TENSION: Tension can emerge when there are conflicting interests, increased economic inequalities within the host

the host nation. This

opinions, or goals among different stakeholders or groups. As means that while some people and businesses benefit from the
changes occur, different perspectives and priorities may clash, investments, others may be left behind and face greater
leading to tensions and disagreements. These tensions can arise disparities in income and opportunities.
due to differences in values, expectations, or desired outcomes.

STRAIN: Changes can create strain on individuals, systems, and

resources. When significant changes are introduced, it may
require adjustments in processes, workflows, and roles, which can
create additional workload and stress. This strain can impact the
well-being and productivity of individuals and may require
support and resources to manage effectively.
In simple terms, when the population grows and social change
disrupts the established social order, it can become challenging
for individuals to meet their basic needs. This can be a frightening
and overwhelming experience for people.

PRESSURE: Changes often come with expectations and pressures

to adapt, perform, and meet new demands. There may be time
constraints, increased workload, and a need to quickly adapt to
new systems or practices. This pressure can create a sense of
urgency and may lead to stress and anxiety among individuals
involved in the change process.

An example of retrogression can be observed in the context of

civil rights progress. For instance, consider a country that has
made significant strides in ensuring equal rights and opportunities
for marginalized communities. However, due to a change in
political leadership or societal attitudes, there is a regression in
policies and attitudes towards these communities. This
retrogression may result in the erosion of previously gained rights
and protections, leading to increased discrimination, inequality,
and marginalization. It represents a backward movement in social
progress and can have significant negative impacts on the
affected communities.

EXAMPLE OF DISCOVERY: One example of a scientific discovery is

the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1928. While
conducting experiments with bacteria, Fleming noticed that a
mold called Penicillium notatum inhibited the growth of bacteria
in a petri dish. This accidental discovery led to the identification of
the first antibiotic, which revolutionized the field of medicine and
saved countless lives by effectively treating bacterial infections.

EXAMPLE OF INVENTION: An example of an invention is the

telephone, invented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. Bell's
invention allowed for the transmission of sound over long
distances, enabling people to communicate with each other
without being physically present. The telephone transformed
communication and had a profound impact on society,
revolutionizing business, personal relationships, and the way
people connected with each other.

EXAMPLE OF DIFFUSION: The diffusion of the internet is a notable

example. In the 1960s, the internet was developed as a network
of computers for military and academic purposes. Over time,
advancements in technology and the increasing accessibility of
computers led to the widespread diffusion of the internet. Today,
the internet has become an integral part of daily life, connecting
people globally, facilitating communication, providing access to
information, and enabling various online services and platforms.
The diffusion of the internet has had a profound impact on
society, transforming communication, commerce, education,
and entertainment.

In simple terms, some sociologists believe that foreign investments

in developing countries can initially bring wealth and economic
growth. However, over time, these investments can also lead to