Operations Management Sustainability

and Supply Chain Management 12th

Edition Heizer Solutions Manual
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 7
C H A P T E R

Process Strategy

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS 7. CIM (computer-integrated manufacturing) in its ideal but

1. Process strategy is the organization’s approach to transform- seldom realized form, ties together computer-aided design (CAD),
ing resources into goods and services. computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), flexible manufacturing sys-
tems (FMS), the necessary automated storage and retrieval systems
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
(ASRS), and movement of materials (automated transfer machines or
AACSB: Application of knowledge automated guided vehicles [AGVs]) to make it all work.
2. LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
Product Likely Process AACSB: Reflective thinking
(a) Beer Product Focused/Continuous 8. In process-control systems sensors collect data; analog
(b) Wedding invitations Process Focused/Job Shop devices read data on a periodic basis; measurements are digitized
(c) Automobiles Modular/Repetitive and transmitted to a computer; data are analyzed; and output is
(d) Paper Product Focused/Continuous presented in various signals, charts, diagrams, messages, etc.
(e) “Big Mac” Modular/Repetitive
(f) Custom Homes Job Shop with components made LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
in Product Focused and Modular AACSB: Reflective thinking
facilities 9. Manufacturing firms in each of the process models:
(g) Motorcycles Modular/Repetitive
 Process focus, your local print shop, or the printing opera-
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies tion at FedEx Office, or a machine shop such as Illinois
AACSB: Application of knowledge Tool Works, Inc.
3. Service blueprinting is a process analysis technique that  Repetitive focus, Harley-Davidson
focuses on the provider’s interaction with the customer.  Product focus, Frito-Lay
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis  Mass customization, Dell Computer
AACSB: Application of knowledge LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
4. Process redesign, or reengineering is the rethinking and AACSB: Application of knowledge
radical design of business processes to bring about dramatic
10. Competitive advantage of manufacturing firms in each of
improvements in performance.
the process models:
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
 Process focus, differentiation, and expertise in each process
AACSB: Application of knowledge area (such as the print operation at FedEx Office, your
5. Techniques for improving service productivity include sepa- local print shop, or the machining competence at Illinois
ration, self-service, postponement, focus, modules, automation, Tool Works, Inc.)
scheduling, and training.  Repetitive focus, rapid response, and efficiency (Harley-
LO 7.4: Describe customer interaction in service processes Davidson)
AACSB: Reflective thinking  Product focus, very low variable cost (Frito-Lay)
6. The four quadrants are:  Mass customization, low cost, rapid response to unique
(1) Mass service (low interaction/customization; high labor customer demands (Dell Computer)
intensity) LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
(2) Professional service (high interaction/customization;
AACSB: Application of knowledge
high labor intensity)
(3) Service factory (low interaction/customization; low 11. Students may find Figures 7.1, 7.2, and 7.8 and the related
labor intensity) discussions helpful with this question. Service firms in each of the
(4) Service shop (high interaction/customization; low labor process models:
intensity)  Process: Your local general-purpose hospital; also most

LO 7.4: Describe customer interaction in service processes construction firms, such as Bechtel
 Repetitive: Fast-food restaurants
AACSB: Application of knowledge

Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 101

102 CHAPTER 7 P R O C E S S S T R A T E G Y
 Product: Shouldice Hospital
 Mass customization: Cafeterias and online stockbrokers,
such as Schwab
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
AACSB: Application of knowledge
12. Competitive advantage of service firms in each process model:
 Process focus for a general-purpose hospital: specialization
of expertise in each hospital discipline, x-ray, physical
therapy, blood lab, etc., by both the technician and
supervision.
 Repetitive focus: High-quality modules as in most fast-food
(very limited menu) restaurants, and law clinics—with the
low cost of the uncontested divorce.
 Product focus: Shouldice Hospital, Southwest Airlines, and
online stockbrokers may be good examples of low-cost
advantage.
 Mass customization: Per the text, McDonald’s is trying this
in a limited way. Charles Schwab seems to be effective at
this in the financial services areas. They seek competitive
advantage via low cost and high customization.
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
AACSB: Application of knowledge
13. Numerically controlled machinery means the equipment is
computer controlled via programming languages. As an added
note, machinery with its own programmable computer is some-
times called computer numerically controlled (CNC), implying
that there is computer memory at the machine. Machines that are
wired to a central machine are called direct numerically controlled
(DNC) machines.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Application of knowledge
14. In an automatic identification system (AIS), bar codes, radio
frequency (RF) signals, and optical signals improve both accuracy
and speed of data entry contributing to productivity. For instance,
costs are reduced because clerks spend less time keying in prices
and quantities and do so with fewer errors. New services are being
developed as these systems collect more information about
customer behavior.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Application of knowledge
15. Technological advances include numeric control, process
control, vision systems, robots, automated storage and retrieval
systems, automated guided vehicles, flexible manufacturing
systems, and computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM).
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Application of knowledge
16. FMS is a system that uses electronic signals from a centralized
computer to automate production and material flow. A flexible man-
ufacturing system (FMS) usually refers to the manufacturing element
(a subsystem) within a larger computer-integrated manufacturing
(CIM) system. A CIM includes elements of computer-aided design,
computer-aided engineering, computer-aided drafting, production,
inventory control, etc., as well as flexible manufacturing systems.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
17. CAD data generates design data, but can also generate
instructions for NC machines. If the NC machines are connected
(integrated) with other NC machines and material handling
equipment such as AGVs or conveyors or other transfer machines,
the entire system is considered a flexible manufacturing system.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Application of knowledge
18. Additive manufacturing adds material (rather than removing
it) to produce products. This is typically done by building parts
layer by layer with semi-liquid materials. Additive manufacturing
is being used for design testing, to build prototypes, for custom
products, and increasingly for high volume production.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
19. The advantages of 3D printing (additive manufacturing)
include the ability to produce complex products that traditionally
might consist of several parts. This often results in lower cost and
a minimum of tooling and assembly. This fast, low-cost produc-
tion may allow fast response to customer orders and lower inven-
tory in the supply chain.
Disadvantages include all of the start-up problems one would
expect from a radically new technology, including frequent design
changes and reliability problems. Additionally, the raw material as
well as final products made in this manner have little or no history
as to strength, durability, and design functionality; therefore,
engineering guidelines must be established.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Reflective thinking
ETHICAL DILEMMA
For a nice class discussion exercise, all you need is an animal
rights advocate to really get things going. Most students will agree
that this is not a nice way to treat animals.
However, to get things in perspective, you might point out that
much egg production is also handled this way with chickens in small
cages, and although we do not put steers in cages, we do confine
them to feedlots, and most bulls become steers. The advantage to
society is that food (pork in this example) is prepared very economi-
cally, bringing lower-cost food and some protein to those who might
not otherwise be able to afford it. (Lack of protein is a contributor to
limited mental development.) The violence reaped upon animals in
the food chain is not confined to what homo sapiens do to hogs.
Animals reap violence on others in their food chain.
Virtually all of those cows grazing peacefully in pastures and
chickens looking quaint in farmyards will come to a violent end.
That violent end is often why the investment is made in them.
The alternatives are expensive; we don’t even take very good
care of many animals in zoos.
ACTIVE MODEL EXERCISE
ACTIVE MODEL 7.1: Crossover Chart
1. Suppose Kleber Enterprises wants to lower the point of indif-
ference between Software A and Software B to 2,000 units. What
would the Fixed costs need to be for Software B?
$270,000
 CHAPTER 7 PROCESS STRATEGY 103

2. Examine the graph. If the expected volume is 1,500 reports, 2.18x = 15,000
which process should be used? x = 6,881 = the exact quantity at the crossover point
Software A 7.6 (a)
3. Examine the graph. If the expected volume is 15,000 reports,
At 4,000 Units
which process should be used?
(arbitrary
Software C Units At 0 Units number)
4. As the fixed costs for developing Software B drop, what (A) Y = 800 + 1.10x 800 $5,200 Refurbish
happens to the graph? (B) Y = 1,100 + 0.70x 1,100 $3,900 Modify
The cost line for B drops and the area between the break- (C) Y = 1,800 + 0.4x 1,800 $3,400 New
even points for B widens. There is a wider range of volume
A
over which Software B is the best choice. $5,000

END-OF-CHAPTER PROBLEMS (problems with # 4,000 B

symbols are not in MyOMLab) C
3,000
7.1 GPE’s total cost = $3,100,000 = [($15  200,000)
+ $100,000] 2,000
2,333 units
FMS’s total cost = $3,000,000 = [($14  200,000)
+ $200,000] 1,000 750 units
DM’s total cost = $3,100,000 = [($13  200,000)
+ $500,000] 0
0 1,000 2,000 3,000
The total cost for the flexible manufacturing system is lowest. Units
7.2 15x + 100,000 = 14x + 200,000. Therefore,
(b) At 3,000 boards, costs are:
x = 100,000
Plan A: 800 + (1.10)(3,000) = $4,100
14x + 200,000 = 13x + 500,000. Therefore,
Plan B: 1,100 + (.70)(3,000) = $3,200
x = 300,000
Plan C: 1,800 + (.40)(3,000) = $3,000
GPE is best below 100,000.
FMS is best between 100,000 and 300,000. So, at 3,000 boards, plan C is the low-cost plan.
DM is best over 300,000. (c) Crossover points:
7.3 Based on the solution to Problem 7.2, First, 800 + 1.10x = 1,100 + .70x
at 75,000 units, use GPE .40x = 300
at 275,000 units, use FMS x = 750
at 375,000 units, use DM Second, 1,100 + .70x = 1,800 + .40x
7.4 The optimum process will change at 100,000 units and .30x = 700
300,000 units, as shown in Problem 7.2. If total units are 600,000 x = 2,333
(3 years  200,000), then DM has the lowest cost.
So, between 1,000 and 2,000 boards, plan B is best.
7.5 (a) Values to aid in plotting the graph below:
7.7 Expected rooms rented: 50  365 = 18,250.
Units Stan’s Costs Salt Lake Supply Costs Current: Fixed cost = $61,000
0 15,000 0 Variable cost = $12.50
10,000 18,200 + 15,000 40,000 Outsourcing: Fixed cost = $25,000
Variable cost = $18.50
61,000 + (12.50)x = $25,000 + (18.50)x
36,000 = 6x
30,000
6,000 = x = crossover point in room
6,881 nights
15,000 Since Tim expects to rent 18,250 rooms, he should not
outsource the cleanup.
7.8 CAD software decision.
0 3 6 9 (5)($3,000) + $200x = (6)($2,000) + $240x
Qty (1,000s)
$15,000 + $200x = $12,000 + $240x
(b) At 6,881 gears, either choice would have the same cost 3,000 = 40x
(indifference point) 75 = x = crossover in no. of drawings
4x = 15,000 + 1.82x
Since the projected volume of 80 is above the crossover
4x – 1.82x = 15,000 point, he should rent the HP software.

Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

104 CHAPTER 7 P R O C E S S S T R A T E G Y

7.9 (a) Find break-even points, X. 7.10 (a) $85,000 + $1.25x = $44,000 + $1.75x
Mass customization: 1,260,000 + 60X = 120X  X = 21,000 x = 82,000 units
Intermittent: 1,000,000 + 70X = 120X  X = 20,000 (b) 60,000  $2.50 – [($1.25  60,000) + $85,000]
Repetitive: 1,625,000 + 55X = 120X  X = 25,000 Loss of $10,000
Continuous: 1,960,000 + 50X = 120X  X = 28,000 (c) 60,000  $2.50 – [($1.75  60,000) + $44,000]
Find least-cost process at X = 24,000 units. Profit of $1,000.
Fixed cost VC Units 7.11 (a) $ 75,000 + $16x = $60,000 + $20x
Mass customization: 1,260,000 + 60(24,000) = 2,700,000 x = 3,750 units
Intermittent: 1,000,000 + 70(24,000) = 2,680,000 (b) Machine A is preferable above 3,750 units
Repetitive: 1,625,000 + 55(24,000) = 2,945,000 (c) Machine B is preferable below 3,750 units
Continuous: 1,960,000 + 50(24,000) = 3,160,000 7.12 (a) $65,000 + $10x = $34,000 + $14x
Least-cost process: Intermittent process x = 7,750
(b) Proposal A is preferable. (Above a volume of 7,750,
24,
 000
 > 20,

 000?
 Yes. proposal A should be chosen.)
Anticipated Intermittent
production process
volume break-even point 7.13# (a) A fun topic, as students will add a lot of waiting. Flow
(b) Annual profit using intermittent process: is, of course, dependent upon the school but usually in-
$[120(24,000) – 2,680,000] = $200,000 cludes the following:
The intermittent process will maximize profit.
Annual profit: $200,000

(b) Flow diagram for a car wash:

(c) Flow diagram for a shoe shine (customer perspective, a very

different diagram would be prepared for the operator):

Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 CHAPTER 7 PROCESS STRATEGY 105

7.14

7.15 Time function map of a shoe shine:

7.16# A service blueprint for a shoe shine. (For a discussion of this

particular application, see G.L. Shostack “Designing Services that
Deliver,” Harvard Business Review 62, no. 1, (Jan.–Feb. 1984):
133–139.)

Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

106 CHAPTER 7 P R O C E S S S T R A T E G Y

7.17# Using the value stream map, Figure 7.6, as a starting point, VIDEO CASE STUDIES
analyze the opportunity for improvement and develop an improved
process.
Remove inventory, improve throughput by reducing setup, 1 PROCESS STRATEGY AT WHEELED COACH
reduce lot sizes, use pull techniques, and focus on only activities A 7-minute video filmed specifically for this text and case is
the customer is willing to pay for. Possible improvements include available in MyOMLab.
(1) driving the lot size down to 500 and trying to lower it even 1. The major auto companies are not in the custom design busi-
more if the supplier and shipping can do so efficiently; (2) getting ness, and ambulance volume is small compared with the
more frequent shipments from supplier, perhaps twice a week or volume of the big three U.S. auto manufacturers.
even each day; (3) shipping smaller lots; and (4) implementing a
LO 7.2: Compute crossover points for different processes
work cell that performs the machine, component mount, assemble,
test, and pack function on a one-piece-flow basis. AACSB: Analytical thinking
2. The traditional way to build specialized custom products such
CASE STUDY as autos was for the work to stand still and to bring the mate-
ROCHESTER MANUFACTURING’S PROCESS rial and parts to the workstation.
DECISION LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
1. As a production manager for RMC, what do you recommend? AACSB: Application of knowledge
Why? 3. It is more efficient to prepare work modules and then deliver
As production manager, you believe that the inherent them to the assembly line than it would be to produce the
advantages of an FMS should tilt the scales in favor of FMS. components on the line because of all of the advantages of
Your management task should be easier and therefore better work cells. Work cells can be designed around the modules
because those parts of your workday that are related to (upholstery, wiring, or cabinetry work) with the necessary
scheduling, manpower, maintenance, and housekeeping supplies, talents, and machinery located in that particular
should require less direction and be easier to control. You “module.” Then the employees become experienced in those
would be inclined to ask the “numbers people” to be sure modules and the customized modules can be delivered to the
they included all of these relatively minor shop floor issues line as needed.
in the decision.
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Application of knowledge
AACSB: Analytical thinking
4. Management sets high expectations for quality and provides
2. Prepare a case by a conservative plant manager for main- an extensive in-house training program to ensure the proper
taining the status quo until the returns are more obvious. talent is available. Because custom products require unique
A conservative plant manager may well be the individual in labor standards, they are set for each module and assembly
the decision-making process who is asked about the return area to ensure that the work at each station can be accom-
on investment. ROI may be largely the plant manager’s plished in the time allocated. Absentees, tardiness, and special
responsibility. If the numbers do not support change, then talents can play havoc with such a system.
don’t do it. Additionally, the trauma of change in layout,
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
training, and acceptance by workers contains numerous
hidden costs. Consequently, the plant manager may have a AACSB: Analytical thinking
strong case for the status quo.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Analytical thinking
3. Prepare the case for an optimistic sales manager who sug-
gests that you should move ahead with the FMS now.
The optimistic sales manager’s case is that improved deliv-
ery time (i.e., improved throughput) and improved quality
may well yield a higher market share, which, if the company
is already above break-even, is great for profitability, and
hence ROI will be higher than projected (sales growth is not
typically included in ROI computations). Additionally, the
management task is easier (i.e., fewer machines to maintain,
fewer people to supervise), and additional floor space will be
available when needed.
LO 7.5: Identify recent advances in production technology
AACSB: Analytical thinking

Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

 CHAPTER 7 PROCESS STRATEGY 107

2 ALASKA AIRLINES 20-MINUTE BAGGAGE PROCESS—GUARANTEED!

An 8-minute video filmed specifically for this text and case is available in MyOMLab.
1.

To respective cart and appropriate plane

LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Application of knowledge

2. There are virtually no processes that should not be examined.

This is true not just for the operations area where processes in the
10 decision areas can be examined, but other functional areas as
well. This includes areas such as marketing, sales, finance, and
capital expenditures. Establishing, examining, and improving
processes can solve a multitude of problems and be a major con-
tributor to both effectiveness and efficiency. Specific OM areas at
Alaska Airlines for process analysis would include passenger
boarding, cleaning planes between flights, loading food and
drinks, moving bags between connecting flights (“hot bags”), etc.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Application of knowledge
3. The kiosk process moves the ticketing and tagging processes to
the customer. This, of course, adds customer competence and
interaction issues to the check-in process, but also has the poten-
tial to reduce personnel costs for the airline.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Application of knowledge
4. Alaska Airlines uses speed, the 20-minute guarantee, as one
critical measure, as well as the number of lost bags, number of
damaged bags, and number of bags that are rejected by TSA.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
ACSB: Application of knowledge
5. The scanners use the bar code tag on each bag to route and
track the bag. Only via bar code do bags wend their way through
the automated system to the correct pier and cart.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Application of knowledge
Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
3 PROCESS ANALYSIS AT ARNOLD PALMER
HOSPITAL
A 7-minute video filmed specifically for this text and case is
available in MyOMLab.
1. As Diane’s new assistant, you need to flowchart this process.
Explain how the process might be improved once you have
completed the chart.
Managers (and students) have a variety of options at their
disposal for preparing flowcharts. These include:
 Traditional flowcharts, which show a process with annotated
boxes and interconnected lines. (See the Harley-Davidson
flowchart in the Global Company Profile that opens Chapter
7 in the text.)
 Value stream mapping, similar to traditional flowcharting
but adds customers and suppliers (Figure 7.6 in text).
 Time-function mapping, a flow diagram with time added
on the horizontal axis (Figure 7.4 in text).
 Process charts, which use symbols to map the flow of
people or materials (Figure 7.5 in text).
 Service blueprinting, which focuses on the customer and
interaction with the customer (Figure 7.7 in text).
The chart on the next page is a version of a traditional flow chart
for the flow of maternity patients.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Analytical thinking
108 CHAPTER 7 P R O C E S S S T R A T E G Y
Flowchart for Arnold Palmer case study.
2. If the mother is scheduled for a Caesarean-section birth
(i.e., the baby is removed from the womb surgically), how would
this flowchart change?
See Step 7 of the flowchart for Question 1, on next page.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Application of knowledge
3. If all mothers were electronically (or manually) preregistered,
how would the flowchart change? Redraw the chart to show
your changes.
Dispense with Step 2b.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
4. Describe in detail a process that the hospital could analyze
besides the one mentioned in this case.
Many options are available to the student, including the hundreds
of processes charted by hospital staff such as: forms needed under
various situations, vacated room turnaround, admissions, invento-
ry, delivery of foodservice, and information requirements (for the
patient and information from the patient). See the “Maternal and
Newborn Required Information...” figure below for an example of
how to document information requirements.
LO 7.3: Use the tools of process analysis
AACSB: Analytical thinking
 CHAPTER 7 PROCESS STRATEGY 109

ADDITIONAL CASE STUDY

(available in MyOMLab)
MATTHEW YACHTS, INC.
This is an excellent case to address the characteristics of process-
oriented vs. repetitive vs. product-oriented production.
1. Matthew Yachts is profitable, thanks to its custom-designed
yachts. Its management experience appears to have yielded a
competitive advantage in custom-designed yachts, hence the
higher profit margins. However, since the demand for the
“fixed” design is growing, expansion into this area, with its
repetitive-oriented layout and procedures (see Table 7.2 and
Figures 7.1 and 7.2 in text), may be warranted.
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
AACSB: Analytical thinking

2. Establishing a separate facility with its own labor force, cost-

ing, and procedures may be a good move. Particularly if this
can be done at a low production level that will allow mainte-
nance of production even in periods of recession (or high
federal luxury taxes).
LO 7.1: Describe four process strategies
AACSB: Analytical thinking

Copyright ©2017 Pearson Education, Inc.

Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
 THE RIVALS
By Paul Laurence Dunbar

’Twas three an’ thirty year ago,

When I was ruther young, you know,
I had my last an’ only fight
About a gal one summer night.
’Twas me an’ Zekel Johnson; Zeke
’N’ me ’d be’n spattin’ ’bout a week,
Each of us tryin’ his best to show
That he was Liza Jones’s beau.
We couldn’t neither prove the thing,
Fur she was fur too sharp to fling
One over fur the other one
An’ by so doin’ stop the fun
That we chaps didn’t have the sense
To see she got at our expense.
But that’s the way a feller does,
Fur boys is fools an’ allus was;
An’ when they’s females in the game
I reckon men’s about the same.
Well, Zeke an’ me went on that way
An’ fussed an’ quarreled day by day;
While Liza, mindin’ not the fuss,
Jest kep’ a-goin’ with both of us,
Tell we pore chaps, that’s Zeke an’ me,
Was jest plum mad with jealousy.
Well, fur a time we kep’ our places,
An’ only showed by frownin’ faces
An’ looks ’at well our meanin’ boded
How full o’ fight we both was loaded.
At last it come, the thing broke out,
An’ this is how it come about.
One night (’twas fair, you’ll all agree)
I got Eliza’s company,
An’ leavin’ Zekel in the lurch,
Went trottin’ off with her to church.
An’ jest as we had took our seat,
(Eliza lookin’ fair an’ sweet),
Why, I jest couldn’t help but grin
When Zekel come a-bouncin’ in
As furious as the law allows.
He’d jest be’n up to Liza’s house,
To find her gone, then come to church
To have this end put to his search.
I guess I laffed that meetin’ through,
An’ not a mortal word I knew
Of what the preacher preached er read
Er what the choir sung er said.
Fur every time I’d turn my head
I couldn’t skeercely help but see
’At Zekel had his eye on me.
An’ he ’ud sort o’ turn an’ twist
An’ grind his teeth an’ shake his fist.
I laughed, fur la! the hull church seen us,
An’ knowed that suthin’ was between us.
Well, meetin’ out, we started hum,
I sorter feelin’ what would come.
We’d jest got out, when up stepped Zeke,
An’ said, “Scuse me, I’d like to speak
To you a minute.” “Cert,” said I—
A-nudgin’ Liza on the sly
An’ laughin’ in my sleeve with glee,
I asked her, please, to pardon me.
We walked away a step er two,
Jest to git out o’ Liza’s view,
An’ then Zeke said, “I want to know
Ef you think you’re Eliza’s beau,
An’ ’at I’m goin’ to let her go
Hum with sich a chap as you?”
An’ I said bold, “You bet I do.”
Then Zekel, sneerin’, said ’at he
Didn’t want to hender me,
But then he ’lowed the gal was his
An’ ’at he guessed he knowed his biz,
An’ wasn’t feared o’ all my kin
With all my friends an’ chums throwed in.
Some other things he mentioned there
That no born man could no ways bear
Er think o’ ca’mly tryin’ to stan’
Ef Zeke had be’n the bigges’ man
In town, an’ not the leanest runt
’At time an’ labor ever stunt.
An’ so I let my fist go “bim.”
I thought I’d mos’ nigh finished him.
But Zekel didn’t take it so.
He jest ducked down an’ dodged my blow
An’ then come back at me so hard,
I guess I must ’a’ hurt the yard,
Er spilet the grass plot where I fell,
An’ sakes alive it hurt me; well,
It wouldn’t be’n so bad you see,
But he jest kep’ a-hittin’ me.
An’ I hit back an’ kicked an’ pawed,
But ’t seemed ’twas mostly air I clawed,
While Zekel used his science well
A-makin’ every motion tell.
He punched an’ hit, why, goodness lands,
Seemed like he had a dozen hands.
Well, afterwhile, they stopped the fuss,
An’ some one kindly parted us.
All beat an’ cuffed an’ clawed an’ scratched,
An’ needin’ both our faces patched,
Each started hum a different way;
An’ what o’ Liza, do you say,
Why, Liza—little humbug—darn her,
Why, she’d gone home with Hiram Turner.

—Copyright by Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, and used by special
arrangement.
 THE FIRST FURROW
By James J. Montague

Don’t you ever feel a yearnin’, ’long about this time o’ year,
For a robin’s song to tell you that the summer time is near?
Don’t you ever sort o’ hanker for the blackbird’s whistlin’ call,
Echoin’ through the hillside orchard, where the blossoms used to
fall?
Don’t you wish that you were out there, breathin’ in the April air,
Full o’ glad an’ careless boyhood, an’ with strength an’ health to
spare?
Don’t it hurt you to remember, when the springtime comes around,
How the first, long, rollin’ furrow used to wake the sleepy ground?

How’d you like to take the children, born to dirty city streets,
Out to where the brook goes pulsin’ when the heart o’ nature beats?
How’d you like to watch ’em wonder at the boomin’ of the bees,
Or to see ’em dodge the petals that are snowin’ from the trees?
How’d you like to see their faces catch the color o’ the rose,
As they raced across the meadow where the earliest crocus grows?
Wouldn’t it be joy to watch ’em follow on behind the plow,
As it cut the first brown furrow, like it’s doin’ out there now?

SUNSHINE
By Fred Emerson Brooks

Some people have the sunshine,

While others have the rain;
But God don’t change the weather
Because the folks complain.
Don’t waste your time in grumbling,
Nor wrinkle up your brow;
Some other soul has trouble,
Most likely has it now.

When nature lies in shadow,

 On damp and cloudy days,
Don’t blame the sun, good people,
But loan a few bright rays.
The sun is always shining
Above the misty shroud,
And if your world be murky,
The fault lies in the cloud.

Take sunshine to your neighbor,

In all you do and say;
Have sunshine in your labor,
And sunshine in your play.
Where’er the storm-cloud lowers,
Take in the sunlight glow,
And Heaven will show what flowers
From seeds of kindness grow.

—Copyright by Forbes & Co., Chicago, and used by kind

permission of author and publisher.

“CICELY”
ALKALI STATION
By Bret Harte

Cicely says you’re a poet: maybe; I ain’t much on rhyme:

I reckon you’d give me a hundred, and beat me every time.
Poetry!—that’s the way some chaps puts up an idee,
But I takes mine “straight without sugar,” and that’s what’s the matter
with me.

Poetry!—just look round you,—alkali, rock, and sage;

Sage-brush, rock, and alkali; ain’t it a pretty page!
Sun in the east at mornin’, sun in the west at night,
And the shadow of this ’yer station the on’y thing moves in sight.

Poetry!—Well now—Polly! Polly run to your mam;

Run right away, my pooty! By by! Ain’t she a lamb?
Poetry!—that reminds me o’ suthin’ right in that suit:
Jest shet that door thar, will yer?—for Cicely’s ears is cute.

Ye noticed Polly,—the baby? A month afore she was born,

Cicely—my old woman—was moody-like and forlorn;
Out of her head and crazy, and talked of flowers and trees;
Family man yourself, sir? Well, you know what a woman be’s.

Narvous she was, and restless,—said that she “couldn’t stay,”

Stay,—and the nearest woman seventeen miles away.
But I fixed it up with the doctor, and he said he would be on hand,
And I kinder stuck by the shanty, and fenced in that bit o’ land.

One night,—the tenth of October,—I woke with a chill and fright,

For the door it was standing open, and Cicely warn’t in sight,
But a note was pinned on the blanket, which said that she “couldn’t
stay,”
But had gone to visit her neighbor,—seventeen miles away.

When and how she stampeded, I didn’t wait for to see,

For out in the road, next minit, I started as wild as she:
Running first this way and that way, like a hound that is off the scent,
For there warn’t no track in the darkness to tell me the way she went.

I’ve had some mighty mean moments afore I kem to this spot,—
Lost on the plains in ’50, drowned almost, and shot;
But out on this alkali desert, a hunting a crazy wife,
Was ra’ly as on-satis-factory as anything in my life.

“Cicely! Cicely! Cicely!” I called, and I held my breath,

And “Cicely!” came from the canyon,—and all was as still as death.
And “Cicely! Cicely! Cicely!” came from the rocks below,
And jest but a whisper of “Cicely!” down from them peaks of snow.

I ain’t what you call religious,—but I jest looked up to the sky,

And—this ’yer’s to what I’m coming, and maybe ye think I lie:
But up away to the east’ard, yaller and big and far,
I saw of a suddent rising the singlerist kind of star.
Big and yaller and dancing, it seemed to beckon to me:
Yaller and big and dancing, such as you never see:
Big and yaller and dancing,—I never saw such a star,
And I thought of them sharps in the Bible, and I went for it then and
thar.

Over the brush and bowlders I stumbled and pushed ahead:

Keeping the star afore me, I went wharever it led.
It might hev been for an hour, when suddent and peart and nigh,
Out of the yearth afore me thar riz up a baby’s cry.

Listen! thar’s the same music; but her lungs they are stronger now
Than the day I packed her and her mother,—I’m derned if I jest know
how.
But the doctor kem the next minit, and the joke o’ the whole thing is
That Cis. never knew what happened from that very night to this!

But Cicely says you’re a poet, and maybe you might, some day,
Jest sling her a rhyme ’bout a baby that was born in a curious way,
And see what she says; but, old fellow, when you speak of the star,
don’t tell
As how ’twas the doctor’s lantern,—for maybe ’twon’t sound so well.

—Copyright by Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston, and used by their

kind permission.

AN ORDER FOR A PICTURE

By Alice Cary

O good painter, tell me true,

Has your hand the cunning to draw
Shapes of things that you never saw?
Ay? Well, here is an order for you.

Woods and cornfields, a little brown,—

The picture must not be over-bright,—
Yet all in the golden and gracious light
Of a cloud, when the summer sun is down.

Alway and alway, night and morn,

Woods upon woods, with fields of corn
Lying between them, not quite sere,
And not in the full thick, leafy bloom,
When the wind can hardly find breathing-room
Under their tassels,—cattle near,
Biting shorter the short green grass,
And a hedge of sumach and sassafras,
With bluebirds twittering all around,—
(Ah, good painter, you can’t paint sound)—
These and the house where I was born,
Low and little, and black and old,
With children, many as it can hold,
All at the windows, open wide,—
Heads and shoulders clear outside,
And fair young faces all ablush:
Perhaps you may have seen, some day,
Roses crowding the selfsame way,
Out of a wilding, wayside bush.
Listen closer. When you have done
With woods and cornfields and grazing herds,
A lady, the loveliest ever the sun
Looked down upon, you must paint for me;
Oh, if I only could make you see
The clear blue eyes, the tender smile,
The sovereign sweetness, the gentle grace,
The woman’s soul, and the angel’s face
That are beaming on me all the while!—
I need not speak these foolish words:
Yet one word tells you all I would say,—
She is my mother: you will agree
That all the rest may be thrown away.

Two little urchins at her knee

You must paint, sir: one like me,—
 The other with a clearer brow,
And the light of his adventurous eyes
Flashing with boldest enterprise:
At ten years old he went to sea,—
God knoweth if he be living now,—
He sailed in the good ship Commodore,—
Nobody ever crossed her track
To bring us news, and she never came back.
Ah, ’tis twenty long years and more
Since that old ship went out of the bay
With my great-hearted brother on her deck;
I watched him till he shrank to a speck,
And his face was toward me all the way.
Bright his hair was, a golden brown,
The time we stood at our mother’s knee:
That beauteous head, if it did go down,
Carried sunshine into the sea.

Out in the fields one summer night

We were together, half afraid
Of the corn leaves rustling, and of the shade
Of the high hills, stretching so far and still,—
Loitering till after the low little light
Of the candle shone through the open door,
And over the haystack’s pointed top,
All of a tremble, and ready to drop,
The first half-hour, the great yellow star
That we with staring, ignorant eyes,
Had often and often watched to see
Propped and held in its place in the skies
By the fork of a tall, red mulberry tree,
Which close in the edge of our flax-field grew,—
Dead at the top—just one branch full
Of leaves, notched round, and lined with wool,
From which it tenderly shook the dew
Over our heads, when we came to play
In its handbreadth of shadow, day after day:—
 Afraid to go home, sir; for one of us bore
A nest full of speckled and thin-shelled eggs,—
The other, a bird held fast by the legs,
Not so big as a straw of wheat:
The berries we gave her she wouldn’t eat,
But cried and cried, till we held her bill,
So slim and shining, to keep her still.

ONE, TWO, THREE

By Henry C. Bunner

It was an old, old, old, old lady,

And a boy who was half-past three,
And the way that they played together
Was beautiful to see.

She couldn’t go running and jumping,

And the boy, no more could he;
For he was a thin little fellow,
With a thin little twisted knee.

They sat in the yellow sunlight,

Out under the maple tree;
And the game that they played I’ll tell you,
Just as it was told to me.

It was hide-and-go-seek they were playing,

Though you’d never have known it to be—
With an old, old, old, old lady,
And a boy with a twisted knee.

The boy would bend his face down

On his one little sound right knee,
And he’d guess where she was hiding,
In guesses One, Two, Three.

“You are in the china closet!”

 He would cry, and laugh with glee.
It wasn’t the china closet;
But he still had Two and Three.

“You are up in papa’s big bedroom,

In the chest with the queer old key!”
And she said: “You are warm and warmer;
But you’re not quite right,” said she.

“It can’t be the little cupboard

Where Mamma’s things used to be,
So it must be the clothespress, Gran’ma!”
And he found her with his Three.

Then she covered her face with her fingers,

That were wrinkled and white and wee,
And she guessed where the boy was hiding,
With a One and a Two and a Three.

And they never had stirred from their places,

Right under the maple tree—
This old, old, old, old lady,
And the boy with a lame little knee;
This dear, dear, dear old lady,
And the boy who was half-past three.

RECIPROCITY
By H. Bedford-Jones

Would you have men play square with you,

Play fair with you, and bear with you
In all the little weaknesses so easy to condemn?
Then simply try to do the same—
Hold up your head and play the game,
And when the others are to blame
Be sure to bear with them!
Would you have men, when new to you,
 Be true to you and do to you
The things that faith and brother-love and nothing else impel?
Then give them faith and brother-love
And set sincerity above
All other things—and it will prove
That you have builded well!

THE YOUNG TRAMP

By Chas. F. Adams

Hello, thar, stranger! Whar yer frum?

Come in and make yerself ter hum!
We’re common folks, ain’t much on style;
Come in and stop a little while;
’Twon’t do no harm ter rest yer some.

Youngster, yer pale, and don’t look well!

What, way from Bosting? Naow, dew tell!
Why, that’s a hundred mile or so;
What started yer, I’d like ter know,
On sich a tramp; got goods ter sell?

No home, no friends? Naow that’s too bad!

Wall, cheer up, boy, and don’t be sad,—
Wife, see what yer can find ter eat,
And put the coffee on ter heat,—
We’ll fix yer up all right, my lad.

Willing ter work, can’t git a job,

And not a penny in yer fob?
Wall, naow, that’s rough, I dew declare!
What, tears? Come, youngster, I can’t bear
Ter see yer take on so, and sob.

How came yer so bad off, my son?

Father was killed? ’Sho’; whar? Bull Run?
Why, I was in that scrimmage, lad,
And got used up, too, pretty bad;
I shan’t forgit old ’sixty-one!

So yer were left in Bosting, hey!

A baby when he went away?
Those Bosting boys were plucky, wife,
Yer know one of ’em saved my life,
Else I would not be here to-day.

’Twas when the “Black Horse Cavalcade”

Swept down on our small brigade,
I got the shot that made me lame,
When down on me a trooper came,
And this ’ere chap struck up his blade.

Poor feller! He was stricken dead;

The trooper’s sabre cleaved his head.
Joe Billings was my comrade’s name,
He was a Bosting boy, and game!
I almost wished I’d died, instead.

Why, lad! what makes yer tremble so?

Your father! what, my comrade Joe?
And you his son? Come ter my heart.
My home is yours; I’ll try in part,
Ter pay his boy the debt I owe.

HULLO!
By Sam Walter Foss

When you see a man in woe,

Walk straight up and say, “Hullo!”
Say “Hullo!” and “How d’ye do?
How’s the world been using you?”
Slap the fellow on his back,
Bring your hand down with a whack!
Waltz straight up and don’t go slow,
Shake his hand and say “Hullo!”

Is he clothed in rags? Oh, ho.

Walk straight up and say “Hullo!”
Rags are but a cotton roll
Just for wrapping up a soul;
And a soul is worth a true
Hale and hearty “How d’ye do?”
Don’t wait for the crowd to go.
Walk straight up and say “Hullo!”

When big vessels meet, they say,

They salute and sail away;
Just the same as you and me,
Lonely ships upon the sea,
Each one sailing his own jog
For a port beyond the fog;
Let your speaking trumpet blow,
Lift your horn and cry, “Hullo!”

Say “Hullo!” and “How d’ye do?”

Other folks are good as you.
When you leave your house of clay,
Wandering in the far away,
When you travel through the strange
Country far beyond the range,
Then the souls you’ve cheered will know
Who you be, and say “Hullo!”

COLUMBUS
By Arthur Hugh Clough

How in heaven’s name did Columbus get over,

Is a pure wonder to me, I protest,
Cabot, and Raleigh, too, that well-read rover,
Frobisher, Dampier, Drake, and the rest;
 Bad enough all the same,
For them that after came;
But in great heaven’s name,
How he should think
That on the other brink
Of this wild waste, terra firma should be,
Is a pure wonder, I must say, to me.

How a man should ever hope to get thither,

E’en if he knew that there was another side;
But to suppose he should come any whither,
Sailing straight on into chaos untried,
In spite of the motion,
Across the whole ocean,
To stick to the notion
That in some nook or bend
Of a sea without end,
He should find North and South America,
Was a pure madness, indeed, I must say.

What if wise men had, as far back as Ptolemy,

Judged that the earth like an orange was round,
None of them ever said, Come along, follow me,
Sail to the West, and the East will be found.
Many a day before
Ever they’d come ashore
Sadder and wiser men,
They’d have turned back again;
And that he did not, but did cross the sea,
Is a pure wonder, I must say, to me.

—Copyright by Macmillan & Co., New York, and used by

arrangement.

THE USUAL WAY

Anonymous
There was once a little man, and his rod and line he took,
For he said, “I’ll go a-fishing in the neighboring brook.”
And it chanced a little maiden was walking out that day,
And they met—in the usual way.

Then he sat down beside her, and an hour or two went by,
But still upon the grassy brink his rod and line did lie;
“I thought,” she shyly whispered, “you’d be fishing all the day!”
And he was—in the usual way.

So he gravely took his rod in hand and threw the line about,
But the fish perceived distinctly he was not looking out;
And he said, “Sweetheart, I love you,” but she said she could not
stay,
But she did—in the usual way.

Then the stars came out above them, and she gave a little sigh
As they watched the silver ripples like the moments running by;
“We must say good-by,” she whispered by the alders old and gray.
And they did—in the usual way.

And day by day beside the stream, they wandered to and fro,
And day by day the fishes swam securely down below,
Till this little story ended, as such little stories may,
Very much—in the usual way.

And now that they are married, do they always bill and coo?
Do they never fret and quarrel, like other couples do?
Does he cherish her and love her? Does she honor and obey?
Well, they do—in the usual way.
 HUMOROUS SELECTIONS IN POETRY

LITTLE MISS STUDY AND LITTLE MISS PLAY

By Fred Emerson Brooks

Little Miss Study and little Miss Play,

Each came to the school from an opposite way;
While little Miss Study could always recite,
This little Miss Play hardly ever was right;
For little Miss Study found she could do more
By learning her lessons the evening before;
But, fond of a frolic, this little Miss Play
Would put off her lessons until the next day.
At the head of her class Miss Study was put,
While little Miss Play had to stay at the foot!
Thus little Miss Study and little Miss Play
Went onward through life—in an opposite way.

—Copyright by Forbes & Co., Chicago, and used by kind

permission of author and publisher.

A SIMILAR CASE
Anonymous

Jack, I hear you’ve gone and done it,—

Yes, I know; most fellows will;
Went and tried it once myself, sir,
Though you see I’m single still.
And you met her—did you tell me—
Down at Newport, last July,
And resolved to ask the question
At a soiree?—So did I.

I suppose you left the ball-room,

With its music and its light;
For they say Love’s flame is brightest
In the darkness of the night.
Well, you walked along together,
Overhead, the starlit sky;
And I’ll bet—old man, confess it—
You were frightened.—So was I.

So you strolled along the terrace,

Saw the summer moonlight pour,
All its radiance on the waters,
As they rippled on the shore,
Till at length you gathered courage,
When you saw that none was nigh—
Did you draw her close and tell her,
That you loved her?—So did I.

Well, I needn’t ask you further,

And I’m sure I wish you joy,
Think I’ll wander down and see you
When you’re married,—eh, my boy?
When the honeymoon is over
And you’re settled down, we’ll try—
What? The deuce you say! Rejected?
You rejected?—So was I.

IRISH CASTLES
By Fitz-James O’Brien

“Sweet Norah, come here, and look into the fire;

Maybe in its embers good luck we might see;
But don’t come too near, or your glances so shining,
Will put it clean out, like the sunbeams, machree!

“Just look ’twixt the sods, where so brightly they’re burning,

There’s a sweet little valley, with rivers and trees,
And a house on the bank, quite as big as the squire’s—
Who knows but some day we’ll have something like these?

“And now there’s a coach and four galloping horses,

A coachman to drive, and a footman behind;
That betokens some day we will keep a fine carriage,
And dash through the streets with the speed of the wind.”

As Dermot was speaking, the rain down the chimney,

Soon quenched the turf-fire on the hollowed hearth-stone:
While mansion and carriage, in smoke-wreaths evanished,
And left the poor dreamer dejected and lone.

Then Norah to Dermot, these words softly whispered:

“’Tis better to strive than to vainly desire:
And our little hut by the roadside is better
Than palace, and servants, and coach—in the fire!”

’Tis years since poor Dermot his fortune was dreaming—

Since Norah’s sweet counsel effected its cure;
For, ever since then hath he toiled night and morning,
And now his snug mansion looks down on the Suir.

THE DEACON’S DRIVE

By Fred Emerson Brooks

Good Deacon Jones, although a pious man,

Was not constructed on the meager plan;
And he so loved the Sabbath day of rest,
Of all the seven deemed it far the best;
Could he have made the year’s allotment o’er,
He would have put in many rest-days more.
One Sunday morn, on sacred matters bent,
With his good wife, to church the deacon went.
And since there was no fear of being late,
The horse slow jogged along his Sunday gait.
This horse he got by trading with a Jew,
And called him Moses,—nothing else would do.
He’d been a race-horse in his palmy days,
But now had settled down, to pious ways,—
Save now and then backsliding from his creed,
When overtempted to a burst of speed.

’Twas early, and the deacon’s wife was driving,

While from the book the deacon hard was striving
On sacred things to concentrate his mind—
The sound of clattering hoofs is heard behind;
Old Mose pricked up his ears and sniffed the air;
The deacon mused: “Some racers, I declare!
Fast horse, fast man, fast speeds the life away,
While sluggish blood is slow to disobey!”
He closed the book; he’d read enough of psalms—
And, looking backward, spat upon his palms,
Then grabbed the sagging reins: “Land sakes alive!
It’s late, Jerushee, guess I’d better drive!”

The wife suspects there’s something on his mind;

Adjusts her spectacles and looks behind:
“Pull out, good Silas, let that sinner past
Who breaks the Sabbath day by drivin’ fast!
What pretty horses; he’s some city chap;
My, how he drives; he’ll meet with some mishap!
Be quick thar, Silas; further to the side;
He’s comin’; thank the Lord the road is wide!
Jes’ look at Mose; if he ain’t in fer war!
Say, Silas, what on earth you bracin’ for?
Old man, have you forgot what day it is?”
“Git up thar, Mose! Jerushee, mind yer biz!”
“Upon my soul, look how that nag’s a-pacin’;
Why, Silas, dear, I do believe you’re racin’!
Land sakes alive, what will the people say?
Good Deacon Jones a-racin’, Sabbath day!”

“Jerushee, now you hold yer pious tongue,