WASHING MACHINE

Title: TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE (ELECTRICAL PARTS)

Performance Objective: Given one Learning Outcome of the qualification assigned to you, you should be able
to trouble shoot electrical parts of washing machine..

Supplies/Materials : sand paper, electrical tape, soldering lead

Equipment : washing machine ,Multi tester

Steps/Procedure:

PROBLEM POSSIBLE CAUSE REMEDY

Power failure or plug dropped off Insert plug well
Pulsator
V-belt dropped off Put on V-belt properly
Ceased
Pulley loosened Tighten pulley screw
Running
Foreign matter jammed pulsator Get it away

Abnormal Friction between pulsator and wash

Adjust the gap between them
tub
Noise and Pulsator is jammed by foreign
Get it away
matter
Vibration Over tightened V-belt Adjust properly

Pulsator Adjust properly or replace with

Stackened V-belt
Runs at new one
Low speed Motor fixing screws loosened Tighten V-belt and screws
Note:
1. Determine the description of the values and ratings of the individual defective parts from the manufacturer’s
service manual
2. Identify the sources of replacement components/parts
● Original replacement components from the original factory sources

● Universal replacement components from independent factory sources

● Always consider the physical size of the replacement part

3. Consider the factors in the selection of specific part
● Quality – the ability to provide exact value or specification to replacement part

● Tolerance – the ability to provide exact value or acceptable parameters to replacement parts

● Availability – local access to parts and whether the parts are available
 ● Price – it refers to the affordability of the replacement parts at a reasonable price
4. Disconnect or remove properly the electrical/mechanical parts of an washing machine
5. Install correctly replacement part/components in existing washing machine

Diagnosing Faults of a Electric-fan

MECHANICAL FAULTS
PROBLEM/ CHECKS TO MADE SYSTEM DEFECTS/FAULTS
SYMPTOMS
1. Doesn’t rotate A. Check for Bent Shaft Defective rotor
B. Verify if Shaft is seized Defective rotor and end belts
2. Starts to rotate by Defective Motor
A. Check if The Motor is binding up
manually
3. Rotation is slow A. Check if shaft is slightly bent Defective rotor
Defective Rotor Inadequate
B. Check for an Oil and dirt build up
lubricant with accumulated dirt
C. Verify if oil is sufficient Poor lubrication
4. Noisy operation Defective yoke or motor metal
A. Check for any Worn bearing
cover
B. Check for Loose guard mark Loose guard mark screw
C. Check Loose guard fitter Tighten guard mark fitter
D. Check for Improperly balanced blade Effective fan blade
or broken blade
E. Check for Loose spinner Tighten spinner
F. Check if there is too much front to Worn out shaft washers
back play in the motor shaft
Poor lubrication with
G. Check for an Oil and dirt build up
accumulated dirt
H. Check if oil is sufficient Inadequate lubricant
I. Check for any improper mounting of Misaligned front and rear
the front and/or rear guard guards
J. Check if there are Loose screws Tighten screws
K. Check for rotor rubbing against Misaligned and dirt buildup in
housing insulation or wiring the rotor
5. No oscillation or A. Check for broken, stripped or bent Defective clutch assembly or
unsteady oscillation part in clutch or knee joint system knee joint system
B. Check for Slippage or wear of worm Defective worm wheel
wheel
C. Check for Disengagement of clutch Untighten clutch cover
cover
D. Check for Disengage oscillating rod Untighten oscillating rod set
set screw screw
E. Check for Broken oscillating rod pin Defective knee joint upper part
 assembly
F. Check for Disengage and loose gear Untighten gear set screw
set screw
G. Check for Bent oscillating rod Defective oscillating rod
H. Check for Disengaged and loose Defective clutch shaft
clutch ball
I. Check for Bent yoke (frame) shaft Defective yoke shaft
J. Check for Worn rotor shaft worm Defective rotor
7. Unsteady oscillation A. Check for worm wheel Defective worm gear
B. Check for Excessive thrust Misaligned thrust
C. Check for Bent yoke (frame) shaft Defective shaft
D. Check for Loosen oscillating rod set Tighten set pin and calk pin
pin
E. Check for Loosen oscillating rod Tighten rod set screws calk
screw screws
F. Check for Excessive oscillating rod Defective oscillating rod
bore
G. Check for Worm gear shaft metal Defective cover
H. Check for Disengaged gear set Tighten gear set screws
screws
I. Check for Excessive gear thrust Misaligned thrust
8. Unsteady or A. Check for Clogging of free stop Misaligned bushing
imperfect vertical movement bushing

PROBLEM/SYMPTOMS
Doesn’t rotate
Starts to rotate by manually
turning the shaft
B. ELECTRICAL FAULTS
CHECKS TO MADE SYSTEM DEFECTS/FAULTS
Check for Open stator Defective stator
Check for Open AC cord or wiring Defective wiring/AC cord
Check for Open AC line fuse Defective fuse
Check for Open thermal cut-off (inside Defective thermal cut-off
the motor)
Check for Open speed selector switch Defective switch/electronic system
control
Check for Defective system control module(system control)
Check for Shorted capacitor Defective capacitor
Check for Open start winding Defective stator

POSSIBLE FAULTS AND CORRESPONDING REMEDIES

TROUBLE POSSIBLE FAULTS CORRESPONDING

REMEDIES
Bent shaft Replace (Note 1) motor
assembly
Doesn’t Rotate Open switch Replace switch
Shaft is seized Replace rotor and end bell
(Note 1)
Open stator Replace (Note 2) motor
Rotation assembly
Open AC cord or wiring Repair or replace
 Starts to rotate by Start winding is open Repair lead wire to winding or
manually turning the replace stator
shaft Shorted capacitor Replace capacitor
Motor is binding up See Note 3
Bent shaft Replace (Note 1) motor
Rotation is slow assembly
Oil and dirt buildup Clean and lubricate
Lack of oil Lubricate
Worn bearing Replace yoke or its cover
(Note4)
Noise Noisy Loose guard mark Fasten guard mark screw
Loose guard fitter Tighten
Improperly balanced or Replace Blade
broken blade
Loose spinner Tighten
Too much front to back Adjust by adding shaft washers
play in the motor shaft (Note 4)
Oil and dirt buildup Clean and lubricate
Lack of oil Lubricate
Improper mounting of the Re – adjust
front and/or rear guard
Loose screws Tighten
Rotor rubbing against Disassemble, clean and adjust if
housing insulation or wiring necessary
Oscillation No oscillation or Broken, stripped or bent Visually inspect and repair or
Unsteady oscillation part in clutch or knee joint replace as necessary
system

Diagnosing Faults of a Flat Iron/Rice Cooker

ELECTRICAL FAULTS

Troubles Possible Causes

1. Electric iron does not heat. Open circuit/defective outlet
Open AC line chord
Loose or open Terminal connections
Defective Heat controller-selector switch/Rotary switch
Blown thermal fuse
2. Electric iron gives abnormal temperature. Grounded wire
Loose contacts between terminals
Heating element
 Common Symptoms/Defects of Television System

POWER SUPPLY SECTION TUNER SECTION

● No power

● Standby power ● No picture

● Intermittent power ● Snowy picture

AUDIO SECTION VIDEO SECNTIO

● No sound ● No picture

● Intermittent sound ● Intermittent picture

● Distorted sound ● Distorted picture

● Weak sound ● Blurred picture

Pre-Testing Procedures in Diagnosing Faults for Television

IF POSSIBLE CAUSE HOW TO FIX

Unit cannot turn-on

● Is ac power cord properly
plugged-in?
● Visually check ac power
cord if there is loose
connection in power plug.
● Plug-in properly the ac cord
plug

No picture
● Is matching transformer ● Visually check antenna
Intermittent picture
properly connected to the connector of CTV.
antenna connector of the
● Match transformer and re-
CTV?
connect the balloon coil
inside the connector.
Dim picture
● Is brightness mode ● Set to menu set-up and go
adjustment on? to brightness control
adjustment and press +
button to adjust the
brightness of the CTV.

No sound with picture

● Is mute mode off?
● Set to menu set-up and go
to mute mode and press the
off mode and press the vol.
+ button and listen to the
sound output.

In LCD TVs, this light was provided by a series of cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs) which
were placed at the back of the screen.
Procedure in Repairing Video Products

Difference between LCD & LED LCD TV

Troubleshooting steps for common TV problems

Picture settings
Can’t find your recommended settings
• Check to see if model was reviewed.
• Click ‘Settings’ tab at top of review page.
• If we did not review your model, visit our calibration page.
• Screen is too dark
• Increase ‘Backlight’ setting (‘Brightness’ on Sony TVs).

Colors look wrong

Skin tones look wrong
• Reset white balance and color space adjustments to default.
• Use different color tone/temperature.
• Use different picture mode.
Blacks look gray
• Reset the ‘Brightness’ setting (‘Black level’ on Sony TVs).
• Make sure source and TV RGB settings match.
• Enable local dimming.
• Note: If IPS LED TV, blacks will always look gray.
• Note: All LED TVs have lighter blacks than plasma and OLED.
Brighter spots in dark scenes
• Gently massage affected area with soft cloth to improve.
• Note: This is a common issue, so if there is no improvement, only make a return if it is so bad
that it ruins your viewing experience.
TV not displaying maximum resolution
• In source menu, set output to your TV’s maximum resolution (if available).
 • Note: No other fix. This is just the signal resolution.
TV not outputting sound

• Make sure HDMI or audio cable(s) are securely connected to both TV and
receiver/headphones.
• Make sure TV is set to output audio to your source device (sound settings).
• Make sure source device is outputting compatible sound (PCM, DTS, Dolby Digital are safe
bets).
• Try different audio cable.
• See if other devices can play on receiver.
• If receiver does not work for anything, contact receiver manufacturer’s support.
• If receiver does work for other devices, contact TV manufacturer’s support.
Sound is delayed
• If using external speakers, try ‘lip sync’ or ‘audio delay’ feature on receiver.
• If using TV’s speakers, try ‘lip sync’ or ‘audio delay’ on TV.
• Set input to PC mode.
Remote doesn’t work properly
• Try pointing remote at all corners; see if one works/works better.
• Move objects away from front of TV (sound bar, etc).
• Move cable/satellite box farther from TV.
• Re-pair the remote with the TV (if possible).
• Replace remote batteries.
• Contact manufacturer support.
INNER PARTS OF TELEVISION
SPEAKER
 PUMUPUTOK ANG FUSE
1. Check the Varistor Protector. For AC Supply, it is connected before the Rectifier Diodes. This
may come with shorted defect especially when the unit is plugged in 220v supply. This appears
with high resistance on both reverse and forward test. Ohmmeter range Rx10K.
2. Check each of the Rectifier Diode; This may come neither short nor open condition.
3. Check also the Filter Capacitor, it can be in short or open condition.

LOW OUTPUT VOLTAGE

1. Check the Filter Capacitor; this can neither leak nor short.

Check the regulator if good or bad, this can be open on Base, Emitter, Collector, and ifthe resistors
are functioning ,This resistor helps the regulator prevent from being damaged.
2. Check the Transistor Drive; this is located besides the regulator, this can neither be shorted or
open.
3. Make resistance reading in all resistors near the regulator. Bear in mind that when testing
component , always remove the component to tested to obtain accurate measurement.

MGA URI NG REGULATOR

1. Transistor Regulator
2. IC Regulator
3. SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)
4. MOSFET Regulator
5. TRIAC Regulator
 AUTO TYPE POWER SUPPLY-
1. Ang Auto type Power Supply, ay gumagamit ng Chopper Transformer, Ferrite Core ang
gamitnito. Mayroonitong Primary at Secondary winding.
2. I-check ang first Filter Capacitor kung nakakapititosa board. Dapat may palo sa forward at
walasa reverse. Kung pumaloparehassa forward at reverse test, Shorted ang power
supply.
3. Tanggalinsng Regulator saboard,.I test ulit ang first Filter Capacitor, kapagpumaloulitsa
reverse at forward may sira ang mga Diode. Bagodumating ang first Filter Capacitor at
walang palo sa reverse o forward test ng first Filter Capacitor, may sirana ang
Regulator(Shorted).
4. I- check ang mga Mylar Capacitor.Nasisira din ito at kadalasan ay nag sho-short ito.
5. I-check ang Regulator Drive Transistor. Madalasitong mag short at mag open
nanagigingdahilanito nghindipag Oscillate ng Power Supply.

Note:Lagingtanggalinsa board ang mgapiyesangite-test paramakasigurosatamangsukat o

value.

AUDIO SECTION
Dalwanguri ang Audio Circuits ng TV, ito ay ang IC Type at Transistor Type.
No Sound: IC Type
1. I-check ang supplying IC Amplifier. Sukatin kung may makukuhang 12v up to 16v.
2. Kung walangmasukatna Supply, i-check Fusible Resistor nanagmumulasa FBT.
Madalasitongmasunogaat mag open lalona kung may shorted sa Audio Circuits.
3. I-check ang Diode ( Fastecovery Diode). Madalasitong mag short at ito ang
dahilanupangmasunog ang Fusible Resistor. Tandaan, kung mag short ang Diode (fast
Recovery Diode), ganun din ang ipapalit.
4. I-check ang IC. Ito ang main part kung bakit may Sound ang TV. Kung nasukat na ang supply
at wala pa ring naririnignaugong, maaaringsira ang IC Amplifier. Palitanito ng bago.
Weak Sound
1. I-check ang Sond Crystal 4.5MHz. Hindi Ito kayangi-test ng ordinary tester. Mag
actukalnapalit para makasiguro.
2. I-check ang SIF Transformer. Pihitinito ng pakaliwa atpakanan ng dahan-
dahanhanggangsagumanda ang sound. Iwasan lang namabasag ang Ferrite Core saloob ng
SIFTransformerdahilmaaaringmagsanhiito ng distortion.
3. I-check ang mga Filter Capacitor saSound Section. Maaariitonagkaroon ng Corosion o
kalawangnamagingdahilan para humina ang sound.
4. I-check din ang supply sa Amplifier. Kung humina o bumaba ang supply humihina din ang
sound output.
5. I-check ang IC Amplifier,maaring weak naitosakatagalan ng paggamit. Mag actual nap alit
para makaigurongmaganda ang sound.
6. I-check ang jungle IC dahilnandito ang Sound Detector.

Distorted Sound
 1. I-check ang mga Resistor nanakapaligidsa Audio Section. Nagkakaroonng leak ang mga
resistor at ito ang dahilanupangmagkaroon ng Distorted Sound.
2. I-check ang mga Filter Capacitor .Maaaring may leak ang isasamga filter. Palitanito ng ba go
para makasigurongmaayos ang sound.
3. I-check ang dalwang Transistor. Madalas mag short o mag open ito.
4. I-check ang mga Resistor nanakapaligidsa Audio Section dahilsamataas ang supply
napumapasoksa Section nasanhi ng paginit ng resistor. Maaariitongmagkaroon ng leak at
open.
5. I-check ang mga Filter Capacitor nanakapagilidsa Audio Section. Ang mataasna supply ditto
ang nagsasanhi ng pagkakaroon ng leak. Mag actual nap alit para samaayosnaresulta.
Note:Lagingtanggalinsapagkahinang ang mgapiyesangite-test para makasigurongtama ang value.
Distorted Sound
1. Kung paano ang proseso ng IC Type, ganun din ang paraan kung paanoi-check.
2. Hulingi-test ang Jungle IC.

INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.How can you hasten the etching of the pcb?

Answer: Shake the plastic basing while etching, Use warm water in etching

2. What should you do if a break in the copper line occurs after etching?

Answer: Add a jumper

3.What would you do if after soldering the components you noticed that the circuit is not working?

Answer: Check if there is cold solder existing

4. After testing the assembled product, you noticed that the product is not working, what are the
possible causes?
Answer: Cold solder, wrong component placement, wrong polarity

5. After inspecting the pcb you noticed a crack at the copper line, what would you do?

Answer: Apply enough solder if the crack is small to bridge the crack or if it is long, apply a
jumper wire
6. What is the first thing you must do after pre-heating the soldering iron and before applying
soldering work?
Answer: Do the tinning process

7. What are the precautionary measures to apply when soldering semiconductor

materials like transistor?
Answer: Do not overheat. Apply enough heat. Place a conductive material to the body of
the transistor to absorb heat during soldering

8. When doing soldering work for European countries, what regulation should you observe?
Answer: Apply leadless or lead-free soldering wire

9. When doing soldering work using lead what safety precaution are you going to do?
Answer: Use mask to avoid inhaling the fumes by using mask

10. What are you going to do with the excess solder on the tip of the iron?
Answer: Get a dump sponge and wipe the tip of the iron.

11. What would you do if the power supply is not producing an output voltage?
Give probable causes.

Answer: Check for the simple stuff first, like the power cables and main line before doing
internal checking
 Wrong connection
 Capacitor is not working
12. What if you found out that the cause of the trouble is the diode in the regulator section of power
supply, how are you going to check a diode if it is not in the circuit?

Answer: Check the diode resistance or do a resistance-check using an ohmmeter

13. How are you going to check transformer using an ohmmeter?
 Answer: Put the selector switch of an ohmmeter to lowest range (RX1, X10). Connect the
prods to both terminals of the primary wires of the transformer, it should read
low resistance. Do the same to secondary wires or terminals of the transformer and it should
exhibit low resistance measurement also.

14. What if you found out that the regulator section is not working? How would you resolve the
trouble?
Answer: By measuring the input and output of each section or by applying signal tracing
method.
15. After long years of operation, the value of the resistor across the output has changed, the
resistance became lower than the normal value. What would be the effect to its output?

Answer: The resistance will draw more current

16. What is the first thing you must do if after long hours operation the smoke comes out from the
circuit?
Answer: Unplug the device

17. What procedure are you going to take to measure unknown voltages?

Answer: Put the selector switch to highest range

18. What procedure are you going to observe/take when measuring DC quantities?

Answer: Observe polarity. Place the selector switch to DC function

19. What procedure are you going to observe when repairing power supply?

Answer: Stored voltage on capacitor especially when it is large; Discharge the stored
voltage on the capacitor before doing repair work.

20. What safety precaution are you going to observe when working with the input of the transformer
inside the power supply?
Answer: Be careful and you must be properly insulated when working with high electrical
voltages. The input of the transformer is connected at the 220VAC which can be harmful or
even kill you.
21. What accessories you should not wear during troubleshooting of power supply?

Answer: Conductive materials like jewelries (necklace or bracelet).

22. What should you wear when troubleshooting a power supply?

Answer: Wear rubber shoes. Wear goggles to protect your eyes

 Troubleshooting of 15 Watts Acoustic Amplifier

NO SOUND (open components)

- Check the voltage output of power supply
- Check the connection
- Check volume control/ speaker open
- Check the main cap of amplifier
- Circuit tracing /cut circuit
- Open transistor (BC547)
- Open electrolytic and Mylar capacitor
- Main IC ( AN 1516) defective
NO POWER ( No voltage Output )
- Check the voltage output 12v. output going to amplifier
-AC cord, Fuse, Transformer, Diode, Connections,
Switch ..etc..
DISTORTED SOUND( mostly shorted components)
- Shorted main capacitor of amplifier
- Shorted mylar capacitor
- Shorted transistor
- Cut circuit/ out of ground
- Low voltage output
WEAK SOUND or MOTOR BOATING

- Weak main capacitor

- Leak or shorted Transistor
- Weak volume control / Switches
- Low voltage Output
- Out of ground
- Speaker