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R
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

Introduction to
8 Trigonometry S E R T ER
E

oR
su What did CBSE ask last year?
MCQS 1Question (1 x 1=1 Marks)
SubjectivapPeTOPPE
sURTOPPER
No Very Short Question Asked

No Short Question Asked

SUPPQPPER
1Question (1 x
OaRePE
Marks)
Case Based No Case
No Case Base Question Asked

Note: All the above typology ofTquestions

UPPER Oe include 'Competency based Questions'
SPRETOPPER
R
as CoMPETENCY

Scan this for Scan this for

Store and App Store and
SUPPERs.
Android users Web

bER
set digitally hand styled notes of all the chapters as perpPEROlates
Syllabus only on our free app: PadhleAkshay
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

SUPPE8.ntroduction to Trigonometry 121

 SUPPER

Trigonometry
- Introduction to Ratios of sides of angled triangle
Trigonometric Ratios:
trigonometric ratios, R
are called
ratios of an acute angle is
If one of the trigonometric
remaining tagonometric ratios of an angle
can be easily de known, the
ZA 0° 30°
1
45° 60°
U P PT

V3
R
90°
OPPER determined.
sin A 0
2 V2
N
COs A 1
V3 1
0 S U P PT
EORP P E R

NePE
T R
2
PPF
V2 2

Not
tan A
V3
1 /3 defined
2 Not
sec A 1
V3 V2 2
defined

cot A Not
defined V3 1

COsec A
Not 2
defined
Trigon OsRER
2
V2 1 S U P PT
ERO

Identities
Anequation involving
identity, if it is true for trigonometric ratio of angle(s) is called a
allvalues of the angles trigonometric
PER

tan = sin 9
involved. These are:
COs " cot =
sin
sin² + cos² =1
’ sin'=1-cos²
cosec² 0 -cot =1 ’ cos PPEePPER
=1- sin?
U o ET
R OPPER ’ cosec =1+ cot2 9
sec2 - tan² 9 = ’ cot2= -1
’ sec'=1+ tan2 9
sin 9 cosec 1
’ tan2 9 0 -1
cOs sec = 1
(Note: Very short &short " tan cot =1
identity will be asked) questions to prove SUPPERop
based on only the first
oPER

122 PADHLEAKSH
S P E TOF
R PER
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

Ot-RATIOS' of
IfAABC is a Complementary Angles
a
PESP
triangle, right-angled at B, then pPER
= 90° ZA+B+2Ca180°
or angle-sumeproperty
(90°- ZA) of aA cUr

UPPER
T OPPER
SUPPR
TOPPER

Thus, ZA and Zc are knoon as complementay angles and are related by

the following relationships:
SUPPER
TOPPER
oPR
sin (90°- A) =cos A; cosec (90°- A) =
cos (90° - A) = sin A; sec (90° -A) = A

DUCTION TO tan (90° -A) = cot A; cot (90° - A) = tan A

OPPER

NOMETRY In a right triangle ABC, right-angled at B. Once we have

identified the sides, we can define six t-Ratios with respect
to the sides.

PPOPPER

(i) sin A =
Case I
Perpendicular BC
Hypotenuse AC
(i) sineC=
PerpendicularEREF
Case II

Hypotenuse
AB
AC
SUPPERTOPPER
Base AB Base BC
(ii) cosine A = Perpendicular_ BCS U T O (ii) cosine C=
Hypotenuse AC Hypotenuse AC

(ii) tangent A = (ii) tangent C= Perpendicular AB

Base AB Base BC

Hypotenuse AC Hypotenuse AC
(i0) cosecant A = Perpendicular (iv) cosecant C =
BC Perpendicular AB
TOPP
( v ) s e c a n t R

Hypotenuse_ AC Hypotenuse AC
(0) secant C=
Base AB Base

Base AB Base BC
(vi) cotangent A = Perpendicular BC (vi) cotangent C = Perpendicular AB
sUPPERToPPER

SUPPE
R ction to Trigonometry 123
 OBJECTI
=3 SUPRE
T ROEF

0.7. Ifsin A 2,then what s he

sec A ?
(DAY 18)
R ET
RO

Multiple Choice Questions

4
Q.1. In AABC, right angled at B, AB = 24 (a) 1
Cm, BC=7cm. The value of tanC18: 2
S U P P/E
O RP O R
[T-I, CBSE 2023 Ifcos X=
PPER

then sin X
(a) 12 () 1s eaual
(c)
Q.2. If tanS U
20
(d)
= Othen
PPER
cos is equal to
7
24
(a)

(c)
Just
(b2 - a2)
b

recall
b
() (b- a)
4)
(a)RIOPEN
COMPETENC
COMPETENCY T-I
(a) (6) FREE ADVICE:

t-ratios i.e., here 'sin' andout of the

(c) (d) about (sin' 0 + cos2 = 'cos' gioe
J2-y2) J(e-y) solving this question. 1) which
OPPER
Q.3. If 0 is an acute angle suchS Uthat
PRER/OPOR

The value of
helysi
COs = 3 then sin tan -1
5' 2tan20 (sin 30° + cos 30°) - (sin 60° +
is COs 6/P
IT-1, NCERT EXEMPLAP
16 (a) 0
(a) 25 1
(b) 36 (b) 1
3 160 (c) (d)
(c) 160
2
#2ER
3
Q.10. What is the
Q4. The value oF expression [cosec (75° minnimum value
+ 0) sec (15° -0) -tan (55° + ) + cot cos
(a)
0,
-1
0s0s
(b) 0
SU90°?
COMPETENCY |T
(35° - 0)] is [T-I
(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) 1 (a)
3
CR
TOPPER
(c) 1 (a) OFPPER FREE ADVICE: Remember this:
Q.5. What is the minimum value Min value (sin 0) =0 at 0°
sin A, 0sAs90°. COMPETENCY T-I Min value (cos ) =0 at 90°
(a) -1 (b) 0 Max value (sin 9) =1 at 90°
(c) 1 Max value (cos 0)=1 at 0°
TOeR
0.11. If 0is an acute angle of a right anglel
Q.6. If cot 0 = 7 what is the value of: triangle, then which of the following
203
8 CBSE
equations is not true? (T-II,
(1+sin0)(1R sin ) (a) sin 0 cot =cos
(1+ cos )(1 - cos 0) [T-I, CBSE 2020
(b) cos tany e sin
(a)36 49 (c) cosec29 cot2 =1
48 (b) 64
PER
TOPPER (d) tan2 0- sec2 0=1 ofcot
(c)49 36 OPPERSec expressed in terms
81 (d) g1 when COMPETENo/
is equal to:
124 PADHLEAKSHAYS 33 DAYS
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

(a) (1tcot20)
(cot 0) (a) 2 (b) 1
1
(b) J(1+ cot2 0) S U P P ET
RO P P E R (c) 0
(1 + cot?0) Q.20. Express the trigonometric
(c) (cot 0) tan A in terms of sin A.
[T-II, CBSE 2016
cot2 0) sin A
sUPPEReeERlCoto)
(d) (a)
V(1- sin2 A)
Q13. 1) (cosec² 0 - 1) is equal to: SinA
[T-II, CBSE 2023 (b)
PP sin2 A)
(a) -1 (b) 1 sin A
(c)2 (d) 0
Q.14. (cos4 A- sin A) on simplification gives /(1- sin A)
sin A
COMPETENCY
SUPPER T O P(T-II
P (d)
(a) 2sin²A -1 V(1+ sin A) PPER
TOPPER

(b) 2 sin A+1 FREE ADVICE:

(c) 2 cos² A +1
(d)2 cos² A -1
Just recall all the relation between sin A,
sin A
cos A and tan A such as cos A = tan A
0.15. If sec + tan
SUPPER
TOPPER = p, then tan equals.
COMPETENCYT-II and sin'A
Assertionp+Pcos²A
S =1.
+ 1)
(a) (p²(2p) (b) (p2-1)
(2p) UPP Reason Questions
(p² +1) following question, a statement of
(c) (p2-1)
(p² + 1) (d) (p²-1) Assertion (A) is followed by statement of
Reason(R). Mark the correct choice as.
Q.16. If x=2sin? 0,(a)
y=2cos?e+1, then the
cuppERTQB 2017 (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct
flheOPPER
value of x + y is: explanation of A.
(a) 2 (b) 3 (b) BothA and R are true but R is SUPPor
not
(c) 4 rect explanation of A.
Q.17. The value of sin2 +
1 (c) A is true and R isfalse.
SUPPER
TOsRER (1+ tan2 0) (d) A is false, but R is true.
[T-II, CBSE 2020
Q.1. Assertion: In a right AABC, right angled
(a)4 (b) 6 at B, if tan A = 1, then 2 sin A.cos A
(c) 3 (d) 1
Q.18. What is the value of Reason: cosec A is the abbreviation used
1 1 =? for cosecant of angle A. COMPETENCY[T-I
1+ cot0 1+ tan² 0 Q.2. Assertion: The value of sin A is always
COMPETENCY
SUPPER
TO [T-II less than 1.
Reason: sin A is the
(b)1 sin and A. [T-I
(c) 0 (a) Q.3. Assertion: AABC, right-angled at B,
AB = 24 cm, BC =7 cm. The value of
Q19. Given that, sin Á + sin² A =1, then the tan Cis 24
Vate of cos A + cos4 Ais
SUPPER [T-II, CBSE 2020
to Trigonometry 125
PPER
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

Reason: For any

Opposite side
Reason: tan C= Adjacent side
sin² + cos 1value of ,
ER
TOPPER 0.5. Assertion: For

Q.4. Assertion: If x = 2 sin? 0and y =

+1then the value of x+ =3.
COMPETENCY /T-I
2cos20
and cosec + cot <
Reason: OserR
other.
9
TOR
0
Cs,OrSecoiMeprPcoEcIMa
cot =1,
CoMPETEN
PE
y Short AnseooSTON
SUBJECTIVE
Q.4. If sin 9 + cos
then prove that=p and sec 9.
Q.1. Evaluate:
1 OR,
cot2 30
PER
+ T
sin2 cot2 45° + 2 sin90° 0.5. Prove the identity
(tan + cot ) = sec
oTOPPx
COMPETENCY [T-I
Q.2. If Aand B are acute angles such that
sin(A - B) =0and 2cos (A +B) -1= 0, Q.6. If sin 9 + coS
then find angles Aand B. tan + cot =1
[T-II
Q.7. Prove that:
Q.3. If sin - cos 9 =0. then find the value cot a
of sint + cos 0. e R PPER 1+
(T-II, CBSE 2023 1+ cosec a =COSec a.

Q.8. Show that tan +

Q.4. If tan9 = find the value of (1- cos2)
4 tan? 29= sec+ 9-s-
(1 + cos2 0)
[T-II, CBSE 2020 [T-I, CBSE )
Q.5. If sin
tan +
PPER
+ cos 0ER3, then
prove that
[T-II, CBSE 2020
(DAY 19)
ros sin 9
Long Answer
chePestion
Q.6. +
(1+ cos 0) Q.1. If 3 cot A =
(1+ cos 0) sin 9 =2 cosec , SUPPE¬
whether (1-tar
[T-II, NCERT EXEMPLAR =cos A
Ssin A or not. (1+ tar
T-1, NCE
Short Answer Questions Q.2. Prove that:
Q.1. Prove that: SUPPER tan²
T/PPER, A cosec²A
+ 1
(sin A - 2sin³ A) tan A-1 sec² A- cosecA (1-2co
(2cos® A - cos A tan A
[T-II, CBSE 2
Q.3. Prove:
Q.2. Prove that: [T-II, CBSE 2023 tan cot
cose
sec A atop (1- cot ) (1- tan9) =1+sec B
Q.3. Prove (1- sin A)(sec A+ tan A) =1
Q.4. If sec A + tanTOPPER show t
(1+ sec A) sin A m² -1
A
secA COMPETENC
(1- cos A) COMPETENCY (T-II = sin
m2 + 1thaJPPER
Q.5. Prove
sin sin
= 2+cot- cOsec8
(cot + cosec )
126
PADHLEAKSHAY'S 33 DAYS CHAII
ECERAm
SUP
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
TOPPER

CASE BASED QUESTIONS

Q.1. Three friends - Anshu, Vijay and Vishal
A
are playing hide and seek in a park. S U ETOPPER
R
1.2 km
Anshu and Vijay hide in the shrubs and
Vishal have to find both of them. If the 1.6 km
positions ofthree friends are at A, Band
Crespectively as shown in the figure 3 km
andTOPo9,h
forms a right angled triangle such
that. BC = 3N3 mand B = 90, PER
SUPPER [T-I T
RsR
B on the above informnation, answer
the follouwing questions.
(a) Find tan p; if ZAPQ = 0.
sUPPER
TPPER COMPETENCY,
(b) (i) Find cot B. S U P P ET
RO P P E R

Or
(ii) Find tan A.
(c) Find sec A..
33 m Q.3. Ritu's daughter is
S U P P ET
R OPPE
feeling so hungry
and so thought to
B
9m A eat something. She
looked into the
Based on the above information, answer fridge and found
the following questions. some bread pieces.
(a) What is the measure of ZA. She decided to make a sandwich. She
(b) (i) What is the measure of ZC
CoMPEFENOY
cut the piece of bread diagonally and
,sUPPE found that it forms a right angled
Or triangle with 4 cm, 4V3 cm qUP
and 8 cm.
(ii) What is the length of AC. [T-II
(c) What is the value of cos 2A.
SUPPEeBER COMPETENCY 8 cm
4 cm
Q.2. aeroplanes
an airport,
one after the other. 43 cm
After moving on Based on the above informnation, answer
runway, one flies the following questions.
due North and oth (a) What is the value of M?
er flies due South. (b) (i) The value of Zk. TOPPER
The speed of two Or
aeroplanes is 400 (ii) Find the value of cot M.
km/hr and 500 COMPETENCY
km/hr respectively. Considering PQ as
runway and A and B are any two points (tan 45 - 1)
(c) What is the value of (tan2 45 + 1)
SUPPER
TOPn the path followed by two planes.[T-I
COMPETENCY,

to Trigonometry 127
P P E TOPPER
R
S U P P ETOPPER
R

Bice
ANSWE]RS
PPE:

Answers 6. (b)
S U P P ET
R OPPER

Mulliple
1. (b) AB 24 mand
BC 7m
P P E TOPPER
R
( i t eside SUPRTOPPER
lan Adjuent sile
A
24
.. tan C
7
Let AB =
7k and
2. (0) tan )
BC= 8k,
So the Sdesoftrian where
By applying l
AABC,
AC? =We get kisa
byarOP
are x and

S U P P ET
RO P P E R
By

.. cos () =
theorem,
(Bypotenuse)? = +y?
Hypotenuse = r+ y2
S U PTOPPER
R
AC
= AB² +BC2
(7k +
(8k
Pythagoas positve
A9R2 +64k-=1132
3. (c) 3
160
-J113k
Therefore, = J13 k
sin = side
4. (6) Understand
opposite to 9
trigonometric
the

angles like 30",functions

45°
values of
for special
and 60, as they
BC
AC hypotenuse 8k
frequently appear trigonometric
identities. in
Now, (1+
( tsV13
We
know that cosec A= sec cos )(1 -- sin)
1- sin2 Cos )
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
Also, cot A= tan (90 - A)
(90°- A)P ETOPPER
R 1- cos2 9 [:. (a
Now, + - b){a b) =(a
COsec (75° + 0) = sec 90° 1 8 2

- (75° + - V113 1-64113)

cot (35° - 0) = sec
tan [90 (35° (15° - 0) 1 7
|1-49
0)] Wi13 113
So, lcosec (75° =tan (55° + JeuP9TOPPER
- sec 0)
- tan (15- 0)
- (sec (15 - (55° +0) t cot (35° - 64
0) - 0)1
tan (55° +sec0) (15° - 0)
+ tan
5. (b) We can simply find the (55° + 0)) ER
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
minimum TOPE
c) cos X =
value of sin A
By
by
trigonomet(rmicinpropert
sin 0º = 0
sin 90 =1 ofusing
imum ies
sin A.the that:trigonometryidentities, we
sin² X + cos2 X =1
(m aximum value).
value)2TOPPEM
sin² X =1- cos²
128 PADHLEAKSHAY'S
33 DAYS sin X = a')
CHALLENGE
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
TOPPER

sPER
9. (a) Using the trigonometric identities,
1)
sin 30 = COs 30o = 15. (b)
(2p)
sin 60°= cos 600 =
16. (b) Given, x = 2 sin 9, y=2 cos² +1
URTOPPER x+y= 2sin + 2 cos² +1S U P P E sPPER
(sin 30° + cos 30) Q
= 2(sin² e + cos² 0) + 1
...[As sin?0+ cos
(sin 60° + cos 60) =2+1 =3
1
2
= (N3 +1) 17. (d) sin2 + 1+ tan2 9
= sin² + sec2 9
2
SUPPER
Tevo
(sin 30°+cos 30º) - sin? t cos² =1
- (sin 60°+ cos 60°) 18. (b) We know that,
1+ tan20 =sec20 and
SUP

-()-)
-+_1
1+ cot
1
= cosec²

1+ tan2 0 1+ cot20
+

2
-

=0
1 1
10. (b) In the context of angles between 0 sec2 ) cosec20
PPER
TOPPER

and 90 degrees, the cosine function

is at its minimum value of 1 when = cos² 0+ sin2 =1
is 0 degrees, which corresponds 19. (b) Given. sinA+ sinA S1
to the base case of a right triangle ’ sin A=1- sin² A
SUPPER
with a 90-degree
T O increases
8 from angle.
0 to 90As the angle
degrees, the
’sin A= cos2 A
Now, T O A+ cos A
value of cos decreases from1 to 0. SUPPER
= cos² Aj1 + cos²A]
11. (d) tan² - sec² =1 = sin A1 + sin A]
1 = sin A+ sin A =1
12. (c) We know that sec =
cos
We can convert itSUPPER
into TOPPER Hence, the answer is 1.
sin 9 1 20. (a)Since cos² A + sin² A=1
PPER
TOPPER
cos sin
cos A = (1- sin2A)
1
.cOsec sin A sinA
cot .. tan A =
cos A J1- sin² A
(1+ cot2 0)
SUPPBPP:
cot Assertion Reason Answers
sec² 0- tan² =1 1. (b) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is
qUPPEotthe
cosec20 - cot2 = 1 correct explanation of (A).
LHS, =(sec? 0 - 1)(cosec 0 - 1) Explanation: We have, tan A=1
sin A
=tan² 9 x cot² 0 =1 = 1
COs A
14. (d) cos A - sin A oPPER ’ sin A = cos A ’ sin A - TOPPER
cos A=0
= (cos A - sin² A) (cos? A + sin A) Squaring both sides,s P
wePget
ER
= (cos? A-sin?A)1 (sin A- COs A) =0
’ sin' A+ cos²A -2 A COs A = 0
= cos A - (1- cos² A) =2 cos² A-1.
’1-2 sin Acos A= 0
SUPPER
TOPPER
SUPPER
OPPER
.:. 2sinA cos A=1

Introduction to Trigonometry 129

S U P P ET
RO P P E R
SUPPER
TOPPER

2. (c) (A) is true and (R) is false. ’ COS (A +B)

Explanation: sinAis not the product of 1
sin and A. The sine ofany angle tells the ’cOS (A+ B) S PcOs
adding ER TOpER
ratio of the side of the triangle opposite
the angle divided by the nypotenuse. As .A+
On
B= 60
tle ngle increases from 0 to 90° the
2A = 60
value of sin of that angle also increases
Putting A ) arnd
- B =the
but till1.
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

3. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is

30°
TOPRR ) value:. inB=30030
From the given
the correct explanation of (A).
Explanatio: In a riglht-angled triangle
AABC, riht-angled at B, if AB = 24 cm
COs ) = sin)
Hence, =45o
equati
equation, Neon i

and BC = 7cn, you can find the value

of tan Cas follows; Therefore,
= sint sin4 Cos4
45° SVTOPPER4
+
tan C= Opposite
side cost 450
side
case, the side opposite angle
Cis AB, which is 24 cm, and the side
-(a) +1
4

1
4
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
adjacent to angle C is BC, which is 4
7 cm, RPPETOPPEG
Given. tan 9 3
So, tanC= AB 24
’ tan² 0 = 9
4
BC 7
4. (a) Both (A) and (R) are true and is
16 ’ sec = 1+9
the correct explanation of (A). ’ cos = 16
Explanation: 25
x+y= 2sin?
gUPPÉRePr cos² +1 OFR

=
cos² 0) + 1 Now, (1- cos² )
5
. : sin² 0 +cos² =1) (1 + SUPB
cos20)
1=3 1+
5. (d) (A) is false, but (R) is
true.
S U P P ET
RO P P E R Explanation:
Here, cosec² - cot =1 UPPEOPPER
(25- 16)
therefore Ris True. 25 9
(25 +16) 41
Very Short Answers 25

1,
5
+
1 5. sin + cos = 3
cot2 30o sin2 600 - cot 45° - 2 sin2 900 Let us square on both sides
5 SUP
1
KeGR
J
(sin + cos 0)2 =3 DER
(V3j2 12-2 sin² t cos2 +2 sin cos =3
1+2 sin COs =3 ...[:" sin?9+ os
5 =3-1
3+1 = (5 +4 +3) ’ 2 sin cos

RO P P E R 2. sin (A
S U P P ET -B) = 0 -=4 ’ 2sin
sin 0 - cos
cos =2
=1
sin (A - B) = sin 0° .[Given oPPES sin - COs = sin² 9 + cos
.. A - B = 0 ...[: sin 0° = 0
(sin2 0 + cos² 0)
and 2cos (A + B) 1=0 sin cos
’2 cos (A + B) =1 -Given
tan + cot =1
130 PADHI
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
SUPPER
TOPPER

sin0 (1 +os)
6, 1S (| con)) (conA 1
nin? 0+(1 cOs 0?
sin 0(1 +cos0) OPPER
SUPPER
TOPPER

[rin0 +1 +cos2 9+
[in 9(1 +con 9)] 1
=1 + cOs A
As, sin 0+ cos2 9=1 (1 - cosAj
=1+ cos A
(1+1+2cos 9] (1 - cosA}
SUPPER
TOPfsin9(1 +cos 0)) (12 - cosA)
[2 +2 cos 0] cUPPR Cos4
[sin 0(1 + cos 0)] 1- cos2A sin² A = RHS.
1- cosA 1- cosA
21 + cos 9) 2
|sin 0(1 +cos 0)] sin 4. q(p-1)
pPER
=2 cosec 0 1 =(sec 9+ cosec 9)[(sin 9 + cos -1]
SUPPER
TOPPER
"..[ As COsec
SUPPE
sin e
1
= RHS cos9 sin 9 (2 sin 9 cos 9)
Therefore, it is proved. sin + cos 9
(2 sin cos )
Short Answers sin cos

4 sinA 2sin3 A = 2(sin9+ OS) =2p=RH.S.

SUPPER
2 cos A - cos A 5. L.H.S. (sin 9 t cos ) (tan + cot )
PER
sin A(1 - 2sin? A) sin
Sin + cos ) cos
Cos
cos A(2 cos?A - 1) Sin
sin A cos 2A (sin - cos 0) (sin?e - cos9)
cos A COs 2A = tan A sin cose
R TOPPER
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
2. Given.
= (sin + cos ) sin cos
L.H.Ssec A(1- sin A) (secA+ tan A)
sin cos
1
Here, sec A =
COs A
and tan A= Sin A sin cos sin cos
cos A
1
1 sin A sin
TA 1- sin A) x COS A COs A
SUPSER =sec ®+co_ec B=R.H.S. (Hence proved)
cos2 A x (1- sin A) x (1 + sin A) 6. sin COs = 3
1
+ cos O)²=3
cos2 A (1- sin? A) ’ sin²0 + cos² + 2sin oos =3
1- sin2 A 1 sin2 A 2 sin cos =2
CosRAER ’ sin cos =1
cos² A cos² A S U P P ET
RO P P E R

’ sec²A -tan?A =1= R.HS ’ sin cos =sin +o

sin + 8
1=
1+ sin tos
3. LHS. 1++sec A cos A
sec A ’ tan 0+ cot 0=1
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
COs A

R.
SUPPEK lntroduction to Trigonometry 131
SUPPEOPPER
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

side
7.
LH,S. 1+
sin A =
opposi te to A
sideIiypotenuseto BC
ladjhypotacenteTO A
COS A =
We know pER
4k
So, R s - 1 cosee?u 1 LH.S = 5k
eUPP

L.HS, |+ l{osec o 1)(coseca I) tan² A)

(1 + tan²
SUPPR
TOPPER
(1 cOseca) A)
|+ cOscr -1 SUPPER
TPPER

cOsec o= R.H.S.
8. L.H.S. tan ) + tan² 0
tan? 0(1 + lan? 0)
(sec?9 -
sec4 9 - 1)(sec?0)
|:: tan?0+ 1 =sec20 16 -9
16
OmePence
sec² 9 Proved) 16
16 + 9 s P E
16
R
TOPPR

Answers 16 25
1. We use R.H.S = cos²
the basic
concepts of sin² A
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
trigonometric
ratios like cot, (-)
16 9
tan, cOS, and sin SUPER/OPPER
= 16 -9
to 25 25 7
solve the 3 25
question. 25
3 cot A = 4 Therefore, 1- tan2A
1+ tan² A= cos A-si
Thus, cot A 3 A
Let AABC be á 4k 2. L.H.S. tan² A
tan2 A-1 (Hence ProN
CosecA
right-angled
right angle. triangle where angle Bis a We know, PPER
To
COsec'A
c
cot A = side adjacent to ZA tan A = sin
side opposite to ZA COs A
AB
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

BC 3
oPPEOPPER COsec (A) =
Let AB = 4k and sin A
BC = 3k and sec(A) = 1

By ..where kis a
positive COS A
applying the sin² A
AC2 = AB2 + Pythagoras theorem in
AABC, we get, cos² A
BC2 sin2 A
1
sin² A
=(4 ký? cos2 A
16 k2+9 k2 = sin² A
NPPER
TOPFO8

AC =25 k2 =5k 25 2 sin² A

cos² A
Therefore, sin² A cos2 sin2 A
A sin2 A - cos² A
tan A side opposite to ZA cos² A
cos² A sin A
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
side adjucent to ZA BC 3k 3 TOPPER sin² A X
AB 4k cos² A
cos2 A sin² A
132 oSUPPE - cos² A

PADHLEAKSHAY'S 33 DAYS 1
sin A
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
^UPPER
TOPPER

sin2A Cos² A 4.
L.H.S, m² -;
cos²A sin2 A - cos² A m2 + 1
sin2A -
cos2A (sec A+ tan A)² -1
sin²A + S U P P ET
RO P P E R
(sec A + tan A)2 + 1 oPPER
sin²A - cos²A
[sec² A + tan² A + 2 sec A tan A
1-cos² A) cos2 A [sec² A + tan² A+ 2sec Atan At1}
sin² A + cos² A =1 [(sec² A - 1)+ tan2 A + 2 sec Atan A]
...Using and sin?A =1-cos² A
SUSER
TOpPER [sec? A + (tan2 A + 1) + 2 sec Atan AJ
[2 tan2A 2sec Atan A]
= R.H.S.
1-2cos2 A A + 2sec Atan A]
SUp
L.H.S.
3. Consider the 2 tan A
tan cot 2 sec A
(1- cot ) (1- tan ) sin A = sin A =RHS
TOPPER COs A Cos A
sin cOs (Hence
Cos sin
Sin 9
Cos sin 9 sin
5. L.H.S. cOsec )
|1 sin 0 Cos (cot +cosec ¬) (cot
tan = sin 0 and cot 0 = cos sin sin
SUPPESRPER cos sin 0 (cot + cosec ) (cosec - cot 9)
SUPPlPPER
Csin 0 sin
cos (sin - cos 0) sin 1cosec +cot0) (cosec - cot 9)
COs cos
(cosec - cot + cosec + cot )
sin 0 (cos - sin 0) ) sin
(cosec² e - cot2 )
sin2 0 cos2 2cosec
’ sin TOPPER
[cos (sin - cos0)] SUPPER
sin (cosT sin 0)] 1
SUPPER
sin2 ’ sin 0 (2 cosec )
cos l(sin - cos 0) sin (sin - cos0) ’ 2 sin x
1
=2 =RHS
sin 0
sin3 - cos3 .: LHS =2 = RHS(Hene Proved)
SUPPER
TR sin cos (sin 0 cos ) pPERTODase Answers
-Case
(sin2 + cos2 + cos sin 0)(sin - cos )
sin cos (sin cos 0) 1. (a) We have, AB =9 m BC = 3(/3) m
1+ cos sin
In triangle ABC we have
...[:: sin?0 + cos2 0= 1
sin cos
S U P P ET
RO P P E R tan A =
BC
AB
(s()
9 PERTOPPER
1
+1
(W3)
sin cos tan A= tan 30°.:. ZA=30°
1 AB
+1
sin cos (b) (i) Similarly, tan C = (3v3)
=1+ sec cosec = R.H.S V3)
S U P P ET
RO P P E R
(Hence proved) tan C = tan 60º
60°

S8.
UIntroduction to Trigonometry 133
SUPER
TOPPER
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

Or 3. (a) tan M = KL
(ii) Since, sin A = BC
LM
AC
SUSPER
T Ó D RBC ’tan M 4
3sín AC OP

343 ’ tan 1
2 AC AC = 6/3 m
(c) ZA = 30 tan M= tan
therefore, cos 2 A=cos 2(30) .:. M= 30° 30
SPER
TOPPER
SUPPER
TOPPR
= COs 60º = 1 (b) (0) tan K = LM
2. (a) In KL
AAPQ, tan P= ’ tan K= 4v3
3 4
1.2 ’ tan K= 3
1.6 4
TOPPO
(b) (i) In QB tan K= tan 60°
cot B= PO .:. K=60°
R TCOPER
SUPPER
3 15
1.6 8 (i) cot M
Or cot 30°;
(ii) In AAPQ, (tan2 450.
o-1)
(c)
S U P P ET
RO P P E R tan A = PQ 1.6 4
(tan2 45° +1)
AQ 1.2 3
SUPPER
TOPPR (1-1)
(c) We have, tan² A+1= sec A (1 + 1)
0
sec A =

SUPPE
T RO P
(DAY 19 SWAHA)
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

S U P P ET
RO P P E R

S U P P ET
RO P P E R

S U P P ET
RO P P E R
S U P P ET
RO P P E R

S U P P ET
RO P P E R

SOPPER

134 PADHLEAKSHAYS 33 DAYSCHALLENGE

SUP [Mathematics X]