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Economy Today 14th Edition Schiller
Test Bank
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Chapter 06 Test Bank
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1. Which of the following is included in the labor force?

A. A student who is still in school but not working or looking for work.
B. A part-time store clerk who is looking for another job.
C. A person who voluntarily runs a charity.
D. A person who spends the entire day taking care of his or her own young children at home.
2. Who among the following is included in the labor force?

A. A hardworking homemaker who does not want to be employed outside the home.
B. A man doing 10 years in prison for armed robbery.
C. The president of Microsoft.
D. A retired commander of the armed forces.
3. People are not part of the labor force when they

A. Go on vacation.
B. Are old enough to work but choose not to work.
C. Suffer from a temporary illness that keeps them away from their job.
D. None of the choices are correct.
4. The labor force participation rate is the number

A. Of unemployed divided by the number of employed.
B. Of employed divided by the number in the labor force.
C. Of employed divided by the total population.
D. In the labor force divided by the working-age population.
5. When the labor force participation rate is declining, the

A. Unemployment rate is rising faster than the total population rate.
B. Percentage of the working-age population that is outside the labor force is declining.
C. Percentage of the working-age population that is willing and able to work is declining.
D. Percentage of the total population that is employed is rising.
6. Jack graduated from college last month, but he has not yet started looking for a job. Jack is
A. Frictionally unemployed.
B. Structurally unemployed.
C. A discouraged worker and is part of the unemployment statistic.
D. Not part of the labor force and is not counted in the unemployment rate.
7. Production possibilities are the

A. Alternative combinations of output that can be produced using all available resources and technology.
B. Various production methods that producers can employ.
C. Various types of input that each manufacturing facility can choose to employ.
D. Percentage of output produced by each worker.
8. As of 2010, approximately what percentage of the U.S. population participated in the civilian labor force?
A. 30 percent.
B. 40 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 60 percent.
9. For the labor force to definitely increase,

A. There must be an increase in total population.
B. There must be an increase in immigration.
C. People must turn from being discouraged workers into people actively seeking employment.
10. If a nation experiences a year of unusually high immigration that increases the size of the labor force, we can
conclude that the
A. Nation will choose a different point on the production possibilities curve.
B. Nation's production possibilities curve will shift outward.
C. Nation's production possibilities curve will shift inward.
D. Nation's capital per worker will rise.
11. The production possibilities curve
A. Represents the different quantities of goods society can consume while operating at full employment.
B. Must shift outward every year.
C. Is another name for the aggregate demand curve.
D. Tends to increase as the population grows.
12. Which of the following would not increase the physical production possibilities curve?
A. Greater constraints for oil drilling companies.
B. Increased availability of factors of production.
C. Increased technology.
13. From 1950 until 2000, the labor force participation rate has
A. Increased for men and increased for women.
B. Decreased for men and decreased for women.
C. Increased for men and decreased for women.
D. Decreased for men and increased for women.
14. The benefits to the United States of outsourcing include all of the following except
A. Foreign firms insource or send jobs to the United States.
B. U.S. productivity rises, resulting in higher profits at U.S. firms that outsource.
C. Higher domestic labor cost for U.S. firms.
D. Greater domestic investment by U.S. firms that outsource.
15. If more teenagers stay in school longer rather than dropping out and entering the labor force,
A. The production possibilities curve shifts outward.
B. The production possibilities curve shifts inward.
C. The production possibilities curve remains unchanged.
D. The unemployment rate goes up.
16. When the economy is below full employment, it is producing

A. On the production possibilities curve.
B. Beyond the production possibilities curve.
C. Inside the production possibilities curve.
17. Unemployment is defined as

A. The active search and inability of labor force participants to find jobs.
B. The active search and inability of citizens to find jobs that utilize their capabilities.
C. The proportion of the total population that is unemployed.
D. A decrease in the labor force.
18. According to Okun's Law, if unemployment rises by 5 percent while imports and exports increase at roughly
the same rate, the economy will lose output equal to
A. 1 percent.
B. 2 percent.
C. 5 percent.
D. 10 percent.
19. The observation that a 1 percent increase in unemployment leads to a 2 percent decrease in real output is
known as
A. A recession.
B. A Lucas Wedge.
C. Okun's Law.
D. Under allocation of resources.
20. All of the following are true about Okun's Law except
A. It quantifies the relationship between unemployment and the production possibilities curve.
B. It allows a dollar value to be assigned to the cost of unemployment.
C. It indicates that there is a negative 2:1 relationship between output and unemployment.
D. It indicates that GDP is not affected by unemployment.
21. The macro consequence of unemployment is

A. Lost output for the economy.
B. Lost income for the individual worker.
C. A leftward shift in the production possibilities curve.
D. A 1 percent decrease in GDP for every 1 percent decrease in unemployment.
22. Those that work part-time and do not desire full-time employment are referred to as
A. Employed.
B. The phantom unemployed.
C. Underemployed.
D. Discouraged workers.
23. To be officially counted as unemployed, one must be

A. Either not working or working only part-time.
B. Not employed at a full-time job.
C. Actively seeking employment and currently not working.
24. The proportion of the labor force that is unemployed is the

A. Employment index.
B. Underemployed rate.
C. Unemployment rate.
D. Okun's Law.
25. The most widely used measure of the unemployment rate is found by the
A. U.S. Department of Labor in surveys of businesses to determine the number of employees as a percentage
of the total labor force.
B. U.S. Census Bureau in monthly surveys that examine whether people are working or are willing to work.
C. U.S. Census Bureau in its census of the population every 10 years.
D. Council of Economic Advisers, which summarizes its nationwide surveys in its yearly report to the president.
26. If the population of a country is 250,000 people, its labor force consists of 145,000 people, 35,000 people are
unemployed, 10,000 are unable to work, and 5,000 are unwilling to work, the unemployment rate is
A. 22.1 percent.
B. 14.0 percent.
C. 24.1 percent.
D. 19.4 percent.
27. Suppose that in a population of 50 million persons, 40 million are in the labor force, 36 million are employed, 2
million are classified as unable to work, and 1 million are classified as unwilling to work. The unemployment
rate is
A. 10.0 percent.
B. 72.0 percent.
C. 8.0 percent.
D. 80.0 percent.
28. Suppose a country has 10 million people. Three-fourths of those individuals are in the labor force, with 500,000
unemployed. Full employment occurs at 5 percent. Based on this information, what is the unemployment rate?
A. 6.67 percent.
B. 75 percent.
C. 7.5 percent.
D. 5 percent.
29. Suppose a country has 1 billion people. 75 percent of its citizens are in the labor force, with 90 million unemployed.
Full employment occurs at 2 percent. Based on this information, by what percentage has real output failed to reach
its potential according to the revised Okun's Law?
A. 2 percent.
B. 10 percent.
C. 12 percent.
D. 20 percent.
30. Suppose a country has 1 billion people. 75 percent of its citizens are in the labor force, with 90 million unemployed.
Full employment occurs at 2 percent. Based on this information, what is the unemployment rate?
A. 12.0 percent.
B. 25.0 percent.
C. 9.0 percent.
D. 8.3 percent.
31.
What was the unemployment rate in 2004 in Table 6.1?
A. 3.9 percent.
B. 75 percent.
C. 3.3 percent.
D. 2.5 percent.
32.
A. 12.7 percent.
B. 72.7 percent.
C. 51.6 percent.
D. 17.5 percent.
33.
What was the labor force participation rate in 2004 in Table 6.1?
A. 18.3 percent.
B. 133.3 percent.
C. 75.0 percent.
D. 77.5 percent.
34.
Based on Table 6.2, what was the labor force participation rate in 1998?
A. 5.88 percent.
B. 8.33 percent.
C. 70.58 percent.
D. 76.47 percent.
35.
Based on Table 6.2, what was the unemployment rate in 1999?
A. 8.42 percent.
B. 10.96 percent.
C. 68.42 percent.
D. 76.84 percent.
36.
A. 77.27 percent.
B. 65.45 percent.
C. 11.81 percent.
D. 18.05 percent.
37.
What is the number of unemployed in Year 1 in Table 6.3?
A. 90 million.
B. 94 million.
C. 106 million.
D. 4 million.
38.
What is the unemployment rate in Year 5 in Table 6.3?
A. 7.4 percent.
B. 6.9 percent.
C. 4.0 percent.
D. 54.0 percent.
39.
What is the labor force participation rate in Year 1 in Table 6.3?
A. 96.4 percent.
B. 3.6 percent.
C. 53.0 percent.
D. 55.0 percent.
40. There is a/an ________________ relationship between educational level of the labor force and the
unemployment rate.
A. direct relationship
B. positive relationship
C. cyclical relationship
D. inverse relationship
41. Which of the following groups typically has the highest unemployment rate?
A. White teenagers.
B. Black adults.
C. White adult females.
D. Black teenagers.
42. Which of the following groups generally has the lowest unemployment rate?
A. High school dropouts.
B. High school graduates with no further education.
C. College dropouts.
D. College graduates.
43. When an economy enters a recession, the

A. Duration of unemployment rises.
B. Cost of unemployment falls.
C. Number of unemployed falls.
D. Number of discouraged workers falls.
44. All of the following are true when the economy is growing except
A. Duration of unemployment falls.
B. Costs associated with current unemployment fall.
C. Unemployment rate falls.
D. Underemployment rises.
45. Which of the following falls into the largest unemployment category during a recession?
A. A recent college graduate entering the labor force for the first time.
B. A woman who left the labor force to raise children and now wants to return to work.
C. A factory worker who is laid off because of a temporary plant closing.
D. A teenager looking for his or her first summer job.
46. Of the following reasons for unemployment, which will increase most because of a recession?
A. Job losers.
B. Reentrants.
C. New entrants.
D. Job leavers.
47. Discouraged workers

A. Do not actively seek employment although they desire to be employed.
B. Are part of the labor force.
C. Are workers who are unhappy in their jobs.
D. Are counted as part of total unemployment.
48. Which of the following is considered a discouraged worker?

A. A professional football player who is forced to play a new position.
B. A professional football player who gets cut after the preseason schedule has been completed.
C. A professional football coach coming off a 0
D A retired professional football player who tried to make a comeback but found no one was willing to give him a
. tryout, so he no longer looks for a job.
49. After a fruitless two-year search for a job, a former executive gives up and decides to live off the land in the
Rocky Mountains. This former executive is considered
A. A discouraged worker.
C. One of the phantom unemployed.
D. Underemployed.
50.
What was the unemployment rate in Nationland in 1999?
A. 7.6 percent.
B. 7.1 percent.
C. 5.0 percent.
D. 65.0 percent.
51.
What was the labor force participation rate in Nationland in 2000?
A. 67.0 percent.
B. 65.0 percent.
C. 72.0 percent.
D. 72.7 percent.
52.
If discouraged workers are included in the labor force, what was the unemployment rate for 1999?
A. 3.0 percent.
B. 9.7 percent.
C. 10.8 percent.
D. 2.8 percent.
53.
A. 18.6 percent.
B. 3.8 percent.
C. 4.3 percent.
D. 15.7 percent.
54. Suppose there are 6 million unemployed workers actively seeking a job. After a period of time, 1,500,000 of
these workers become discouraged and no longer look for employment. If everything else remains constant,
the unemployment rate will
A. Decrease.
B. Increase.
C. Remain unchanged until the unemployed find a job.
D. Increase initially but decrease when the phantom unemployed receive unemployment benefits.
55. Individuals who are working part-time while seeking full-time employment are classified as
A. Unemployed.
B. Underemployed.
C. Discouraged workers.
D. Phantom unemployed.
56. Underemployment is defined as

A. Individuals desiring to work but who are discouraged by the process and have given up looking.
B. People who have been laid off because of a recession and have little chance of finding a job.
C. Individuals who are lazy and will not go out looking for a job but say they are looking.
D. People seeking full-time paid employment but work only part-time or are employed at jobs below their capability.
57. Underemployment refers to

A. The same thing as unemployment.
B. A person who is lazy and not working hard at her job.
C. A person who is not able to use her full capabilities in her job.
D. A discouraged worker.
58. Part-time workers who desire full-time employment are

A. Underemployed and contribute to the unemployment statistic.
B. Underemployed but do not contribute to the unemployment statistic.
C. Not part of the labor force and do not contribute to the unemployment statistic.
D. Discouraged workers and contribute to the unemployment statistic.
59. Suppose a student graduates from college with a civil engineering degree and is now employed to grade papers,
answer the phone, and make copies-tasks that are below the graduate's capabilities. The graduate can best be
classified as
C. Phantom unemployed.
D. Underemployed.
60. The phantom unemployed are

A. People who report that they are actively seeking a job even when they have little or no intention of finding one.
B. People who want a job but aren't looking because they don't expect to find one.
C. People who lack the skills to be employed.
D. Workers with very high rates of absenteeism.
61. The official unemployment statistics may exaggerate the significance of unemployment by including the
A. Underemployed.
B. Phantom unemployed.
C. Discouraged worker.
D. High school dropout.
62. Suppose there are 4 million people in an economy that are classified as unemployed. After a more thorough
investigation, it becomes obvious that 200,000 of these people are actually phantom unemployed. As a result
of this discovery, the unemployment rate will
A. Decrease.
B. Increase.
63. Which of the following groups could increase in size and cause a significantly higher unemployment rate?
A. Discouraged workers.
B. Underemployed workers.
D. Children under the age of 16.
64. A 30-year-old stay-at-home son tells his parent he is looking for work but cannot find a job. When the parent
finds the son a job, he refuses to take it. The 30-year-old can best be classified as
C. Structurally unemployed.
D. Underemployed.
65. Which of the following groups would be classified as unemployed when calculating the unemployment rate?
A. Underemployed workers.
B. Discouraged workers.
C. The phantom unemployed.
D. Individuals who are neither employed nor actively seeking a job.

A. Not part of the labor force because they do not desire to work.
B. Unemployed and cause the unemployment statistic to overstate the level of unemployment.
C. Discouraged and cause the unemployment statistic to understate the level of unemployment.
D. Classified as cyclically unemployed.
67. All of the following are considered to be human costs of increased unemployment except
A. Admissions to mental institutions.
B. Fatal heart attacks.
C. Decreased stress levels.
68. When the U.S. unemployment rate decreased in the late 1990s, so did all of the following except
A. Poverty rate.
B. Income per capita.
C. Child abuse.
69. Studies have shown that unemployment causes
A. Increased expenditure on food.
B. More spending on child care because more mothers go to work.
C. Increased health problems.
D. Little impact since most people receive unemployment benefits.
70. When migrant workers seek employment after the crops have been picked, the unemployment rate goes up. This
situation is an example of
A. Frictional unemployment.
B. Seasonal unemployment.
C. Structural unemployment.
D. Cyclical unemployment.
71. After the harvest, some farmhands lose their jobs. They are considered to be
A. Cyclically unemployed.
C. Frictionally unemployed.
D. Seasonally unemployed.
72. When there's a shortage in the number of jobs available when teenagers look for summer jobs, the type of
unemployment that arises is called
B. Structural unemployment.
C. Seasonal unemployment.
73. Which of the following types of unemployment would best characterize a snow ski instructor's unemployment
during the summer months?
A. Structural unemployment.
B. Frictional unemployment.
74. After Christmas, retail sales fall and many clerks are laid off until the following Christmas. This is an example
of which of the following types of unemployment?
C. Cyclical unemployment.
D. Seasonal unemployment.
75. The type of unemployment that economists generally associate with normal growth of the labor force and
expanding job opportunities in a dynamic economy is
D. Structural unemployment.
76. Nancy returns to school to study medicine. After graduating and the economy is not in a recession, she spends six
months looking for a job. During this period, she is considered
77. Frictional unemployment could result from each of the following except
A. The reallocation of employees to growing industries.
B. The inability of people to find work during certain seasons of the year.
C. The opportunity for people to leave jobs in which they are underemployed.
78. After being fired from a job, some people find that it may take several months to find a new job in the same type
of work, even when the economy is not in a recession. This is an example of which of the following types of
unemployment?
79. Frictional unemployment goes up when
A. A student quits work to return to school at the end of the summer.
B. A corporation transfers a worker to another city.
C. A worker quits one job to search for another in the same line of work.
D. There is inadequate demand for labor.
80. Frictional unemployment can be distinguished from other types of unemployment in that we assume all of the
following except
A. There is an adequate demand for labor to employ the frictionally unemployed.
B. The frictionally unemployed possess the necessary education and skills to become employed.
C. Search time is relatively short for frictionally unemployed persons.
D. The skills of the frictionally unemployed are no longer in demand.
81. Samantha recently quit her job at the university because she is looking for another job for which she is qualified in
a small town. Samantha is
D. Not part of the labor force and does not contribute to the unemployment rate.
82. When there is a mismatch between the skills required for a job and the skills of job seekers, the unemployment that
results is an example of
83. Structural unemployment occurs when

A. Workers do not have the skills required to fill the vacant positions in the job market.
B. Firms fail in the normal course of business activity.
C. An industry experiences a seasonal downturn.
84. In terms of the musical chairs analogy in the text, which of the following is a description of
structural unemployment?
A. There are too few chairs.
B. There are too many chairs.
C. There are enough chairs, but some are not the right size.
D. There are enough chairs, but it takes time to find one.
th
85. Tom worked at NASA for 13 years. In the 14 year, his job was automated, resulting in him losing his job.
He looked for a new job for 18 months before finding a job in a different line of work that paid less. During his
18-month job search, Tom was considered to be
86. Automobile workers in Detroit who are unemployed because of foreign imports at the same time that job vacancies
exist for coal miners in West Virginia would most likely be classified as
A. Structurally unemployed.
B. Cyclically unemployed.
87. A teenager without a high school diploma is unable to find work because all of the available jobs require a
certain minimum reading skill level which he is not proficient in. Which of the following best characterizes the
teenager's circumstances?
D. Underemployed.
88. Long-term changes in demand that make some goods obsolete (possibly due to technological advancement) are
likely to have their greatest impact on
B. Cyclical unemployment.
C. Frictional unemployment.
89. If workers do not have the skills that are required in the job market, which of the following will occur?
D. Frictional unemployment.
90. In terms of the musical chairs analogy in the text, which of the following is a description of cyclical unemployment?
A. There are too few chairs.

B. There are too many chairs.
C. There are enough chairs, but some are not the right size.
D. There are enough chairs, but it takes time to find one.
91. A U.S. worker who loses his or her job in an import industry because the good is no longer produced would be
classified as, ceteris paribus,
B. Cyclically unemployed.
C. Seasonally unemployed.
D. Structurally unemployed.
92. During an economic downturn, consumers spend considerably less on goods and services. This results in layoffs
that are classified as
A. Cyclical.
B. Structural.
C. Frictional.
D. Seasonal.
93. Which of the following unemployment categories is most clearly related to the rate of growth in real GDP?
A. Structural.
B. Seasonal.
C. Frictional.
D. Cyclical.
94. Which of the following government policies or programs would be most appropriate to offset cyclical
unemployment?
A. Those that stimulate more demand.
B. More job training.
C. Additional job placement services.
D. Additional health services to counter the effects of unemployment.
95. Which of the following government programs would be most appropriate to counteract cyclical unemployment?
A. Increased job placement services.
B. Greater government expenditures to increase GDP.
C. Year-round school.
D. More job training programs.
96. Full employment in the U.S. economy means that

A. Frictional unemployment has been reduced to zero.
B. The total unemployment rate has been reduced to zero.
C. The economy has reached the lowest level of unemployment compatible with price stability.
D Structural unemployment has reached its minimum as a result of increased spending, and the economy is
. moving toward the peak of the business cycle.
97. The lowest level of unemployment compatible with price stability

A. Is referred to as full employment.
B. Is estimated at between 0 and 2 percent unemployment.
C. Allows for some cyclical unemployment.
D. Is equal to the natural rate of unemployment plus the inflation rate.
98. The Employment Act of 1946 set which of the following goals for the economy?
A. A zero unemployment rate.
B. A zero inflation rate.
C. Lowering cyclical and structural unemployment within reasonable but nonspecific bounds.
D. Achieving a 4 percent target in seasonal and frictional unemployment.
99. What is the likely consequence of an unemployment rate falling below the rate at which "full employment" is
achieved?
A. The threat of recession.
B. Increased inflationary pressures.
C. An increase in discouraged workers.
100. During which one of the following decades was the goal of 4 percent unemployment set as an acceptable
compromise between our full employment and inflation goals?
A. 1960s.
B. 1970s.
C. 1980s.
D. 1990s.
101. How have the unemployment components of the natural rate of unemployment changed over the past 20 years?
A. Frictional unemployment has increased and structural unemployment has increased.

B. Frictional unemployment has decreased and structural unemployment has decreased.
C. Frictional unemployment has decreased and structural unemployment has increased.
D. Frictional unemployment has increased and structural unemployment has decreased.
102. Why has structural unemployment in the United States increased over the last 20 years?
A. Rapid technology changes have eliminated the needs for certain skill sets.
B. Companies are increasingly outsourcing certain tasks to cheaper foreign markets.
C. Increased trade with other countries has shut down U.S. factories competing with import industries.
D. All of the choices are correct.
103. The natural rate of unemployment includes

A. Seasonal and cyclical unemployment only.
B. Cyclical and frictional unemployment only.
C. Structural and seasonal unemployment only.
D. Frictional and structural unemployment only.
104. Which of the following was a stated goal of the Humphrey-Hawkins Act?
A. Zero percent unemployment rate.
B. Zero percent inflation rate.
C. 4 percent unemployment rate.
D. 4 percent inflation rate.
105. Unemployment was particularly high during

A. The Great Depression.
B. World War II.
C. The Korean War.
D. The 1980s.
106. Unemployment was fairly low during

A. The Great Depression.
B. World War II.
C. The 1930s.
D. The recession of 1981
107. Unemployment was fairly low during all of the following periods except
A. World War II.
B. The Korean War.
C. The late 1990s.
D. The Great Depression.
108. Outsourcing is the
A. Unemployment that is inevitable when jobs leave a country.
B. Relocation of production from domestic companies to foreign countries.
C. Loss of output because of an increase in unemployment.
D. Movement of workers to foreign countries where there are more jobs.
109. All of the following are true about outsourcing of jobs except that it
A. Occurs because labor is cheaper in other countries.
B. Increases specialization.
C. Reduces costs and increases profits for companies.
D. Ultimately leaves the United States worse off.
110. When jobs are outsourced,

A. Unemployment increases significantly.
B. Corporations lose money.
C. The economy begins to collapse.
D. Production possibilities expand.
111. As a result of outsourcing,

A. Domestic workers may become more productive.
B. Profits decrease for domestic companies.
C. GDP definitely decreases.
D. Unemployment must increase in the long run.
112. One cartoon in the text shows a contented rich man saying, "I don't like six-percent unemployment either. But I can
live with it." The point is that
A. Not everyone experiences the effects of unemployment equally.
B. Everyone agrees that unemployment should be the top priority for government action.
C. No one can avoid unemployment or the effects of unemployment.
D. It is good to be an independent analyst because those types of jobs are always in demand.
113. According to The New Yorker cartoon, one restaurant patron states that since he has recently stopped looking for
a job, he has helped to lower the unemployment rate. He is:
A. Wrong in that his action raised the unemployment rate.
B. Right in that he became a discouraged worker.
C. Wrong in that he is still in the labor force.
114. According to an In the News article "Carpentry Work Crashing Down," Labor demand for carpenters remains low as
the economy climbs out of the recent recession due to
A. Cyclical unemployment from lack of housing demand.
B. Frictional unemployment due to a lumber shortage.
C. Structural unemployment due to a mismatch between workforce skills and employer needs.
115. Someone 18 years old who is not employed and is not actively seeking work is considered
A. Not in the labor force.
B. In the labor force.
C. Employed.
D. Unemployed.
116. Suppose the working-age population of Country A is 200 million, the number employed is 130 million, and
the number unemployed is 10 million. What is the labor force participation rate?
A. 60 percent.
B. 70 percent.
C. 65 percent.
D. 75 percent.
117. An unemployed worker who wants a job but has given up in the search for a new job is referred to as a/an
A. Unemployed worker.
B. Phantom unemployed worker.
D. Underemployed worker.
118. In the 1960s the Council of Economic Advisers determined that the acceptable level of unemployment that
would be used in determining full employment was
A. 5.5 percent.
B. 5 percent.
C. 4.5 percent.
D. 4 percent.
119. According to the section "The Economy Tomorrow," outsourcing eliminates about __________ jobs in the United
States each year.
A. 300,000
B. 500,000
C. 3,000,000
D. 5,000,000
120. When unemployed people stop looking for jobs, the

A. Unemployment rate increases and the labor force increases.
B. Unemployment rate decreases and the labor force decreases.
C. Unemployment rate increases and the labor force decreases.
D. Unemployment rate decreases and the labor force increases.
121. When people over 16 years old start looking for jobs, the
A. Unemployment rate increases and the labor force increases.
B. Unemployment rate decreases and the labor force decreases.
C. Unemployment rate increases and the labor force decreases.
D. Unemployment rate decreases and the labor force increases.
122. Jim's job was transferred 800 miles away. Although his employer will let him keep his job if he goes to the new
factory, Jim cannot move. Jim is
C. Cyclically unemployed.
123. According to an In the News article written in 2009, "Unemployment Rate Hits 10.2%, a 26-Year High," the
seasonally adjusted unemployment rate was the highest since
A. 1973.
B. 1983.
C. 1993.
D. 2003.
124. How is foreign trade in inputs similar to trade in outputs?

A. U.S. producers buy (outsource) cheap foreign inputs (labor) while U.S. consumers buy cheap foreign outputs
(U.S. imports).
B. U.S. consumers sell (outsource) cheap foreign inputs (labor) while U.S. producers sell cheap foreign outputs
(U.S. imports).
C. U.S. producers sell (outsource) cheap foreign inputs (labor) while U.S. consumers buy cheap foreign outputs
(U.S. imports).
D. All of the choices are correct.
125. In the early weeks of a recession, what type of unemployment gets larger?
A. Frictional.
B. Structural.
C. Cyclical.
D. Seasonal.
126. If there is a prolonged recession and, at the same time, technological advances change the skill sets of some
jobs and eliminate others, what type of unemployment gets larger?
A. Frictional.
B. Structural.
C. Seasonal.
127. If cyclical unemployment is zero, the economy is

A. Outside the production possibilities curve.
B. Inside the production possibilities curve.
C. On the fixed production possibilities curve.
D. On the production possibilities curve that shifts inward.
128. Ceteris paribus, if structural unemployment increases, the economy is
129. Ceteris paribus, if seasonal unemployment increases, the seasonally adjusted economy is
130. An underemployed worker who is looking for a full-time job is

131. Most household and volunteer workers are not included in the labor force.
True False
132. If an 18-year-old male is taking college classes full-time and does not have a job and is not looking for one, he is
considered unemployed.
True False
133. The labor force participation rate is the percentage of the labor force that is actually participating or employed.
True False
134. When workers begin retiring at earlier ages, the production possibilities curve shifts outward.
True False
135. The updated version of Okun's Law indicates that a 1 percent increase in the unemployment rate causes a 2
percent decrease in real GDP.
True False
136. When the growth rate of the labor force is faster than the growth rate of the unemployed, the unemployment rate is
falling.
True False
137. The number of unemployed can drop simultaneously with increases in the unemployment rate.
True False
138. People who get discouraged and no longer seek work are counted as unemployed.
True False
139. The underemployed are not included among the unemployed because they are working.
True False
140. Most of the costs of unemployment can be measured in financial terms.

True False
141. It is impossible to find a direct relationship between unemployment and social problems such as illness, crime, and
divorce.
True False
142. Frictional unemployment stems from an insufficient level of demand in the economy.
True False
143. Cyclical unemployment stems from an insufficient level of demand in the economy.
True False
144. Full employment means everyone in the labor force has a job.
True False
145. In the Employment Act of 1946, Congress committed the federal government to pursue a goal of 0 percent
unemployment and inflation.
True False
146. Why does the unemployment rate go down as more people become discouraged about the economy?
147. According to Okun's Law, how does a 2 percent increase in unemployment affect the economy?
148. Is the unemployment rate the same for all groups of people in an economy? Why or why not?
149. Explain how discouraged workers either overstate or understate the unemployment problem.
150. Explain two economic costs, and two human costs of unemployment.
151. How can the outsourcing of jobs cause production possibilities to expand?
Chapter 06 Test Bank Key
1. Which of the following is included in the labor force?
A. A student who is still in school but not working or looking for work.
B. A part-time store clerk who is looking for another job.
C. A person who voluntarily runs a charity.
D. A person who spends the entire day taking care of his or her own young children at home.
Anyone who is 16 years of age or older, is not in the military or prison, is not a patient in a hospital, is actively
searching for a job, and has a job is considered to be in the labor force.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 02 Medium
Learning Objective: 06-01 How unemployment is measured.
Topic: THE LABOR FORCE
2. Who among the following is included in the labor force?
A. A hardworking homemaker who does not want to be employed outside the home.
B. A man doing 10 years in prison for armed robbery.
C. The president of Microsoft.
D. A retired commander of the armed forces.
One has to be employed or actively searching to be considered part of the labor force.

Blooms: Understand
3. People are not part of the labor force when
they A. Go on vacation.
B. Are old enough to work but choose not to work.
C. Suffer from a temporary illness that keeps them away from their job.
Anyone not employed who is not actively searching for work is considered not in the labor force.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
4. The labor force participation rate is the number
A. Of unemployed divided by the number of employed.
B. Of employed divided by the number in the labor force.
C. Of employed divided by the total population.
D. In the labor force divided by the working-age population.
The labor force participation rate measures the percentage of the working population either employed or
unemployed and can be expressed by the equation: (Employed+Unemployed)/(Labor Force).

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
5. When the labor force participation rate is declining, the
A. Unemployment rate is rising faster than the total population rate.
B. Percentage of the working-age population that is outside the labor force is declining.
C. Percentage of the working-age population that is willing and able to work is declining.
D. Percentage of the total population that is employed is rising.
A lower labor force participation rate means a smaller fraction of the population is employed or unemployed
and can be expressed by the equation: (Employed+Unemployed)/(Labor Force).

Blooms: Understand
6. Jack graduated from college last month, but he has not yet started looking for a job. Jack is
D. Not part of the labor force and is not counted in the unemployment rate.
To be considered in the labor force one must be 16 years of age or older, and either working for pay or
actively seeking paid employment. As Jack is not seeking work, he's not considered unemployed and thus not
part of the labor force.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
7. Production possibilities are the
A. Alternative combinations of output that can be produced using all available resources and technology.
B. Various production methods that producers can employ.
C. Various types of input that each manufacturing facility can choose to employ.
D. Percentage of output produced by each worker.
The production possibilities represent the different possible production amounts given our fixed resources.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
8. As of 2010, approximately what percentage of the U.S. population participated in the civilian labor force?
A. 30 percent.
B. 40 percent.
C. 50 percent.
D. 60 percent.
As of 2010, approximately 50 percent of the U.S. population participated in the civilian labor force.

Blooms: Understand
9. For the labor force to definitely increase,
A. There must be an increase in total population.
B. There must be an increase in immigration.
C. People must turn from being discouraged workers into people actively seeking employment.
Usually an increase in population or immigration brings about an increase in the labor force. However, if this
population or immigration increase is from people under 16 years old, then the labor force has not increased.
The labor force definitely increases if discouraged workers who are out of the labor force enter the labor
force as active job seekers.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
10. If a nation experiences a year of unusually high immigration that increases the size of the labor force, we can
conclude that the
A. Nation will choose a different point on the production possibilities curve.
B. Nation's production possibilities curve will shift outward.
C. Nation's production possibilities curve will shift inward.
D. Nation's capital per worker will rise.
Production possibilities will increase whenever there is an increase in resources.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
11. The production possibilities curve
A. Represents the different quantities of goods society can consume while operating at full employment.
B. Must shift outward every year.
C. Is another name for the aggregate demand curve.
D. Tends to increase as the population grows.
The production possibilities curve will shift outward as the population grows due natural factors and
immigration.

Blooms: Understand
12. Which of the following would not increase the physical production possibilities curve?
A. Greater constraints for oil drilling companies.
B. Increased availability of factors of production.
C. Increased technology.
If the government imposed a ban on offshore drilling, production would decline, resulting in an inward shift of
the production possibilities curve.

Blooms: Understand
13. From 1950 until 2000, the labor force participation rate has
A. Increased for men and increased for women.
B. Decreased for men and decreased for women.
C. Increased for men and decreased for women.
D. Decreased for men and increased for women.
The labor force participation rate for men has decreased due to men living long enough to retire. The labor
force participation rate for women has increased because the opportunity cost of remaining an unpaid
homemaker as opposed to a labor force participant has significantly increased.

Blooms: Understand
14. The benefits to the United States of outsourcing include all of the following except
A. Foreign firms insource or send jobs to the United States.
B. U.S. productivity rises, resulting in higher profits at U.S. firms that outsource.
C. Higher domestic labor cost for U.S. firms.
D. Greater domestic investment by U.S. firms that outsource.
Outsourcing tends to be a net positive for the United States. It allows our firms to operate more profitably and
invest more domestically; and foreign firms send jobs to the United States, offsetting some of our outsourced
jobs.

Blooms: Understand
Topic: THE HISTORICAL RECORD
15. If more teenagers stay in school longer rather than dropping out and entering the labor force,
A. The production possibilities curve shifts outward.
B. The production possibilities curve shifts inward.
C. The production possibilities curve remains unchanged.
D. The unemployment rate goes up.
Reducing resources such as labor due to more schooling will consequently lead to a decrease in the population
who are in the labor force, thus decreasing the production possibilities curve.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
16. When the economy is below full employment, it is producing
A. On the production possibilities curve.
B. Beyond the production possibilities curve.
C. Inside the production possibilities curve.
When an economy is below full employment, it is not utilizing its resources to the full extent. Thus,
unemployed resources are above the natural rate of unemployment resulting in society producing at a point
below the production possibilities curve.

Blooms: Understand
17. Unemployment is defined as
A. The active search and inability of labor force participants to find jobs.
B. The active search and inability of citizens to find jobs that utilize their capabilities.
C. The proportion of the total population that is unemployed.
D. A decrease in the labor force.
One is considered to be unemployed when one is without a job and actively seeking work.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
18. According to Okun's Law, if unemployment rises by 5 percent while imports and exports increase at roughly
the same rate, the economy will lose output equal to
A. 1 percent.
B. 2 percent.
C. 5 percent.
D. 10 percent.
According to Okun's Law, there is a negative 2:1 relationship between unemployment and real GDP. For
every 1 percent increase in unemployment, Okun's Law forecasts a 2 percent decrease in real GDP.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
19. The observation that a 1 percent increase in unemployment leads to a 2 percent decrease in real output is
known as
A. A recession.
B. A Lucas Wedge.
C. Okun's Law.
D. Under allocation of resources.
Okun's Law is a guide to how much the economy will suffer in lost real output when unemployment rises.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
20. All of the following are true about Okun's Law except
A. It quantifies the relationship between unemployment and the production possibilities curve.
B. It allows a dollar value to be assigned to the cost of unemployment.
C. It indicates that there is a negative 2:1 relationship between output and unemployment.
D. It indicates that GDP is not affected by unemployment.
Okun's Law explores the relationship between changes to unemployment and changes to real GDP.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
21. The macro consequence of unemployment is
A. Lost output for the economy.
B. Lost income for the individual worker.
C. A leftward shift in the production possibilities curve.
D. A 1 percent decrease in GDP for every 1 percent decrease in unemployment.
The dollar value of the decline in output due to unemployment is a measurable macro consequence.

Blooms: Understand
22. Those that work part-time and do not desire full-time employment are referred to as
A. Employed.
B. The phantom unemployed.
C. Underemployed.
D. Discouraged workers.
Unless one is out of work and actively seeking work, one will be classified as employed.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
Topic: MEASURING UNEMPLOYMENT
23. To be officially counted as unemployed, one must be
A. Either not working or working only part-time.
B. Not employed at a full-time job.
C. Actively seeking employment and currently not working.
Being without a job is insufficient to be considered as unemployed; one must also be actively seeking a job.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
24. The proportion of the labor force that is unemployed is the
A. Employment index.
B. Underemployed rate.
C. Unemployment rate.
D. Okun's Law.
The number unemployed divided by the labor force equals the unemployment rate-the fraction of the labor force
that is unemployed. Recall that unemployed/labor force = unemployment rate.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
25. The most widely used measure of the unemployment rate is found by the
A. U.S. Department of Labor in surveys of businesses to determine the number of employees as a percentage
of the total labor force.
B. U.S. Census Bureau in monthly surveys that examine whether people are working or are willing to work.
C. U.S. Census Bureau in its census of the population every 10 years.
D. Council of Economic Advisers, which summarizes its nationwide surveys in its yearly report to the
president. The Census Bureau is responsible for sampling the population of the United States to find useful
information such as unemployment figures.

Blooms: Understand
26. If the population of a country is 250,000 people, its labor force consists of 145,000 people, 35,000 people are
unemployed, 10,000 are unable to work, and 5,000 are unwilling to work, the unemployment rate is
A. 22.1 percent.
B. 14.0 percent.
C. 24.1 percent.
D. 19.4 percent.
The unemployment rate is determined by taking the number of unemployed and dividing it by the number
of people in the labor force. Unemployment rate = unemployed/labor force = 35,000/145,000 = 24.1%.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
27. Suppose that in a population of 50 million persons, 40 million are in the labor force, 36 million are employed,
2 million are classified as unable to work, and 1 million are classified as unwilling to work. The unemployment
rate is
A. 10.0 percent.
B. 72.0 percent.
C. 8.0 percent.
D. 80.0 percent.
The number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force yields the unemployment
rate. Thus, the number of unemployed is Labor force- employed (40-36=4). And because unemployment is
unemployed divided by the labor force, we can calculate: Unemployment rate = unemployed/labor force = (4/
40) = 10%.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
28. Suppose a country has 10 million people. Three-fourths of those individuals are in the labor force, with 500,000
A. 6.67 percent.
B. 75 percent.
C. 7.5 percent.
D. 5 percent.
Taking the number of unemployed people and dividing it by the number of people in the labor force will give you
the unemployment rate. Unemployment rate = unemployed/labor force = (500,000/7,500,000) = 6.67%.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
29. Suppose a country has 1 billion people. 75 percent of its citizens are in the labor force, with 90 million
unemployed. Full employment occurs at 2 percent. Based on this information, by what percentage has real
output failed to reach its potential according to the revised Okun's Law?
A. 2 percent.
B. 10 percent.
C. 12 percent.
D. 20 percent.
Okun's Law tells us the amount in percentage terms by which GDP falls for every 1 percent increase in
unemployment. In this case, unemployment is 12 percent, which is 10 percent higher than full employment.
[Unemployment rate = unemployed/labor force = (90,000,000/750,000,000) = 12%.]Therefore, the GDP is
twice that percentage short of potential GDP, or 20 percent.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
30. Suppose a country has 1 billion people. 75 percent of its citizens are in the labor force, with 90 million
A. 12.0 percent.
B. 25.0 percent.
C. 9.0 percent.
D. 8.3 percent.
The unemployment rate can be found by dividing the number of people who are unemployed by the number of
people in the labor force: (90 million/750 million) * 100.
AACSB: Analytic Accessibility:

Keyboard Navigation Blooms:
Analyze Difficulty: 03 Hard

31.
A. 3.9 percent.
B. 75 percent.
C. 3.3 percent.
D. 2.5 percent.
If one divides the number of unemployed people by the number of people in the labor force, the answer will be
the unemployment rate: (5 million/150 million) * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
32.
A. 12.7 percent.
B. 72.7 percent.
C. 51.6 percent.
D. 17.5 percent.
The unemployment rate is equal to the number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the
labor force: (35 million/200 million) * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
33.
What was the labor force participation rate in 2004 in Table 6.1?
A. 18.3 percent.
B. 133.3 percent.
C. 75.0 percent.
D. 77.5 percent.
The labor force participation rate is the fraction of the working age population in the labor force: (150
million/200 million) * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
34.
A. 5.88 percent.
B. 8.33 percent.
C. 70.58 percent.
D. 76.47 percent.
One can find the labor force participation rate by dividing the labor force by the population: {(60 + 5)/85} * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
35.
Based on Table 6.2, what was the unemployment rate in 1999?
A. 8.42 percent.
B. 10.96 percent.
C. 68.42 percent.
D. 76.84 percent.
The number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force is the unemployment
rate: {8/( 8 + 65)} * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
36.
A. 77.27 percent.
B. 65.45 percent.
C. 11.81 percent.
D. 18.05 percent.
The labor force participation rate is equal to the labor force divided by the population: {(72 + 13)/110} * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
37.
What is the number of unemployed in Year 1 in Table 6.3?
A. 90 million.
B. 94 million.
C. 106 million.
D. 4 million.
The number of unemployed people can be found by subtracting the number employed from the number in the
labor force: (110 - 106).
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
38.
What is the unemployment rate in Year 5 in Table 6.3?
A. 7.4 percent.
B. 6.9 percent.
C. 4.0 percent.
D. 54.0 percent.
The number of unemployed people divided by the number of people in the labor force equals the
unemployment rate: {(145 - 135)/145} * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
39.
What is the labor force participation rate in Year 1 in Table 6.3?
A. 96.4 percent.
B. 3.6 percent.
C. 53.0 percent.
D. 55.0 percent.
One can find the labor force participation rate by dividing the labor force by the population: (110/200) * 100.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
40. There is a/an ________________ relationship between educational level of the labor force and the
unemployment rate.
A. direct relationship
B. positive relationship
C. cyclical relationship
D. inverse relationship
Workers with higher levels of education typically remain unemployed for shorter periods than their less
educated counterparts.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Analyze
Difficulty: 03 Hard
41. Which of the following groups typically has the highest unemployment rate?
A. White teenagers.
B. Black adults.
C. White adult females.
D. Black teenagers.
Blacks and teenagers are usually the groups that have higher unemployment rates.

Blooms: Understand
42. Which of the following groups generally has the lowest unemployment rate?
A. High school dropouts.
B. High school graduates with no further education.
C. College dropouts.
D. College graduates.
The higher the level of education attained, the lower the unemployment rate will be for that group of
workers, ceteris paribus</i>.

Blooms: Understand
43. When an economy enters a recession, the
A. Duration of unemployment rises.
B. Cost of unemployment falls.
C. Number of unemployed falls.
D. Number of discouraged workers falls.
Unemployment usually lasts longer in recessions than during economic expansions.

Blooms: Understand
44. All of the following are true when the economy is growing except
A. Duration of unemployment falls.
B. Costs associated with current unemployment fall.
C. Unemployment rate falls.
D. Underemployment rises.
Typically unemployment figures improve during economic expansions.

Blooms: Understand
45. Which of the following falls into the largest unemployment category during a recession?
A. A recent college graduate entering the labor force for the first time.
B. A woman who left the labor force to raise children and now wants to return to work.
C. A factory worker who is laid off because of a temporary plant closing.
D. A teenager looking for his or her first summer job.
During recessions, cyclical unemployment (as in the plant closing) rises.

Blooms: Understand
46. Of the following reasons for unemployment, which will increase most because of a recession?
A. Job losers.
B. Reentrants.
C. New entrants.
D. Job leavers.
Layoffs due to insufficient demand in the economy, also known as cyclical unemployment, lead to a
greater amount of layoffs than during an economic expansion.

Blooms: Understand
47. Discouraged workers
A. Do not actively seek employment although they desire to be employed.
B. Are part of the labor force.
C. Are workers who are unhappy in their jobs.
D. Are counted as part of total unemployment.
Discouraged workers distort the true estimate of our nation's unemployment rate because they are not
working and not actively seeking work, and therefore are not included in the labor force. They would work if
offered a job.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
48. Which of the following is considered a discouraged worker?
A. A professional football player who is forced to play a new position.
B. A professional football player who gets cut after the preseason schedule has been completed.
C. A professional football coach coming off a 0
D. A retired professional football player who tried to make a comeback but found no one was willing to give
him a tryout, so he no longer looks for a job.
When unemployed workers halt their job search, they become discouraged workers and move out of the
labor force.

Blooms: Understand
49. After a fruitless two-year search for a job, a former executive gives up and decides to live off the land in the
Rocky Mountains. This former executive is considered
C. One of the phantom unemployed.
D. Underemployed.
Discouraged workers are not actively seeking employment.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
50.
What was the unemployment rate in Nationland in 1999?
A. 7.6 percent.
B. 7.1 percent.
C. 5.0 percent.
D. 65.0 percent.
The unemployment rate is simply the number of people who are unemployed divided by the labor force which is
the number of unemployed plus the number of employed: 5/(65 + 5).
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
51.
What was the labor force participation rate in Nationland in 2000?
A. 67.0 percent.
B. 65.0 percent.
C. 72.0 percent.
D. 72.7 percent.
The labor force participation rate is simply the labor force divided by the population: (10 + 70)/110 *100 as the
answer is given as a percent rather than a proportion.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
52.
A. 3.0 percent.
B. 9.7 percent.
C. 10.8 percent.
D. 2.8 percent.
By including discouraged workers this new unemployment figure may give a better estimate of the actual
unemployment rate because it includes all the people that would like to work: (2 + 5)/(2 + 5 + 65)*100 as the
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
53.
A. 18.6 percent.
B. 3.8 percent.
C. 4.3 percent.
D. 15.7 percent.
By including discouraged workers, this new unemployment figure may give a better estimate of the actual
unemployment rate because it includes all the people that would like to work: (3 + 10)/(3 + 10 + 70) *100 as the
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
54. Suppose there are 6 million unemployed workers actively seeking a job. After a period of time, 1,500,000 of
these workers become discouraged and no longer look for employment. If everything else remains constant,
the unemployment rate will
A. Decrease.
B. Increase.
The official unemployment rate can mask actual unemployment. As the unemployment rate is calculated by
dividing the number of unemployed by the labor force, when a portion of the unemployed leave the labor
force, the numerator shrinks, causing the unemployment rate to decrease.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
55. Individuals who are working part-time while seeking full-time employment are classified as
A. Unemployed.
B. Underemployed.
C. Discouraged workers.
D. Phantom unemployed.
Underemployment describes a worker whose value of human capital, or production possibilities is not being
used to the full-potential. Thus labor resources aren't being fully utilized. Such as an individual working part-
time but seeking a full-time position, or an individual who has a degree in engineering but is working as a
waiter.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
56. Underemployment is defined as
A. Individuals desiring to work but who are discouraged by the process and have given up looking.
B. People who have been laid off because of a recession and have little chance of finding a job.
C. Individuals who are lazy and will not go out looking for a job but say they are looking.
D. People seeking full-time paid employment but work only part-time or are employed at jobs below their
capability.
This would include someone, for example, with a law degree who is temporarily selling insurance until he
is hired by a law firm.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
57. Underemployment refers to
A. The same thing as unemployment.
B. A person who is lazy and not working hard at her job.
C. A person who is not able to use her full capabilities in her job.
D. A discouraged worker.
Underemployment is usually higher during recessions than during economic expansions.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
58. Part-time workers who desire full-time employment are
A. Underemployed and contribute to the unemployment statistic.
B. Underemployed but do not contribute to the unemployment statistic.
C. Not part of the labor force and do not contribute to the unemployment statistic.
D. Discouraged workers and contribute to the unemployment statistic.
By excluding underemployment of workers, this is another way that the official unemployment figures disguise
the full extent of the unemployment problem.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
59. Suppose a student graduates from college with a civil engineering degree and is now employed to grade
papers, answer the phone, and make copies-tasks that are below the graduate's capabilities. The graduate
can best be classified as
D. Underemployed.
The official unemployment figures are distorted by underemployed workers and tend to paint a better picture
than is present in reality.

Blooms: Understand
A. People who report that they are actively seeking a job even when they have little or no intention of finding
one.
B. People who want a job but aren't looking because they don't expect to find one.
C. People who lack the skills to be employed.
D. Workers with very high rates of absenteeism.
The phantom unemployed, being counted as truly unemployed, actually make the official unemployment rate
overstate the true extent of unemployment.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
61. The official unemployment statistics may exaggerate the significance of unemployment by including the
A. Underemployed.
D. High school dropout.
Underemployed workers and discouraged workers are not included in the labor force and are not
considered unemployed. Phantom workers are considered unemployed and describe individuals who are
not actively seeking work, although they report that they are.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
62. Suppose there are 4 million people in an economy that are classified as unemployed. After a more thorough
investigation, it becomes obvious that 200,000 of these people are actually phantom unemployed. As a result
of this discovery, the unemployment rate will
A. Decrease.
B. Increase.
As the phantom unemployed are included in calculating the unemployment rate, after discovering the number
of phantom unemployed workers, this number will subtracted from the number of unemployed and will
consequently lead to a decrease in the unemployment rate. The phantom unemployed are one of the few
categories that actually cause the official numbers to overstate true unemployment.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
63. Which of the following groups could increase in size and cause a significantly higher unemployment rate?
A. Discouraged workers.
B. Underemployed workers.
D. Children under the age of 16.
The phantom unemployed do count toward the unemployment figures. But they are not very motivated to seek
work.

Blooms: Understand
64. A 30-year-old stay-at-home son tells his parent he is looking for work but cannot find a job. When the
parent finds the son a job, he refuses to take it. The 30-year-old can best be classified as
D. Underemployed.
When one is not actively seeking work and not too excited about finding it, one may be considered phantom
unemployed.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
Learning Objective: 06-03 The major types of unemployment.
65. Which of the following groups would be classified as unemployed when calculating the unemployment rate?
A. Underemployed workers.
B. Discouraged workers.
C. The phantom unemployed.
D. Individuals who are neither employed nor actively seeking a job.
The phantom unemployed count toward the unemployed and artificially inflate the official rate of unemployment.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
A. Not part of the labor force because they do not desire to work.
B. Unemployed and cause the unemployment statistic to overstate the level of unemployment.
C. Discouraged and cause the unemployment statistic to understate the level of unemployment.
D. Classified as cyclically unemployed.
The phantom unemployed are not very eager to find work, yet they are technically searching for work.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
67. All of the following are considered to be human costs of increased unemployment except
A. Admissions to mental institutions.
B. Fatal heart attacks.
C. Decreased stress levels.
Rising unemployment seems to increase stress levels and related physical and mental health issues.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
Learning Objective: 06-02 The socioeconomic costs of unemployment.
Topic: THE HUMAN COSTS
68. When the U.S. unemployment rate decreased in the late 1990s, so did all of the following except
A. Poverty rate.
B. Income per capita.
C. Child abuse.
Poverty rates tend to fall when unemployment declines.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
69. Studies have shown that unemployment causes
A. Increased expenditure on food.
B. More spending on child care because more mothers go to work.
C. Increased health problems.
D. Little impact since most people receive unemployment benefits.
There are many human costs that come with unemployment.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
70. When migrant workers seek employment after the crops have been picked, the unemployment rate goes
up. This situation is an example of
C. Structural unemployment.
Certain types of work take place during the appropriate season. As a result, unemployment tends to rise and
fall in sync with the seasons.

Blooms: Understand
Topic: DEFINING FULL EMPLOYMENT
71. After the harvest, some farmhands lose their jobs. They are considered to be
Seasonal unemployment occurs when the appropriate production season changes and work is no longer
needed until the following year.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
72. When there's a shortage in the number of jobs available when teenagers look for summer jobs, the type of
unemployment that arises is called
Seasonal unemployment arises when an industry needs less labor because the work is seasonal.

Blooms: Understand
73. Which of the following types of unemployment would best characterize a snow ski instructor's unemployment
during the summer months?
Seasonal unemployment comes and goes with changes in the seasons.

Blooms: Understand
74. After Christmas, retail sales fall and many clerks are laid off until the following Christmas. This is an example
of which of the following types of unemployment?
Some workers lose their jobs when the seasons change and work specific to the season is no longer available.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
75. The type of unemployment that economists generally associate with normal growth of the labor force and
expanding job opportunities in a dynamic economy is
D. Structural unemployment.
There is always a certain amount of unemployment from job seekers looking for actual jobs that they are
qualified for in the economy. A good example is when Jane gets a job in another town. Her husband Bob, who
is a highly qualified tax accountant, will be frictionally unemployed until he finds a job in their new location.

Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 01 Easy
76. Nancy returns to school to study medicine. After graduating and the economy is not in a recession, she spends
six months looking for a job. During this period, she is considered
Frictionally unemployed workers do not usually stay unemployed because they have skills that are
needed by employers, but it takes some time to find the best match for the worker and the employer.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
77. Frictional unemployment could result from each of the following except
A. The reallocation of employees to growing industries.
B. The inability of people to find work during certain seasons of the year.
C. The opportunity for people to leave jobs in which they are underemployed.
Frictional unemployment describes brief period of unemployment experienced by people moving between jobs
or into the labor market. The inability to find work during certain seasons of the year is known as seasonal
unemployment.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
78. After being fired from a job, some people find that it may take several months to find a new job in the same type
of work, even when the economy is not in a recession. This is an example of which of the following types of
unemployment?
Frictional unemployment is normal in the economy and does not tend to last long because the worker has
skills that are in demand.

Blooms: Understand
79. Frictional unemployment goes up when
A. A student quits work to return to school at the end of the summer.
B. A corporation transfers a worker to another city.
C. A worker quits one job to search for another in the same line of work.
Time spent searching between jobs in the same line of work leads to frictional unemployment.

Blooms: Understand
80. Frictional unemployment can be distinguished from other types of unemployment in that we assume all of
the following except
A. There is an adequate demand for labor to employ the frictionally unemployed.
B. The frictionally unemployed possess the necessary education and skills to become employed.
C. Search time is relatively short for frictionally unemployed persons.
D. The skills of the frictionally unemployed are no longer in demand.
If the skills of the unemployed worker were no longer in demand, the worker would be considered structurally
unemployed.

Blooms: Understand
81. Samantha recently quit her job at the university because she is looking for another job for which she is qualified
in a small town. Samantha is
D. Not part of the labor force and does not contribute to the unemployment rate.
A frictionally unemployed worker has skills that will transfer to his or her new employer.
AACSB: Analytic
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 03 Hard
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
Marsdenia Leichhardti, native pear, 152
Marsilea quadrifolia, nardoo, 150
mastoid process, 29
maternity, peculiar belief concerning, 62
medicine man, 179-182, 264, 265, 273, 294;
attends council meeting, 225, 226;
treating a patient, 181, 182
meeting an Australian tribe, 3
Melophorus inflatus, honey ant, 146
Melville Islanders, 77, 93, 144, 159, 161, 163, 192, 207, 238,
249, 309, 310, 323, 373, 380
“memba,” a feather wig, 50
mental foramen, 29
Menuaitja, marriage group, 220
“merliadda,” fire walking, 236
migrations of early man, 56
“mika,” a bark food carrier, 92
mika operation, 245-249
milk squirted at strangers, 228
milk and charcoal rubbed over newly-born child, 65
Milky Way, 332, 349, 350
Milk-bush, 387
mimicry, powers of, 371
“mingul,” pitjuri, 155
Minning Tribe, 4, 170, 218, 220, 260, 270, 334
“miri,” hand mill-stone, 361
modesty, sense of, 107
“moiranje,” a pubic tassel, 114
molars, 32
Mollinya ceremony, 250
Mongarrapungja, head of the Kukadja, 292, 293
Mongoloid migration, 56, 59
moon legends, 267-269
moon man, 267, 268
monkeys, appreciation of, by aborigines, 89, 90
mopoke, 386
“moru” (Tephrosia), a fish poison, 139
mothers charged with callousness, 65
mourning, customs of, 208-215;
second period of, 214
mourning ceremony, comic imitation of, 380
mouth, 31-33
mud-balling, 75
mud slides, 73, 74
mulga apple, 152
Mulluk Mulluk Tribe, 4, 25, 112, 197, 206, 365, 404
mummies, 208
munyeroo, 149, 150
Muramura, the Supreme Number, 271
Murchison district, type of spear-thrower of, 200
Musgrave Ranges, 48, 97, 102, 108, 109, 127, 143, 146, 151,
155, 329, 332, 360
music and dance, 371-385
music sticks, 374, 375, 379, 380
mussel (Unio), 121;
knife used for “cutting the shadow,” 175
mutilations, after return of circumcision candidate, 243;
after mika operation, 248;
amputation of finger joints, 253, 254;
at mourning ceremonies, 209, 210, 211, 213;
head biting, 245;
of female, 255, 256;
upon receipt of sad news, 210
N
Nangali, a mythical water-man, 264
“nangarri,” the medicine man, 179, 180, 181, 182, 264, 265,
273, 294;
treating a patient, 181, 182
nardoo, 150
Narrinyerri Tribe, 4, 95, 169, 200, 214, 296
naso-labial folds, 27
native pear (Marsdenia) design, 351, 353
native well, 96
Nature worship, 257
“naualla,” cicatrices, 238
navigation, 158-164
Neanderthal skeleton, 15, 23, 24, 25
Needlebush (Hakea lorea), 98, 111
negative chin, 29
negative words, 398
Negroid, 15, 28, 29, 34, 56, 59
newly-born infant, treatment of, 64, 65
“ngadanji,” tjuringa of phallic significance, xi
Ngadeja marriage group, 220
Ngameni Tribe, xiv, 4, 82, 155, 205, 237, 361, 362
Ngardaddi, a mythical fire thief, 261, 262
“ngongu nerbai,” a stone spear-head, 370
“nimmerima,” an emu-spear, 139
nomenclature, defining the individual, 216-218;
connected with marriage system, 218, 219
Northern Territory tribes, 76, 108, 112, 115, 116, 126, 128, 129,
130, 131, 132, 138, 142, 151, 174, 190, 195, 196, 197, 200,
201, 202, 208, 209, 211, 237, 253, 286, 313, 320, 323, 336,
349, 365, 367, 373, 374, 379, 405
Northern Kimberleys tribes, 77, 82, 86, 92, 95, 97, 109, 116,
125, 131, 139, 151, 173, 195, 200, 206, 208, 214, 232, 244,
249, 256, 284, 288, 311, 313, 330, 340, 343, 360, 367
nose, 26-28;
boring of septum, 230, 231
nuclei, stone, 364
Nullarbor Plains tribes, 169, 251
numerals, 396, 397
Nyege, Supreme Spirit, 295
Nymphaea stellata, blue water lily, 151
O
Obesity, 6
occipital bone, 39
ochre drawings, at ceremonials, 325, 326;
on bark, 323;
on the body, 324, 325, 326;
on weapons, 323, 324
ochre, smeared over corpse, 208;
over emissaries at initiation, 254;
over infant, 65;
over initiate in tooth-rapping ceremony, 234;
over initiate in circumcision ceremony, 241;
over sacred stone, 291;
preparation of for barter, 113, 318;
preparation as a pigment, 318, 319
ointments, 115
“oladda,” bark food-carrier, 65
“omelette” of emu egg, 125, 126
Ooldea, 48
operating knife, 242, 364, 365
opossums, carried on the head, 88;
hunting of, 140, 141;
suckled by gin, 91
orbita, 25, 26
orders of the day, 91
“oridja,” truffle, 151
origin of aboriginal, 52
orthognathism, 29
os inca, 35
outriggers, 164
oven-stones, 360, 361
P
paddles, 163
Pandanus cider, 153, 154
Panunga marriage group, 220
“parapara,” nardoo, 150
parietal bone, 35
“parli,” the north-western form of wanningi, 356
Parnkalla Tribe, 4, 199
patting the chest, a form of salutation, 3
“päuya,” native pear, 152
pearl shell coverings, 115, 313, 355
peroneus muscle, 12
perspective, generally absent in drawings, 334, 338, 339
pets kept in camp, 88
“peturr,” pitjuri, 155
phallic worship, x, xi, 282-292
phallus, 249, 283-292;
water producing, 264
philosophical instincts, 116, 117
Pidunga Tribe, 4, 317
pigmentation of skin, 41-43, 59
pitch, changing of, while rendering a song, 376, 377
pitchi, bark food-carrier, 92
Pithecanthropus, 15, 55
pitjuri, 113, 139, 155, 156, 157
piturine, 157
placenta, 64
platform burial, 207, 208
platycnemia, 15
platypus design, 304, 306
playing “father and mother,” 79
playing stick, 82
Pleistocene gravels, 53
plover, the “rainmaker,” 70, 265;
imitating call of stone plover, 379;
origin of its name, 386
plurality, expression of, 400
“pointing” the bone, 174-178
Ponga Ponga Tribe, 4, 88, 112, 184, 197, 198, 365
Port George IV, 65, 94, 238, 283, 310
Port Hedland carvings, 299-303, 329
Port Jackson carvings, 299, 300
portulaca, 147
positive chin, 29
“pot-belly,” 21
pounders, stone, 360
pregnancy, artificial interference with, 64
“prelja,” manna, 147
premolars, 33
prepuse, resection of, 242
“primitive snout,” 27
prognathism, 28
pronouns, 401-403
prostitutes, 223
pubic coverings, 114, 115, 243, 249, 313
“puli,” stone used in tooth-rapping ceremony, 236
Pultara marriage group, 220
“purra,” phallus, 287
Purula marriage group, 220
“putta ildurra,” stone dagger, 172
Psylla, 147
Q
Queensland, 50, 53, 80, 84, 94, 102, 104, 124, 131, 137, 155,
163, 190, 208, 299, 308, 316, 362
R
radius selected for “bone,” 215
rafts, 158-160
rainmakers, 264, 265
“rattappa,” foetal elements, 287, 291
rattles, boab nuts, sea shells, and gum leaves, 374
red-hot coal placed on forearm, 87, 88
reed spear, 171, 194
religious ideas, 257-296
repetition of action, verbally expressed, 397, 398
retouche, 370
rhinal fissure, 39
rhythm, 372, 377, 383
River Murray Tribes, 66, 100, 102, 108, 114, 121, 160, 169, 192,
195, 200, 208, 213, 310, 313, 365, 367, 373
rivers, extinct in Australia, 59
rock carvings, 299-308
rock shelter, 322
Roebuck Bay, 170
Roper River Tribe, 153, 197, 249, 270, 287
Roth, Dr. Walter, 48, 80, 84
Rukkutta, a tribal ancestor, 291
S
sacral bone, 9
sacred ceremonies, 273 et seq.;
ceremonial object (“tjilbakuta”), 276, 278, 280;
emu tjuringa, 274 et seq.;
“kwatje” tjuringa, 274
sacred ground of tjuringa, 272, 273
sacred ground drawing, “Etominja,” 282
sacred pole, “Djundagalla,” 248, 249;
stored in hut, 266
sagittal suture, 35
Salsola kali, 76
salutations, 105, 106, 404
Sarcostemma, 387
saw fish, 131
scars (tribal), 236-238
scaphocephaly, 34, 35
Schweinfurth, Prof. G., 306
Scleroderma, 152
scrapers, stone, 363-367;
slate, 366
sepulchral caves, 214
sex worship, 257, 282, 289-292
shell-fish, 122
shelters, 101-105
Sherait Tribe, 130, 365
shield, 173, 188
ship-of-war, corrobboree of, 382, 383
shoulder-blade, 16
sibilant sounds, 402
sign language, 388-394
singing, ensemble, 384;
the words of a conversation, 385
sitting, methods of, 106
skeins of fur-string used during dance, 373
skeleton of aboriginal, 5-16, 21-37
skeleton, imitation of, in body decoration, 325
skin, colour of, 40-45
skin drums, 373, 374
skin water bags, 94, 95
skins used by southern tribes, 100, 114
skipping, 83
skull, 34 et seq.;
capacity of, 37
sky-shying act, 238, 239
sleep, order during, 101;
position during, 105
Smith, Dr. Ramsay, 15, 16, 34
Smith, Dr. S. A., 53, 54
smoking ceremony, 253
snails, 121
snakes, 126;
mythical, 269
songs, 377-385;
imitating natural call-notes, 377 et seq.
Spartan principles, 87
spears, 190-198;
carefully stored, 112, 113;
heavy, 172, 173;
poisoned, 198;
reed, 171, 194, 195;
stone-bladed, 367;
stone-headed, 196;
types figured, 191;
uses of, 190
spear-head, stone, 367-370;
method of making, 368-370
spear-throwers, 199-202
spine, curvature of, 7;
effect of upright attitude upon, 8;
effect of tree-climbing upon, 13;
proportional lengths of vertebræ and cartilaginous discs, 8;
smallness of vertebræ, 9
Spinifex, 76
spokeshave, stone, 365
squamous portion of temporal bone, 36
still-born children, 205
Stirling, Dr. E. C., 15
Stokes, Lort, 105
stone age in Australia, 58, 59, 359
stone-covered huts, 103
stone implements, 359-370
Strehlow, Rev. Carl, x
subincision, 245-249;
sensual excitement at, 248
sulcus lunatus, 38
Sunday Islanders, 65, 66, 78, 82, 84, 89, 93, 117, 176, 295, 331,
355, 368, 397, 398, 401, 403, 404
sun-men, 267
sun worship, 265-267
superlative expressions, 399
Supreme Spirit, xi, 400
T
“takul,” mulga apple, 152
Talgai skull, 33, 53
Talleri, the eternal home of all spirits, 296
“taralje,” a spear-thrower, 200
Tasmania, separated from the mainland, 119
Tasmanians, 14, 15, 16, 28, 31, 34, 35, 37, 49
“tchewa,” flat stone of hand-mill, 361
“tdela,” head-dress, 280
Tecoma Australis, 195, 196
teeth, 31
temperament, 229
Tennants Creek, calvarium, 53;
the home of Kukadja men, 285
Tephrosia, a poison plant, 139
terminal syllables, 398, 399
the day’s march, 91-99
Therapon, drawing of, 328
thigh bone, 14, 15
third trochanter, 15
thorns, removal of in camp, 117, 118
throwing competition, 78
thunder, 387
tibialis posticus muscle, 16
time, beating of, 372, 373;
fixing of, 395;
representation of, 351
“tip-cat,” 78
“tjilbakuta,” a sacred ceremonial object, 276, 278, 280
“tjilba-purra,” a phallus, embodied in head-gear, 287;
Altjerra-Knaninja drawing, 327
Tjingali Tribe, 4, 308
“tjulu,” a stone operating knife, 242
tjuringa, 217, 311;
Altjerra-Kutta, 291;
acting as a talisman, 273;
carried by initiation emissaries, 242;
carved stone, 309;
caterpillar, 350, 352, 353;
ceremonies, 274 et seq.;
in the sky, 334;
inspirited by a deity, 270;
kangaroo, 349, 352;
mythical origin of Kunapippi, 271;
native pear, 351, 353;
of sun ceremony, 265, 266;
produced at female initiation ceremony, 255;
stored in sacred caves, 272, 343;
witchedy grub, 348;
yam pattern, 337
Tjurrega marriage group, 220
“tjutanga,” tooth-rapping rod, 236
“toki,” a waterlily, 151
tomahawks, stone, 362, 363
Tomkinson Ranges, 48, 67, 114, 143, 227
tooth-ache, 32
tooth pick, 32
tooth-pointed spear-thrower, 201
tooth-rapping ceremonies, 231-236;
“antjuarra,” 235, 236;
gum forced back with finger nail, 235;
knocking the tooth out, 235
tops, 83
“totem,” xi, 219, 226, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 279, 280, 282,
285, 339, 340, 341, 351, 353
“totem,” ancestors, 274;
ceremonies, 274;
food and hunting restrictions, 273
“totemic” designs, 339-343, 346, 351, 352, 353
Toxotes, drawing of, 328
toys, 79 et seq.
toy, boomerang, 82;
dart, 82;
raft, 82;
spears, 81, 194;
weapons, 80, 81
tracks, drawn in sand, 71-73;
representations of, 347-349
tree-climbing, 12-14, 123, 124;
competitions in, 75, 76
tree-felling by fire, 124, 141
Triassic period, 56
tribal organizations, 216-224
tribal husbands, 224
tribal law, 226
Trigonia in Australia, 58, 59
truffle (Scleroderma), 151, 152
trumpets, bamboo, 375, 376, 379
tubera frontalia, 35
Tukura, a great Spirit, 295, 296, 356
Tukurata, the Supreme Number, 271
Tukutita, the Supreme Number, 271
“turapitti,” artificial fire-flies, 376
Turbo undulata, 122
turtle, eggs, 126;
hunting, 132, 133, 160
turtle designs, 335, 346
Tutrarre, a mythical dog, 267
twins, 63, 64
U
Ullbönnalenna water hole, 97
“ullyinga,” witchedy hook, 125
Ulparidja group, 48
umbilical cord, treatment of, 64
Unio, 121
Unio pictorum, 319
upright attitude, see spine, 7 et seq.
urethrotomia, 245-249
“utnguringita” or witchedy grub drawings, 341-343
u-within-u designs, 351, 352, 353
V
Veddahs, 25, 58
vegetable diet, 148-152
vegetable down, 275, 276
venesection, 275
verbs, conjugations of, 400, 401
vermin-proof platform larders, 105
Victoria River tribes, 62, 75, 76, 77, 103, 105, 128, 146, 211,
243, 253, 266, 285, 292, 319, 321, 323, 325, 326, 332, 336,
367, 373, 375
Victorian basalts, human bones beneath, 54
vocal productions, 376 et seq.
W
waddies, 168 et seq.
“wadua,” white vegetable-down, 276
“wagal-wagal,” a tjuringa, 270
walking, 12;
in single file, 118
wallaby, hunting of, 141
“waketo,” munyeroo, 150
“wanjerra,” red vegetable down, 276
“wanna,” yam sticks, 148
wanningi, 240, 244, 356, 357
Waraka, a spirit father, 287
war council, 184
warfare, 183-189
“warrakinna,” pitjuri, 155
Warramunga Tribe, 4, 92
Warrupu, a Minning ancestor, 260
Warrida-jinna (eagle hawk’s claw), Southern Cross, 349
Warrnambool footprints, 54
water, in Currajong, Bloodwood and Needlebush, 98;
supplies guarded against pollution, 97;
transported by women, 91, 92
water carriers, 92-95
water ceremonies, 274
water legend, 263, 264
water mallee, Eucalyptus dumosa, 98
water men, “atoa kwatje,” 264, 265
water lily tubers, 151
water supplies, 96, 97
weaning of children, 66
Wellington caves, 54
Wenoinn, a Minning ancestor, 260
white ants added to acacia flour, 150, 151
“white blackfellow,” 42
Wickham River, 248
“widida,” native truffle, 151
widow, 212-214;
claimed by deceased husband’s brother, 213;
cutting off of hair, 213;
re-opening scalp wound, 213;
skull caps of gypsum, 213
“wilpa,” a wallaby, 141
“winudtharra,” honey ant, 147
Winyeru, initiation ceremony, 242, 248
“wirrauwa,” a bark bucket, 94
Wirrewarra, the eternal home of all Spirits, 296
witchedy grub, 122, 123, 124, 125;
sacred drawings of, 341-343;
“totemic” designs, 351-352
witchedy hook, 124, 125
Wogait Tribe, 4, 62, 83, 109, 116, 130, 131, 139, 170, 196, 197,
198, 201, 208, 243, 244, 332, 365, 374, 379
woman, corrobboree of, 383
wombat hunt, 141
women, the recognized carriers, 112
Womma, the Milky Way, 350
wommera, spear-thrower, 180, 199-202
Wongapitcha Tribe, 3, 4, 47, 48, 67, 92, 95, 111, 114, 121, 122,
147, 151, 152, 153, 155, 184, 200, 205, 218, 235, 236, 242,
255, 259, 349, 361, 396, 398
Wongkanguru Tribe, 4, 83, 121, 155, 361, 362
Woods, Rev. Tenison, 43
Wordaman Tribe, 4, 201, 248
words derived from natural phenomena, 386, 387;
imitating natural sounds, 386
Worma Kadiabba, a mythical snake’s head, 269
Wormian bones, 35
Worora Tribe, 4, 94, 116, 176, 238, 310, 321, 343, 361, 369
“Wubbi, wubbi, wubbi, wau!”, the voice of the bull-roarer, 241,
242
Wulna Tribe, 196
X
Xanthorrhœa, grass tree, used in emu hunting, 140;
flower stalk used for spear shaft, 195
Y
yam ceremony, 280
yams, 151

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Economy Today 14th Edition Schiller

1. Which of the following is included in the labor force?

2. Who among the following is included in the labor force?

3. People are not part of the labor force when they

4. The labor force participation rate is the number

5. When the labor force participation rate is declining, the

7. Production possibilities are the

9. For the labor force to definitely increase,

16. When the economy is below full employment, it is producing

17. Unemployment is defined as

21. The macro consequence of unemployment is

23. To be officially counted as unemployed, one must be

24. The proportion of the labor force that is unemployed is the

What was the unemployment rate in 2004 in Table 6.1?

What was the unemployment rate in 2006 in Table 6.1?

Based on Table 6.2, what was the unemployment rate in 1999?

What is the number of unemployed in Year 1 in Table 6.3?

What is the unemployment rate in Year 5 in Table 6.3?

What is the labor force participation rate in Year 1 in Table 6.3?

43. When an economy enters a recession, the

47. Discouraged workers

48. Which of the following is considered a discouraged worker?

What was the unemployment rate in Nationland in 1999?

What was the labor force participation rate in Nationland in 2000?

56. Underemployment is defined as

57. Underemployment refers to

58. Part-time workers who desire full-time employment are

60. The phantom unemployed are

66. The phantom unemployed are

83. Structural unemployment occurs when

A. There are too few chairs.

96. Full employment in the U.S. economy means that

97. The lowest level of unemployment compatible with price stability

A. Frictional unemployment has increased and structural unemployment has increased.

103. The natural rate of unemployment includes

105. Unemployment was particularly high during

106. Unemployment was fairly low during

110. When jobs are outsourced,

111. As a result of outsourcing,

120. When unemployed people stop looking for jobs, the

124. How is foreign trade in inputs similar to trade in outputs?

127. If cyclical unemployment is zero, the economy is

130. An underemployed worker who is looking for a full-time job is

140. Most of the costs of unemployment can be measured in financial terms.

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking

AACSB: Reflective Thinking