape” What does Kahled’s message about sale-priced water
filters signify?
a. the nervousness he feels about his upcoming actions
b. the bond to his mother
c. the lack of regard for the seriousness of his upcoming actions
d. the humanity he shares with all people
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 160-161 BLM: UNDERSTAND
13. Which of the following is the criterion that determines whether or not an act should be
considered deviant or criminal by a community?
a. perceived harmfulness
b. degree of public agreement
c. severity of social response
d. actual harmfulness
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 160-161 BLM: REMEMBER
14. Which of the following is the criterion that determines how a community should react when
someone commits a deviant or criminal action?
a. perceived harmfulness
b. degree of public agreement
c. severity of social response
d. actual harmfulness
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 160-161 BLM: REMEMBER
15. Which of the following is the criterion that determines how terrible a community believes an
action to be?
a. perceived harmfulness
b. degree of public agreement
c. severity of social response
d. actual harmfulness
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 160-161 BLM: REMEMBER
17. Heather has several visible body piercings and tattoos and frequently dyes her hair blue. What
kind of deviance are her actions characterized as?
a. conflict crime
b. social diversion
c. consensus crime
d. social deviation
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 162 BLM: UNDERSTAND
18. What do we call semi-serious acts of deviance that are subject to institutional control?
a. social deviations
b. social diversions
c. conflict crimes
d. consensus crimes
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 162 BLM: REMEMBER
19. Terry has been diagnosed with bipolar disorder, at times acting paranoid in public, at times
acting out angrily by shouting at people on the street for imagined trespasses. What kind of
deviance is Terry exhibiting?
a. conflict crime
b. social diversion
c. consensus crime
d. social deviation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 162 BLM: UNDERSTAND
20. Consider the case of NHL hockey player Todd Bertuzzi, who is discussed in the textbook.
What type of deviance did he demonstrate?
a. conflict crime
b. social diversion
c. consensus crime
d. social deviation
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 163 BLM: UNDERSTAND
21. Which of the following terms refers to acts of deviance that are formally defined as illegal but
are subject of a great deal of societal disagreement about their illegality?
a. social deviations
b. social diversions
c. conflict crimes
d. consensus crimes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
22. Lisa is caught smoking marijuana downtown at the bus shelter while she waits for the bus.
Which type of deviance are her actions characterized as?
a. conflict crime
b. social diversion
c. consensus crime
d. social deviation
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: UNDERSTAND
23. Liam works as a sex trade worker, soliciting customers at a specific corner downtown.
Which type of deviance are his actions characterized as?
a. social diversion
b. social deviation
c. consensus crime
d. conflict crime
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: UNDERSTAND
24. What do we call acts of deviance that are widely believed to be harmful to everyone?
a. social deviations
b. social diversions
c. conflict crimes
d. consensus crimes
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
25. A group of students gathers around a lone female student who has been pushed down and is
receiving a brutal beating from five students. While the beating occurs, other students watch
and record the incident on their phones. Which type of deviance are the five people’s actions
characterized as?
a. social diversion
b. social deviation
c. consensus crime
d. conflict crime
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: UNDERSTAND
26. When Katherine went out on a date with Barry for the first time, he tried to force her into
having sex with him. Which type of deviance are his actions characterized as?
a. social diversion
b. social deviation
c. conflict crime
d. consensus crime
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: UNDERSTAND
28. What kind of deviance are illegal gambling, prostitution, and drug use examples of?
a. self-report crimes
b. dyadic crimes
c. victimless crimes
d. offenderless crimes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
29. Official crime statistics are not regarded as 100 percent accurate because not all crimes get
reported. According to the textbook, what is the other reason crime statistics may be
inaccurate?
a. because enforcement of crimes is subject to political pressure and legal changes
b. because many people do not report crimes to police in a systematic manner, giving
all information
c. because much of the information collected by police is later found to be fabricated
or otherwise untrue
d. because some crimes are not crimes at all but rather are merely acts of deviance
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
30. Martin is a crime researcher who is interested in creating an accurate picture of sexual assault
in Canada, and he is concerned about the inaccuracy of official crime statistics. Which of the
following is the best resource for him to use to get a more accurate picture of sexual assault in
Canada?
a. the Juristat Reporting Survey
b. the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
c. a Health Canada research survey
d. a self-report survey
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: UNDERSTAND
31. Which of the following is believed to compensate for the shortcomings of official crime
statistics?
a. the Juristat Reporting Survey
b. the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey
c. a Health Canada research survey
d. a self-report survey
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
32. In comparison to official crime statistics, how much “less serious crime” is reported using
self-report measures?
a. at last twice as much
b. at least ten times as much
c. approximately half as much
d. approximately the same amount
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
33. In comparison to official crime statistics, how much “serious crime” is reported using
self-report measures?
a. at last twice as much
b. at least ten times as much
c. approximately half as much
d. approximately the same amount
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
34. Approximately what proportion of Canadians have committed some type of crime?
a. Only about one-tenth of Canadians have ever committed some type of crime.
b. About one-third of Canadians have committed some type of crime.
c. About one-half of Canadians have committed some type of crime.
d. The majority of Canadians have committed some type of crime.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
35. In any given year, approximately what percentage of Canadians believe they have been
victimized through a crime?
a. 5 percent
b. 25 percent
c. 45 percent
d. 50 percent
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 164 BLM: REMEMBER
36. Brittany is victimized by a crime and reports the crime to the local police right away. Which
of the following crimes is she most likely to have been victimized by?
a. Someone sexually assaulted her.
b. Someone yelled racist slurs at her.
c. Someone stole her car.
d. Someone stole property from her car.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 165 BLM: UNDERSTAND
37. Which of the following is an accurate reflection of reported crime rates in Canada between
1998 and 2009?
a. It fell sharply in the late 1990s and then levelled off in the 2000s.
b. It rose sharply in the 1990s and then levelled off in the 2000s.
c. It has continued to fall gradually since the late 1990s.
d. It has continued to rise gradually since the late 1990s.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 165 BLM: REMEMBER
38. Which of the following statements best reflects the impact of Canada’s aging population on
crime rates?
a. Crime rates are down because young people today are controlled more than young
people were in the past.
b. Crime is a young person’s pursuit generally and there are fewer young people.
c. The definitions of crime have changed so that acts that are committed by youth
today and thought of as criminal are not thought of as crimes by older people.
d. Older people get away with more crimes than younger people do because they are
suspected less often of committing crimes.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 166 BLM: UNDERSTAND
39. Which of the following does the textbook note is a controversial factor in changing crime
rates?
a. the legalization of abortion
b. the legalization of marijuana
c. the criminalization of insider trading
d. the criminalization of Wall Street and other bankers
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 166 BLM: REMEMBER
40. Which of the following age groups is most prone to committing crimes?
a. 12- to 17-year-olds
b. 15- to 24-year-olds
c. 25- to 34-year-olds
d. 45- to 60-year-olds
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 166 BLM: REMEMBER
41. Based on incarceration data, who is most likely to be sentenced to custody in a prison in
Canada?
a. Seth, a 47-year-old Aboriginal male
b. Robert, a 26-year-old white male
c. Ravina, a 25-year-old Punjabi female
d. Delores, a 19-year-old white female
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 166 BLM: UNDERSTAND
42. Which of the following groups is the most overrepresented in Canadian prisons?
a. South Asian women
b. Aboriginal women
c. white women
d. white men
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: REMEMBER
43. Which of the following terms refers to crimes such as copyright infringement and
embezzlement?
a. street crimes
b. victimless crimes
c. white-collar crimes
d. office crimes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: REMEMBER
44. Which of the following terms refers to crimes such as robbery and assault?
a. street crimes
b. victimless crimes
c. white-collar crimes
d. office crimes
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: REMEMBER
45. Martha Stewart was convicted in 2004 of conspiracy and obstruction of justice. Her crime was
dumping 3900 shares of ImClone stock based on a tip that stock prices were about to
plummet. What type of crime was Martha Stewart found guilty of?
a. a street crime
b. a victimless crime
c. a white-collar crime
d. an office crime
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: UNDERSTAND
46. Lord Conrad Black, a Canadian media mogul, was sentenced in 2007 to 6.5 years in a Florida
prison for fraud totalling $2.9 million in misappropriated funds. What type of crime was Lord
Black found guilty of?
a. a victimless crime
b. a white-collar crime
c. an elite crime
d. a political crime
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: UNDERSTAND
47. Jamie, looking for money for his next heroin fix, breaks into a car and steals a rich woman’s
purse. What type of crime is Jamie guilty of committing?
a. a victimless crime
b. a white-collar crime
c. an elite crime
d. a street crime
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: UNDERSTAND
48. Janis needs money to buy groceries for her children and shoplifts some bread and cheese from
the local grocery store. What type of crime is Janis guilty of committing?
a. a victimless crime
b. a white-collar crime
c. a street crime
d. a crime of passion
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: UNDERSTAND
49. “Zorro,” a local dealer, cooks meth and deals it and other drugs from the basement of his
mother’s home. What type of crime is he guilty of committing?
a. a victimless crime
b. a street crime
c. an act of terrorism
d. a crime of passion
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: UNDERSTAND
50. Which of the following do most people ignore when trying to explain the high levels of
incarceration among certain ethnic groups?
a. inherent racial differences
b. cultural differences in how people view crime
c. social forces such as cultural genocide
d. differences in IQ among certain groups
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: REMEMBER
51. Which of the following people is most likely to be stopped and searched by police while
driving in a Canadian city?
a. Ted, a 35-year-old white executive
b. Blanche, a 45-year-old Asian housewife
c. Carl, a 25-year-old black Ph.D. student
d. Dmitri, an 18-year-old Russian immigrant store clerk
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 167 BLM: UNDERSTAND
52. What does the research on racialization demonstrate with regard to police searches of
vehicles?
a. Police are particularly suspicious of black people who are successful by
conventional cultural standards.
b. Police are especially suspicious of poor South Asian youth who drive expensive
trucks.
c. Police are particularly suspicious of well-to-do white people who drive expensive
vehicles.
d. Police are particularly suspicious of poor, uneducated white people.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 168 BLM: REMEMBER
53. Which sociologist theorized that becoming a deviant is often accomplished through a process
of social learning?
a. Travis Hirschi
b. Steven Spitzer
c. Robert Merton
d. Howard Becker
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 169 BLM: REMEMBER
54. Consider the case of Simon, who is in the process of becoming a regular marijuana user.
According to the social learning theory, which of the following is most likely to happen if
Simon fails to pass a stage of the learning process?
a. He will not become a regular user.
b. He will become a regular user.
c. He will become a user of a different, more serious, substance.
d. He will become opposed to anyone using marijuana.
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 169-170 BLM: REMEMBER
55. According to the social learning theory of deviance, how do people learn to define
unpleasurable deviant acts as pleasurable?
a. by continuing to try the deviant act over and over
b. by trying the deviant act in new settings
c. by being taught how to redefine their experiences
d. by reacting against other’s definitions of their actions as deviant
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 170 BLM: REMEMBER
56. Consider the story of the brutal murder of Pamela George by Alex Ternowetsky and Steven
Kummerfield. What does this case demonstrate?
a. It demonstrates that most people who commit a crime are labelled appropriately,
according to the crime committed.
b. It demonstrates that that people who commit serious crimes, like murder, are
labelled according to their actions, regardless of their social status.
c. It demonstrates that that social status plays a significant role in whether one is
labelled a deviant or not.
d. It demonstrates that that the justice system is almost never skewed in favour of the
victim of a serious crime.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 171 BLM: UNDERSTAND
57. In 2003, former British Columbia Premier Gordon Campbell pled guilty to the misdemeanour
of drinking and driving in Hawaii and was fined $913. Despite pleading guilty to the offence,
Campbell did not have to step down as premier, although Canadian laws state that a person
convicted of a criminal offence may not hold political office. What does this story
demonstrate?
a. It demonstrates that people who commit crimes are labelled as criminals.
b. It demonstrates that people who commit serious crimes, like murder, are labelled
as criminals but people who commit less serious crimes are not.
c. It demonstrates that Campbell is not a criminal.
d. It demonstrates that social status plays a significant role in whether the label of
criminal is applied.
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 171 BLM: UNDERSTAND
58. In the past, people who committed various crimes were paraded through the village and
detained in full view of the public, where villagers could hurl insults and worse at them. From
a functionalist perspective, what purpose did the public nature of this practice serve?
a. maintaining moral boundaries
b. providing an outlet for pent-up societal aggression
c. alerting the public about who the criminals were
d. saving money, as no money was required to build prisons
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 171 BLM: UNDERSTAND
59. Which classical theorist believed that deviance was functional for society?
a. Karl Marx
b. Max Weber
c. Emile Durkheim
d. Harriet Martineau
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 171 BLM: REMEMBER
60. Which of the following theorists developed the strain theory of deviance?
a. Robert Merton
b. Travis Hirschi
c. Howard Becker
d. Steven Spitzer
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: REMEMBER
61. Willie is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor. He wins a full scholarship and
is able to afford university, and he graduates at the top of his class. In strain theory terms,
what is Willie?
a. a ritualist
b. a conformist
c. a retreatist
d. an innovator
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: UNDERSTAND
62. Raj is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor. He does not have good enough
grades to gain entrance to university however, and instead gives up his dream and works a
series of menial jobs for the rest of his life. In strain theory terms, what is Raj?
a. a ritualist
b. a conformist
c. a retreatist
d. a rebel
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: UNDERSTAND
63. Rebecca is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor. She has excellent grades but
has nowhere near the money required for eight years or more of university. She works
part-time at a restaurant but decides to supplement her income by selling drugs to her
co-workers as well. In strain theory terms, what is Rebecca?
a. a ritualist
b. an innovator
c. a retreatist
d. a rebel
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: UNDERSTAND
64. Natasha is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor. She has excellent grades but
does not have the money required for eight years or more of university. She numbs the pain of
having to give up her lifelong dream by abusing alcohol and eventually becomes hooked on
crystal meth, losing all ability to hold any kind of job. In strain theory terms, what is Natasha?
a. a ritualist
b. an innovator
c. a retreatist
d. a rebel
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: UNDERSTAND
65. Christina is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor. She has excellent grades and
wins a scholarship for her university costs. However, in her undergraduate class, she becomes
disillusioned with the medical model and eventually decides that doctors are pawns in the
overall system to keep people unaware of all of the abuses that “the system” is guilty of. She
leaves university and founds a group of people dedicated to exposing “the system’s” lies at all
costs. In strain theory terms, what is Christina?
a. a ritualist
b. an innovator
c. a retreatist
d. a rebel
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: UNDERSTAND
66. According to the textbook, what kind of group are criminals who create their own distinct
norms, values, and codes of behaviour?
a. innovators
b. subcultures
c. group conformists
d. deviant factions
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 172 BLM: REMEMBER
67. According to research, where is the relationship between age, class and crime the strongest?
a. among youth who commit less serious crimes
b. among adults who commit less serious crimes
c. among lower-class adults who commit street crimes
d. among middle-class adults who commit violent crimes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 173 BLM: REMEMBER
68. According to conflict theories, which of the following types of people are most likely to be
criminalized?
a. those who engage in anti-globalization protests
b. those who engage in insider trading
c. those who engage in cutting corners regarding worker safety
d. those who engage in bribing politicians
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 173 BLM: UNDERSTAND
69. In monetary terms, which of the following types of crime likely costs society the most?
a. drug trafficking and other drug-related offences
b. violent crime
c. street crime
d. white-collar crime
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 174 BLM: UNDERSTAND
70. Jackie is concerned about the level of graffiti and vandalism at her school. She wants to target
a crime-prevention program at those most likely to commit these crimes. According to control
theory, whom should she target for her campaign?
a. the female students
b. the religious students
c. the poor students
d. the straight-A students
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 174 BLM: UNDERSTAND
71. According to the textbook, when did social scientists and others begin to recognize crimes
against women like sexual assault?
a. the 1960s
b. the 1970s
c. the 1980s
d. the 1990s
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 175 BLM: REMEMBER
72. According to the textbook, what has increased gender equality resulted in?
a. higher rates of women as victims of crime
b. higher rates of men as victims of crime
c. higher rates of female offenders
d. higher rates of male offenders
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 175 BLM: REMEMBER
74. What type of society do many sociologists believe Canadians now live in?
a. a laissez-faire society
b. a collectivist society
c. an atomized society
d. a surveillance society
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 177 BLM: REMEMBER
75. In preindustrial societies, what is the most likely punishment a person would receive for
murder?
a. life imprisonment
b. capital punishment
c. humiliation
d. exile
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 178 BLM: UNDERSTAND
76. Michael has been imprisoned since the age of 14. Based on what is known about prisons as
agents of socialization, which of the following is the most likely outcome for Michael?
a. life as a career criminal
b. partial reform
c. full reform
d. early death
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 178 BLM: UNDERSTAND
78. Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that if criminals are
imprisoned they will not be free to do more societal harms?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. revenge
d. rehabilitation
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 178-179 BLM: REMEMBER
79. Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that if criminals are
imprisoned they will learn how to become better and more productive members of society?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. revenge
d. rehabilitation
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 178-179 BLM: REMEMBER
80. Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that if criminals
understand that they will lose their freedom if imprisoned, their involvement in criminal acts
will cease?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. revenge
d. rehabilitation
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 178-179 BLM: REMEMBER
81. Which of the following views of punishment is characterized by the idea that criminals should
lose their freedoms and be forced to live in unpleasant conditions?
a. deterrence
b. incapacitation
c. revenge
d. rehabilitation
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 178-179 BLM: REMEMBER
82. Tommy is a young man who has been caught breaking into a home in order to steal
electronics. According to the textbook, in which country does he have the highest probability
of being incarcerated for his actions?
a. Canada
b. United States
c. China
d. Russia
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 179 BLM: UNDERSTAND
83. Benjamin and Maude have been watching the evening news and are alarmed about the
pervasive violence they are seeing. To protect themselves, they get a dog, install a home
security system, and put extra locks on their doors and windows. What do their actions
illustrate?
a. personal protectiveness
b. moral panic
c. deterrence
d. false consciousness
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 180 BLM: UNDERSTAND
84. What is ironic about the fact that a moral panic about crime is occurring in Canada?
a. Most criminals do not prey on people randomly.
b. Criminals are becoming increasingly selective about who their targets will be.
c. The overall crime rate has been decreasing.
d. Violent crimes have been increasing while property crimes have been decreasing.
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 180 BLM: UNDERSTAND
85. Sheldon is mapping out his campaign strategy in his bid to become prime minister of Canada.
According to the textbook, which of the following platforms should he centre his campaign
around in order to have an excellent chance at winning?
a. anti-poverty strategies
b. crime control strategies
c. fair taxation strategies
d. job creation strategies
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 180 BLM: UNDERSTAND
86. Given what is known about capital punishment in the United States, which of the following
would be most likely to receive this sentence if Canada reintroduced the death penalty?
a. a white man who murders a white man
b. a white man who murders an Aboriginal man
c. an Aboriginal man who murders an Aboriginal man
d. an Aboriginal man who murders a white man
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 180-181 BLM: UNDERSTAND
87. What do Guy Paul Morin, David Milgaard, and Donald Marshall have in common?
a. They were all sentenced to the death penalty.
b. They were all wrongfully convicted of murder.
c. They all escaped from federal prison.
d. They are all rehabilitation success stories.
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 181 BLM: REMEMBER
88. Which of the following is the most frequently applied punishment in Canada today?
a. imprisonment
b. community service
c. fines
d. probation
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 181 BLM: REMEMBER
89. Melissa has been sentenced to community service for her crimes instead of imprisonment.
Which of the following terms would be most likely used by critics of these kinds of options
over prison?
a. excarceration
b. incarceration
c. transcarceration
d. procarceration
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 182 BLM: UNDERSTAND
TRUE/FALSE
3. One of John Hagan’s classifications of the various types of deviance and crime is “severity of
response.”
5. White-collar crimes are mostly committed by people from the lower classes.
8. The crime rate for Aboriginals in Canada is the highest of any identifiable group.
9. Labelling theory holds that deviance results not only from the actions of the deviant but also
from the responses of others.
10. The idea that society or social structure exerts pressure upon certain people not to conform is
a central idea of strain theory.
11. Relatively powerful groups can only rarely create norms and laws that suit their interests.
12. A central question of control theorists is: “Why doesn’t everyone engage in deviant
behaviour?”
16. Today, only minors can be recommended for diversionary measures when they commit a
crime.
SHORT ANSWER
1. What is deviance? What makes this question more difficult to answer than it might first
appear?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
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Responses will vary.
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Responses will vary.
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Responses will vary.
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Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
6. Explain what problems are associated with each source of crime statistics that Canada uses.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
7. Describe what social constructionism is and use an example to illustrate how it works.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
10. Describe the controversies over bringing back the death penalty.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
ESSAY
1. Compare and contrast strain and subcultural theories to explain deviance and crime.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
3. Explain what is meant by the term rehabilitation and discuss the effectiveness of
rehabilitation of criminals.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
4. What are the main differences between males and females regarding the crime statistics
reported in the textbook?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
5. How do informal and formal forms of punishment make a stable social life possible?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
6. What is white-collar crime? Explain why so little is heard about it compared to street crimes.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
8. Are “consensus crimes” such as homicide defined identically in all societies at all times? Why
or why not? Defend your position through the use of examples.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
9. Discuss how the high incarceration rate of Aboriginals raises important society-wide issues.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
10. The response of society to crimes against women has changed substantially since the 1970s.
Discuss and analyze these changes.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
11. Compare and contrast white-collar and street crimes. How much does each type of crime cost
society?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
12. What is a moral panic? Why and how does the media generate moral panics in connection
with crime?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
14. You have just been elected prime minister. Your first campaign pledge was to do something
to reduce the rate of crime. Explain what you would do to fulfill this pledge.
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
15. What alternatives are there to prisons? What alternative do you think could perhaps replace
prisons or at least reduce the rate of incarceration for the overall benefit of society?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
16. According to the crime data discussed in the textbook, what evidence supports the claims of
conflict theory?
ANS:
Responses will vary.
PTS: 1
Il lituus era una trombetta più piccola, più dolce e curva, il cornu era
di bufalo, legato in oro, con suono acuto e distinto: così accenna
Seneca nell’Edipo ad entrambi questi istrumenti:
Nei tempi ultimi della republica, Pompeo ai cavalli sostituì gli elefanti,
Marcantonio i leoni, Nerone giumenti ermafroditi, Eliogabalo le tigri,
e Aureliano le renne.
I figli dei trionfatori o stavano sui cavalli del carro trionfale, come
praticò Paolo Emilio, o sovra il carro stesso, o immediatamente
venivano dietro di esso.
Tertulliano poi nota, che uno schiavo sostenesse la corona del
trionfatore e a tratti gli gridasse: Respice post te, hominem esse
memento.
Entrando il trionfatore per la porta Capena, per la quale si andava al
Campidoglio, meta del trionfo, il popolo lo acclamava colle grida Io
triumphe, e la formula del popolare entusiasmo, quasi sacramentale,
è suggellata nelle odi di Orazio, in quella a Giulio Antonio, ne’
seguenti versi: