Country Presentation

China
4SA3-C02

Jing Yuan 400318423

Yiwei Zhang 400305792
Chenguang Wang 400180573
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Geographic Location

Demographics

Culture

Political Issues

Currency

Trade Barriers

Balance of Payment

Other Issues
01
Geographic
Location
China in the World

● East Asia
● Sharing borders with 14
countries (India, Russia, North
Korea, etc) and bordered by the
Pacific Ocean to the east
Regions of China
Commonly recognized as the graph shows in 6 regions.
Or just North China and South China in daily circumstances.
 Climate Conditions

China experiences a diverse

range of climate conditions
due to its vast size and varied
topography. From Subarctic
Climate (North) to Desert
Climate (Northwest) to
Subtropical Climate
(South)/Tropical Climate
(Far South)
 Natural Resources

Mineral & Energy Forestry

● Coal ● Timber
● Natural Gas (Bamboo)
● Hydropower ● Medical
plants

Agricultural Livestock & Animal

● Rice ● Fish
● Wheat ● Livestock
● Vegetable
& Fruits
 China and its Neighbours
India South Korea
● Expanding economic ● Share strong economic
cooperation ties, with extensive trade
● Complex political and collaboration on
relations due to regional security
historical tensions and ● Political relationship
territorial disputes navigates historical
complexities

Russia Japan
● A strategic ● Economic
partnership, marked interdependence
by deepening ● Political tensions rooted
economic ties and in history and territorial
political alignment on disputes
global issues
 Demographics
02
 Population and Family Size Income
Median Age

As of 2024, China's The average household

population is estimated at size is 2.98 people. Average monthly salary
1,425,178,782. The median in China ranges from
age in China is 38.4 years 7,410 yuan (about 1,400
old. CAD) to 131,000 yuan
“Family planning” policy (about 24,716 CAD).
A steady increase in the implemented due to
average age of labor force overpopulation (1979-
from 37.1 in 2017 to 38.4 in 2015)
2022.
 Income Distribution

Gini Coefficient Middle Class

46.7% 47.7% Growth
High level of income inequality
Increase from 3.1% of the
population in 2000 to 50.8% in
2020

Annual per capita

disposable income
79% of households
Increase from 21,966 yuan in
2015 to 39,218 yuan in 2023
Regional
Disparities

Shanghai and Beijing had

the highest average annual
incomes of 78,000 and
75,000 yuan respectively,
whereas Gansu had the
lowest average annual per
capita household income of
22,100 yuan
 Employment
Job Creation and
Unemployment Rate

The average nationwide survey-based jobless rate

dropped to 5.2% in 2023 from 5.6% in 2022.

Industry and Job

Types Common industries include manufacturing,
technology, finance, healthcare, education,
and sales and marketing.

China has over 200 million skilled workers,

roughly 26% of the total labor force.
 03
Cultural Issues
Religion
 Body Language

Nod or slightly bow in Handshake (Common in Hug（Close relationship)

greeting business settings)
 Education

Entering high school through

Kindergarten the High School Entrance Graduate Entrance
Examination examination

4-6 years old 15-18 years old Graduate Student

6-15 years old College Student

Primary School and Middle “Gaokao”----National College
School(Nine-year compulsory Entrance Examination
education)
 Business Customs
Drinking Culture

A way to enhance relationships,

express respect, and build trust in each
other

It serves as a means to strengthen

bonds, with the toasting often leading
to discussions of partnerships or
negotiations during business dinners
 04
Political Issues
 Communist
Party of China
(CPC)
China is a socialist one-party state. On October
1, 1949, Chairman Mao announced the
establishment of the People's Republic of China
in Tiananmen Square in Beijing. The Communist
Party also became the dominant force at that
time
05
Currency
 Chinese Yuan (CNY)
Current
Exchange Exchange
exchange
rate (2021) rate (2014)
rate

CNY ￥1 ￥1 ￥1

CAD $0.19 $0.19 $0.21

USD $0.14 $0.15 $0.16

100 yuan (highest denomination of Chinese

currency)
 06
Trade Barriers
 Tariff

China has been gradually

reducing tariffs in order to
uphold its obligation to the
World Trade Organisation
(WTO), and encourage trade
with other countries. From
32.2% in 1992 to 7.3% in 2023

Average applied tariff rate has

dropped, some industries still
have higher tariffs for
protectitionst reasons
Non-Tariff

China uses a range of

non-tariff trade restrictions.
These consist of regulatory
barriers, technical standards,
licencing requirements, and
quotas.

These non-tariff barriers can

be difficult for foreign
companies to navigate
 World Trade Organization
(WTO) Membership

On December 11, 2001,

China joined the World Trade
Organization (WTO).

China continued to be the world's

largest exporter of goods in 2022,
while its percentage of global
exports fell to 14% (from 15% in
2021). Total Chinese exports
amounted to $3.71 trillion in 2022
and the largest exporter of goods in
the world since 2009
07 Balance of Payment
Top 5 Imports

1. Electrical machinery, equipment: $644.7

billion (23.7% of total imports)
2. Mineral fuels including oil: $535.3 billion
(19.7%)
3. Ores, slag, ash: $224.7 billion (8.3%)
4. Machinery including computers: $202.1
billion (7.4%)
5. Gems, precious metals: $103.7 billion
(3.8%)
Top 5 Exports

1. Electrical machinery, equipment: $954.8

billion (26.6% of total exports)
2. Machinery including computers: $552
billion (15.4%)
3. Vehicles: $150.2 billion (4.2%)
4. Plastics, plastic articles: $143.5 billion
(4%)
5. Furniture, bedding, lighting, sign,
prefabricated buildings: $110.3 billion
(3.6%)
Major Trading Partners

1. United States: $582.8 billion (16.2% of

China’s total exports)
2. Hong Kong: $297.5 billion (8.3%)
3. Japan: $172.9 billion (4.8%)
4. South Korea: $162.6 billion (4.5%)
5. Vietnam: $147 billion (4.1)

Canada is ranked 21, with over $53 billion

dollars worth of goods and services exported
to us from China in 2022
China and Canada - best
friends!?
China is Canada’s second most important
bilateral commercial partner (or third if we
count EU-27 as a whole)

The minister of foreign trade diversification set

a goal to increase international trade by 50% by
2025, and with China being the second biggest
economy and Canada’s second-most significant
bilateral trade partner. China has become a
crucial market for Canada
China and Canada - best
friends!?
08 Other Issues
Significant Historical Events

The collapse of the Wars

Qing Dynasty in 1912
Opium Wars, World War II, Chinese Civil War…
End to centuries of imperial rule
The Communist victory in 1949 led to the
triggered new political & economic
establishment of the People's Republic of China.
structures

Deng Xiaoping's
Reforms (late Belt and Road
1970s–1990s) Initiative (2013)
The beginning of China's rapid economic A massive infrastructure and economic
transformation development project aimed at enhancing
China's global influence
 Infrastructure

High-Speed Rail
Network Three Gorges Dam
 Corruption

Reasons of corruption:
● Political Patronage
● Lack of Transparency

Solutions:
● Anti-Corruption Campaigns
● Political Disciplinary
Actions
● Public Engagement &
Whistleblower Protection
FDI
Recommendation
 References
● Castillo, L. (2023, December 16). China income distribution statistics. Gitnux.
https://gitnux.org/china-income-distribution-statistics/
● World Population Review. (2024). China population 2024 (Live). World Population Review.
https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/china-population
● China Natural Resource. China Natural Resource: land, water, mineran, plant & animal. (n.d.).
https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-guide/china-natural-resource.htm
● China railway map. China Railway Maps, 2023 Train Map of High Speed Rail, PDF Download. (n.d.).
https://www.travelchinaguide.com/china-trains/railway-map.htm
● Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://kids.britannica.com/students/assembly/view/137856
● Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Manufacturing of China. Encyclopædia Britannica.
https://www.britannica.com/place/China/Manufacturing
● Wikimedia Foundation. (2023, October 19). List of regions of China. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_of_China
● Wikimedia Foundation. (2024a, January 12). Corruption in China. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_China
● Wikimedia Foundation. (2024b, January 14). Geography of China. Wikipedia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_China#Generalities
 References

● Canada, G. A. (2021, February 17). Government of Canada. GAC.

https://www.international.gc.ca/trade-commerce/economist-economiste/analysis-analyse/china-ca
nada-2020-commerce-chine.aspx?lang=eng
● Workman, D. (2023b, March 29). Countries. China’s Top Imports 2022.
https://www.worldstopexports.com/chinas-top-10-imports/
● Workman, D. (n.d.). Countries. China’s Top Trading Partners 2022 & 2023.
https://www.worldstopexports.com/chinas-top-import-partners/
● Workman, D. (2023c, November 27). Countries. China’s Top Exports 2022 & 2023.
https://www.worldstopexports.com/chinas-top-10-exports/
Thank you for listening

Q&A