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Culture Documents
These are the books that I borrowed from my friend last week.
I have a friend whose parents are both english tutors in Turkey.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, who founded modern Turkey, is a valuable leader for
the citizens of Republic of Turkey.
The holiday when people celebrate the New Year is on January 1st.
The company that produces electric cars is Tesla
The city where the Collesium stands is Rome, the capital of Italy.
The novel that I have read lately is Animal Farm written by George Orwell.
The new Cafe in Meram, which opened just last week, has already become a
local favorite.
The restaurant, which offers a variety of international cuisines, is perfect for
food enthusiasts.
Our friends trip to Norway, which lasted three weeks,was filled with
unforgettable experiences.
NOUN CLAUSES
Despite feeling anxious, she couldn't explain what was bothering her.
My mother is worried about whether her friend will pass the driver’s license
exam.
Before deciding
where to go on
holiday, we
researched
various
destinations in
Europe.
I am considering
where to spend
my winter
vacation and
exploring new
places that I
have never seen
before.
Learning a new
language
requires
understanding
the grammar and
vocabulary.
Knowing why
you want to
learn a language
can be a
motivating
factor.
The book that
explains how to
learn new skills
is on the shelf.
It is obvious that
smoking is too
dangerous for
pregnants.
ADVERBİAL CLAUSES
We postponed
the outdoor
event, seeing
that the forecast
predicted heavy
rain.
She started her
own business
since she
couldn't find a
job that matched
her skills and
interests.
He saved money
so that he could
buy a new
laptop.
She will accept
the job if the
salary meets her
expectations.
COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCES
After finishing
my homework,I
decided to go to
the park, where I
played with my
friends, but
when it started
raining, I went
to my house to
reading my
favorite book.
Despite feeling
tired, I went to
my swimming
lesson, and I
completed a
rigorous
workout, which
surprised even
myself .
While waiting
for the taxi, my
sister met her
neighbor, and
they chatted
about the
upcoming
wedding event.
La La Land is a
movie about two
people who
follow their
dreams in Los
Angeles, and
even though
they face
challenges, they
find success and
love in
unexpected
ways.
Teenagers
generally book
novels for
different
reasons; some
like exciting
action, while
others enjoy
emotional
stories that make
them think and
feel.
Nutuk is an
important book
written by
Mustafa Kemal
Atatürk. It talks
about how
Turkey became
a country and
shares important
ideas that helped
shape the nation.
While visiting
the zoo, the
children
watched
monkeys, and
even though
some were
tempted to
imitate the
monkeys, the
parents gently
reminded them
to follow the
rules and keep
the distance.
He needs to find
a job that he can
do
eagerly;otherwis
e,his mental
health will get
worse so, that
situation cannot
be fix easily.
They had so
little time to
prepare before
the trip that they
had to do all
their shopping
very quickly.
While Leila was
in the colllege,
her brother was
at home
preparing
dinner, and their
mother, who had
been working
late, called to let
them know she
would join them
soon.
Despite the late
hour, Zeliha
continued to
study for her
exams, her
roommates were
watching
Truman Show in
their dormitory
room, and her
other friend
Sude, who was a
fellow student,
offered to quiz
him on key
concepts to help
with the
preparation.
Despite feeling
tired from
because of the
midterm exams,
Zeynep joined
her friends for a
night out on the
town, and they
explored a new
restaurant which
is opened just
before a month,
sampled
different
cuisines, and
chatted until the
night.
After the rain
stopped, the kids
went outside to
play, and their
mom, who was
mowing the
lawn, told them
to be careful
around the wet
grass.
Even though it
was a school
night,Bella’s
parents allowed
her to stay up
late, and her
brother, who
was watching
TV, joined her
for a movie
marathon.
SENTENCE CONNECTORS
1.CONTRAST
I want learn to swimming;however,I am scared of deep water.
2.RESULT
He didn’t studied enough for his final exams.Consequently he couldn’t be
succesful as he wish.
3.ADDİTİON AND LİSTİNG
Learning a language has some stages.It requires to know
grammer.Moreover,it requires exercises.
4.TIME
Firstly,we should decide on a goal and then,we should start prepare on it.
5.EXEMPLİFİCATİON
After receiving the assignment, the students had to choose a topic for their
research papers; for example, some opted to explore climate change,
while others delved into the impact of technology on modern
communication.
6.PARTİCULARİZATİON
After trying various desserts at the bakery, I found myself drawn to the
chocolate cake, particularly because of its rich flavor and moist texture.
7.EXPLANATİON
Doing chores can be fun; in other words, turning everyday tasks into a
game makes them enjoyable.
8.SİMİLARİTY
My sister enjoys outdoor activities; similarly, her friends share a love for
hiking, camping, and exploring nature together.
9.EMPHASİS
She is quite beautiful.In fact,she won the award of the most beautiful
girl of the country.
10.REFUTATİON
I expected the movie to be boring; on the contrary, it turned out to be
incredibly captivating.
11.REFORMULATİON
I enjoy reading classic literature; in other words, I find pleasure in
immersing myself in the timeless works of authors from the past.
12.CORRECTION
I finished the assignment in two hours; to be more precise, it took me 45
minutes for research, 30 minutes for outlining, and the remaining 45
minutes for writing.
13.TRANSİTİON
I have not yet made a decision as to which course I will enroll in for the
upcoming semester.
14.ALTERNATİVE
We can go abroad on our holiday.Alternatively,we can go for a sea
holiday.
15.NEGATİVE CONDİTİON
He was driving very slowly when the accident happened;otherwise,it
would have been a deadly accident.
16.CONCLUSİON
After weighing the pros and cons of both options, in conclusion, I believe
pursuing further education is the right decision for my career.
17.OTHER SENTENCE CONNECTORS
I decided to go on the spontaneous road trip.After all, I realized that
sometimes the best memories are made in the unplanned moments.
I finished reading that book you recommended, and by the way, it was
truly captivating and thought-provoking.
I have many hobbies, but above all, I find playing guitar easier because it
allows me to relax.
The weather forecast predicted rain; nevertheless, we decided to go ahead
with our outdoor picnic and enjoyed the day.
I forgot to bring my book fort he lesson, but anyway, I can look from my
phone .
We didn’t go to Italy in the last summer.Instead,we went to England.
ADJECTİVE CLAUSES
4.Non-Defining Clauses
My brother Jack,who fell of his bike started to cry.
Mango,where I do my shopping every month is always crowded.
Atatürk,who founded the Turkish Republic,will always have a special
place in our hearts.
That company,where more than a thousand people work,has a big share in
the market.
Our planet,which revolves around itself,is the only place we can live on
fort he time being.
Italy,which is located in Europe,is a nice country.
Air pollution,which affects millions of people negatively,should be our
primary concern.
Mr.Drake,whose car was stolen,called the police.
Turkey,where there are many historical places,needs to be invest more in
advertising.
My office window,from which I can see the Bosphorus,inspires me a lot.
Microsoft Office,which is widely used,is a very practical software.
My grey bag,which I had used for years,was stolen.
Tony,whom I talked to yesterday,doesn’t agree with me.
My cell phone,which was developed by a canadian company,is a wireless
handheld device.
Paul,who is very experienced in his field,is likely to get a good position at
that company.
My parents,who have been working really hard recently,will be away fort
he weekend.
Gossip Girl,which young people love watching,is an interesting series.
The albüm,whose songs were all composed by an ordinary musician,has
become a best-seller.
Diane’s birthday party,which we all invited to,is next friday.
5.Variations in the Use of Non-defining Clauses
She has four children,all of whom study at university.
He got a big piece of chocolate cake,most of which he didn’t eat.
She introduced me to her friend,some of whom I didn’t like.
The salesman showed me three shirts,none of which I wanted to buy.
There were two injured people,both of them were taken to hospital.
Christopher Nolan has so beautiful movies,the most unusual of which is
Interstellar.
He has three cars,the most beautiful of which is Porsche.
The car,the roof of which had damaged in accident,was repaired.
He went to Poland for erasmus program,which will effect of his career.
I have two foreign students in my class,both of whom are from Canada.
I had six students in my german class,all of whom were from different
parts of the world.
You can call me whenever you are in trouble.I will always help you.
There are three books here on the table.You can read whichever you wish.
Whatever has made her cry must be very serious.
Please do not hesitate to ask for advice whenever you are confused.
You should knoww that I will support you whatever your decision may
be.
5.REDUCTİON OF NOUN CLAUSES
-WH CLAUSES
Noun Clause -We cannot decided what we eat for the dinner.
Reduced Clause -We cannot decide what to eat for the dinner.
Noun Clause -My sister told me where I can find a shopping mall.
Reduced Clause -My sister told me where to find a shopping mall.
-THAT CLAUSES
Noun Clause-My mother glad that she is in Antalya for my dad.
Reduced Clause-My mother glad to be in Antalya for my dad.
Noun Clause-She is upset that she has been dismissed from the company.
Reduced Clause-She is upset to has been dismissed from the company.
Noun Clause-It is believed that this book was published in the 13th
century.
Reduced Clause-The book is believed to have been published in the 13th
century.
TİME
They were playing football when I saw them.
As soon as I saw her,I knew there was something wrong.
I haven’t heard from him since last month.
After the match,we went to celebrate our victory.
Before setting off,we confirmed our tickets.
I fell down while I was running.
Before I left home,I had breakfast.
As he was listening to the song,he closed his eyes.
We won’t leave until it stops raining.
PLACE
This is the park where we used to play as kids.
I'll meet you wherever you'd like.
Everywhere I go, I see people on their smartphones.
You can sit anywhere you like in the auditorium.
He showed me the room where he had hidden the treasure.
REASON
We cancelled our trip because the weather turned out to be cold.
She felt anxious as she didn’t know how to explain things to her family.
Because of the heavy fog,drivers were warned to be more cautious.
Most of the firms have göne bankrupt due to the high cost of production.
Since I left home very late,I took a taxi to work.
Due to the fact that it was raining heavily,the picnic was cancelled.
I'll cook dinner tonight, seeing that you've had a busy day at work.
Inasmuch as it was a difficult decision, she chose the option that seemed
most ethical.
The flight was delayed, owing to the fact that there was a technical issue
with the aircraft.
DİRECT CONTRAST
Whereas Mary enjoys pop music,her sister likes classical music.
While some people in the world have too much food,some are starving.
Some animals only produce a few egg cells whereas others produce
thousands.
Selin speaks French very fluently whereas her English isn’t so good.
Whereas many Native Americans have become almost totally
westernized,some have managed to keep their ancient culture.
CONTRAST
Although he works very hard,he earns very little Money.
Even though she was ill,she went to work.
I had a wonderful time at John’s party although it was very crowded.
Despite the fact that I am working long hours,I love my job very much.
Even if you don't like spicy food, you should try this dish; it's not too hot.
In spite of the fact that he had little experience, he excelled in his new job.
I ate cake her mother made although I am on a diet.
She learned French in a very short time despite the fact that it is a very
difficult language to learn.
Although he was a very successful writer,no one was interested in.
RESULT
He is so careful that he rarely makes mistakes.
The test was so difficult that most students failed it.
I made so few mistakes that the teacher thanked me.
It was such a sad story that it made me cry.
There were such a lot of cars in the park that I couldn’t park my car.
She cooked so little food that it wasn’t enough for all of us.
They are such precious stones that they are worth millions of dollars.
PURPOSE
She goes jogging every day so that she can lose weight.
I want to go to England in order that I will be able to improve my english.
In case you lose the form,I am going to give you another copy now.
They avoided discussing the sensitive topic for fear that it might lead to
an argument.
Take my credit card in case you buy something.
I am doing all the work today so taht I can be free tomorrow.
The scout group came together so that they could plant more trees in their
city.
MANNER
She smiled at him as if they were old friends.
He spoke confidently, as if he knew the answer all along.
She looked at him as though he were a stranger.
He explained the concept as though it were the most straightforward thing
in the world.
He spoke confidently, as though he had rehearsed the speech many times
She acted as if she hadn't heard the news before.
She behaved as though she had never met him before.
DEGREE
The more you practice, the more confident you become.
The more you invest in your education, the more opportunities you'll have
in the future.
The more you save, the more financial security you'll have.