NAME – ALI AHMAD

CLASS – M.B.A
SEMESTER- 2nd(second)
SUBJECT –Operation Management
SESSION – 2022-2023
PID NO – 22MBA059
 Acknowledgement
I would like to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Pradhyman Singh for his valuable
coordination and support for the substantial outcome of my assignment. At most credit goes to
him/her behind the outcome of the assignment.

Finally, I would like to thank my friends and supporters, without them the assignment would not
have been completed effectively in a short time.
 2.Assignment Of
Operation
Management

Topic- Sustainable Manufacturing

What is sustainable manufacturing?

Sustainable manufacturing also referred to as green manufacturing or eco -friendly
manufacturing, is receiving more attention in the process manufacturing world. Natural
disasters like floods, wildfires, and hurricanes triggered by climate change, and the
growing need to reduce pollution, are all increasing the pressure on process
manufacturers to run a “green” plant.
The United States’ Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines sustainable
manufacturing as “the creation of manufactured products through economi cally sound
processes that minimize negative environmental impacts while conserving energy and
natural resources.” It adds that it should also increase safety for employees, local
communities, and the product itself.
Sustainable manufacturing includes:

 Avoiding causing harm to the local environment

 Reducing pollution and emissions
 Cutting waste of raw materials and other resources
 Reducing consumption of energy, water, and other limited substances
 Increasing safety for workers and nearby communities

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Why does sustainable manufacturing matter to

process plants?
With climate change and pollution frequently making the news, the general public is
increasingly worried about the impact of heavy industry on the environment. Process
plants that are seen as green enjoy a competitive advantage, while those who hit the
headlines for environmental disasters like an oil spill, a toxic waste leak, or a local
explosion will lose customers.
Manufacturers are also realizing that sustainability is cost-effective. Reducing waste and
improving use of energy, water, and raw materials enables companies to lower their costs
and thereby boost their profit margins. Additionally, sustainable plants are better place d to
meet governmental and industrial regulations, cutting the burden of compliance and
reducing the risk of costly audits.
Finally, supply chain is an integral element of sustainable manufacturing. With a refined
supply chain, manufacturing companies can raise their reliability and lower delivery times,
thereby improving their reputation with customers. An optimized supply chain also
supports better forecasting, enabling plants to produce the right amount of product at the
right time and thus reduce the expense of unwanted products.
How can process plants implement sustainable
manufacturing?
Recycling
The OECD recommends increasing the percentage of used materials involved in the
production process. A closed-loop approach, or circular process manufacturing lifecycle,
means that when the product reaches the end of its lifecycle, it is collected to be reused
into the new product. In this way, manufacturers can optimize the use of energy, raw
materials, and other resources, and reduce waste and emissions.
Renewable energy
While it’s crucial to cut energy use as much as possible, process manufacturing plants will
always be heavy energy consumers. Replacing fossil fuels with renewable and/or green
energy like green hydrogen, solar, wind power, or biomass can help improve the plant’s
sustainability profile. Every plant activity that can be powered by renewables helps it
become more eco-friendly.
Predictive analytics
Advanced predictive analytics tools, including predictive monitoring and predictive
maintenance, can help reduce energy consumption and raw materials’ waste by ensuring
the plant is operating at optimal efficiency. Fixing issues like bottlenecks in processes,
fouling in pipes, and inaccuracies in temperature gauges helps optimize resource use and
cut the risk of discarded batches.
Smart systems
Today’s smart plant software uses data from Industrial Internet of Things
(IIoT) devices, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning (ML) to quickly spot
variations in water and energy consumption. Early alerts enable teams to fix leaks or
bottlenecks before they result in large-scale waste.
Smart inventory management ensures each plant has the materials it needs, without
overstocking “just in case” which could lead to materials passing their expiry date.
Automation
Automation such as cobots and robotic process automation (RPA) helps lower the risk of
waste due to human error. With AI, automation, and IIoT, plants are increasingly adopting
“lights out” manufacturing, which cuts energy consumption by removing the need to run
light and heating for human employees. Automated processes also help improve plant
safety by eliminating the need to send workers into hazardous situations.
Conservation
Toyota, one of the leaders in sustainable manufacturing, goes a step further and includes
tree planting and other conservation activities as part of the remit of a green plant.
Enhancing the natural environment and helping to preserve local ecosystems takes
sustainable manufacturing beyond merely avoiding harm and brings it to active eco -
friendliness.
How does sustainable manufacturing make process
plants more competitive?
By implementing sustainable manufacturing practices, process plants can improve their
reputation to expand their customer base, lower waste, and cut expenses to boost their
profit margin and enhance their bottom line.

Sustainable manufacturing is the creation of manufactured products through economically-

sound processes that minimize negative environmental impacts while conserving energy and
natural resources. It is the process of making products and providing services with minimal
environmental impact, with attention to the triple bottom line of sustainability — social, economic
and environmental. Sustainable manufacturing is a process-oriented approach, involving the
use of energy, natural resources and other inputs into manufacturing processes that are
optimized for sustainability over the entire product life cycle, from raw materials sourcing,
through manufacturing, operations and transport, to product use, reuse and disposal.

At its core, sustainable manufacturing is the production of goods without depleting the
environment’s resources and blocking the natural cycle of global climate change. Sustainable
manufacturing not only focuses on using more efficient processes in production, but also
implementing practices that further reduce environmental pollution. However, sustainable
manufacturing is not solely focused on the environment itself. Together, more sustainable
practices will help to reduce costs as well as create more jobs and increase the overall quality of
life.

The benefits of sustainable manufacturing are varied and many. These include an increased
ability to compete in the global market, improved energy efficiencies, less waste and emissions,
increased product quality and reliability, and reduced water and land use. Furthermore,
sustainable manufacturing is cost-effective and increases the overall lifespan of a product.

Sustainable development is the need of the present time not only for the survival of mankind but also for
its future protection. Unlike the other great revolutions in human history the Green Revolution and the
Industrial Revolution the ‘sustainable revolution’ will have to take place rapidly, consciously and on many
different levels and in many different spheres, simultaneously.
:

On the technical level, for example, it will involve the sustainable technologies based upon the use of
non-renewable, fossil fuels for technologies that take advantage of renewable energies like the sun, wind
and biomass, the adoption of conservation and recycling practices on a wider scale, and the transfer of f
cleaner and more energy efficient technologies to countries in the developing world.
On the political and economic levels, it will involve, among other things, the overhauling of development
and trade practices which tend to destroy the environment, and the improvement of indigenous peoples, a
fairer distribution of wealth and resources within and between nations, the charging of true cost for
products which exploit or pollute the environment, and the encouragement of sustainable practices
through fiscal and legal controls and incentives.
On the social plane, it will involve a renewed thrust towards universal primary education and health care,
with particular emphasis on the education and social liberation of women. On the environmental level, we
are talking about massive afforestation projects, renewed research into and assistance for organic
farming practices and biopest control, and the vigorous protection of biodiversity. On the informational
level, the need is for data that will allow the development of accurate social and environmental
accountancy systems.
The aim of ecologically sustainable development is to maximise human well-being or quality of life without
jeopardising the life support system. The measures for sustainable development may be different in
developed and developing countries according to their level of technological and economic development.
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But developing countries, like India, can focus attention on the following measures:
1. ensure clean and hygienic living and working conditions for the people;
2. sponsor research on environmental issues pertaining to the region;
3. ensure safety against known and proven industrial hazards;
:
4. find economical methods for salvaging hazardous industrial wastes;
5. encourage afforestation;
6. find out substitutes for proven hazardous materials based on local resources and needs instead of
blindly depending on advanced nations to find solutions;
7. ensuring environmental education as a part of school and college curriculum;
:

8. encourage use of non-conventional sources of energy, specially solar energy;

9. as far as possible, production of environment-friendly products should be encouraged;
10. use of organic fertilisers and other bio techniques should be popularised;
11. environmental management is the key for sustainable development, and it should include monitoring
and accountability; and
12. Need for socialisation and also humanisation of all environmental issues.

Sustainable Manufacturing
A large and growing number of manufacturers are realizing substantial financial and environmental benefits
from sustainable business practices. Sustainable manufacturing is the creation of manufactured products
through economically-sound processes that minimize negative environmental impacts while conserving energy
and natural resources. Sustainable manufacturing also enhances employee, community and product safety.

The Business Case for Sustainable Manufacturing

A growing number of companies are treating "sustainability" as an important objective in their strategy and
operations to increase growth and global competitiveness. This trend has reached well beyond the small niche
of those who traditionally positioned themselves as "green," and now includes many prominent businesses
across many different industry sectors. In many cases, these efforts are having significant results.

There are a number of reasons why companies are pursuing sustainability:

 Increase operational efficiency by reducing costs and waste

 Respond to or reach new customers and increase competitive advantage
 Protect and strengthen brand and reputation and build public trust
 Build long-term business viability and success
 Respond to regulatory constraints and opportunities
Companies engaged in sustainability efforts include those of all sizes, ages and sectors. Companies move
forward along the path to sustainability by improving performance and reducing their resource footprint. Ways
that companies progress further on the path to sustainability include:

 Address sustainability in a coordinated, integrated and formal manner, rather than in an ad hoc,
unconnected and informal manner
  Focus on increased competitiveness and revenues rather than primarily focusing on cost-cutting, risk
reduction and improved efficiency
 Use innovation, scenario planning and strategic analysis to go beyond compliance
 Integrate sustainability across business functions
 Focus more on the long term
 Work collaboratively with external stakeholders

Sustainable development is basically an action plan which helps us to achieve

sustainability in any activity which makes use of the resource. Moreover, it also
demands immediate and intergenerational replication. Through essay on sustainable
development, we will help you understand the concept and its advantages.

Through sustainable development, we formulate organising principles which help to

sustain the limited resources essential to provide for the needs of our future
generations. As a result, they will be able to lead a content life on the planet.

To implement sustainable manufacturing, companies need to make better use of resources,

reduce waste and emissions, improve quality, and meet customer and regulatory demands.
They need to reduce energy consumption, reduce emissions, use sustainable sources of energy
and materials, and factor in the clean up costs. Companies can start by applying the key
principles of sustainable manufacturing:

1. Reduce resource consumption

2. Reduce energy, emissions and waste

3. Increase efficiency and optimize processes

4. Use sustainable materials and energy

5. Implement product stewardship and life cycle assessment

6. Embrace sustainability in corporate management

These principles require companies to rethink their operations and design processes.
Companies should consider working with different suppliers that use renewable energy and
support environmental management systems. Companies should also analyze their current
processes and products to identify areas of improvements and implement metrics to track
progress. Furthermore, invest in research and development to find innovative solutions that can
increase sustainability while also meeting customer requirements.

The role of sustainable manufacturing is to increase resource efficiency and reduce

environmental impacts over the entire life cycle of products and services. It requires companies
to continuously optimize and improve their processes, products and supply chains, focusing on
efficient production and consumption patterns. As the cost of natural resources continues to
rise, the pressure on manufacturers for sustainability is likely to increase and the appeal of
sustainable manufacturing will become more attractive.

The World Commission on Environment and Development popularized this concept in

1987. Their report defines the idea as a “development which meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.”

In other words, they aimed to prevent the stripping the natural world of resources
which the future generations will require. As we all know that usually, one particular
need drives development. Consequently, the wider future impacts are not considered.

As a result, a lot of damage happens due to this type of approach. Thus, the longer we
continue to pursue unsustainable development, the more severe will the
consequences be. One of the most common is climate change which is being debated
widely worldwide.

In fact, climate change is already wreaking havoc on our surroundings. So, the need of
the hour is sustainable development. We must ask ourselves, must we leave a
scorched planet with an ailing environment for our future generations?

In order to undo the mess created by us, we must follow sustainable development.
This will help us promote a more social, environmental and economical thinking. Most
importantly, it is not that difficult to attain this.

We must see that world as a system which connects space, and time. Basically, it
helps you understand that water pollution in South Africa will ultimately impact water
quality in India. Similarly, it is the case for other things as well.
Measures to Practice Sustainable Development
There are many measures to take up for practising sustainable development. To begin
with, it is important to ensure clean and hygienic living and working conditions for the
people.

Next, sponsoring research on environmental issues which pertains to regions. Further,

ensuring safety against known and proven industrial hazards. It is also important to
find economical methods to salvage dangerous industrial wastes.

Most importantly, we must encourage afforestation. Including environmental education

as part of the school and college curriculum will also help. Similarly, it is essential to
socialize and humanize all environmental issues.

Further, we must encourage uses of non-conventional sources of energy, especially

solar energy. Looking for substitutes for proven dangerous materials on the basis of
local resources and needs will help. Likewise, we must produce environment-friendly
products.

It is also essential to popularize the use of organic fertilizers and other biotechniques.
Finally, the key is environmental management which must be monitored and ensure
accountability.

“Sustainable manufacturing” is a formal name for an exciting new way of doing business and creating value. It is behind many of the green products
and processes in demand and celebrated around the world today. Businesses of all types are already involved in initiatives and innovations that are
helping to foster a healthier environment, enhance their competitive edge, reduce risks, build trust, drive investment, attract customers and generate
profit.

There is no single common definition of sustainable manufacturing but the US Department of Commerce’s Sustainable Manufacturing Initiative sums it
up as: “The creation of manufactured products that use processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural
resources, are safe for employees, communities, and consumers and are economically sound.”
To put simply, sustainable manufacturing is all about minimising the diverse business risks inherent in any manufacturing operation while maximising
the new opportunities that arise from improving your processes and products. The economic, environmental and social aspects embraced by this
concept are illustrated below. This Toolkit primarily focuses on helping you to improve the
Business benefits
These days, doing business built on good environmental practice is increasingly becoming essential in the eyes of investors, regulators, customers and
the communities where you operate. Failure brings with it high costs – fines, penalties, local unrest and customers choosing to go elsewhere. Success,
on the other hand, can save you money, helps build a reputation, attracts investment, spurs innovation, secures loyal customers and brings in repeat
business.

Benefiting from sustainable manufacturing is not just a game for big business. New firms and small businesses can also play an exciting role. Start-ups
and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) with their flexible business models and less reliance on established ways of working, can also benefit,
evolving and innovating quickly to gain advantage over on the competition. Need more convincing? Take a look at the facts:

 The green marketplace is worth trillions: A 2010 survey of UK-based manufacturing SMEs shows that 56% are already investing in
low-carbon technologies and strategies. The global market for low-carbon products is already estimated to be worth over USD 5
trillion and growing.
 Retailers are demanding that suppliers respond to green consumers: In 2009, Walmart, the largest retailer in the world, introduced a
worldwide sustainability index. The index will be applied to over 100 000 global suppliers to give consumers a clear environmental and
social rating for every product it sells.
 A green reputation drives up your financial value: A study by Harvard and London Business Schools found that financial analysts rate
companies with a visible reputation for environmental responsibility higher than others. Conversely, poor performance can be a serious risk.
Companies with significant environmental problems, including litigation, have to pay up to 0.64% more to service their debts and secure
credit.
 A little investment in greening may lead to big savings: The UK’s Carbon Trust estimates that most businesses can cut their energy
bills by up to 20% with only a small investment – a saving that could equate to as much as a 5% increase in your overall profits.
 Young workers value sustainability and demand green workplaces: A 2010 survey of 5,300 respondents worldwide, carried out
by Johnson Controls Global WorkPlace Solutions, shows that over 96% of 18-45 year olds want their employer and workplace to be
environmentally friendly or at least environmentally aware. Over 70% of all respondents would like to share printers and have recycling bins
in the office, while 47% want to have water saving devices and solar panels installed on site.

Sustainable Manufacturing: Fixing The Factory

Floor

Sustainable manufacturing—the production of goods through economically-sound processes that

minimize environmental impact—will most likely require the transformation of the entire manufacturing
and industrial system. Manufacturers will need to look at how they design, source, manufacture, deliver,
and service all their products. It’s a daunting proposition. But it’s one manufacturers need to address as
the sustainability imperative continues to grow.

Whether it’s in response to stakeholder demands, regulatory mandates, a concern for the environment, or
plain financial gain, manufacturers can no longer confine sustainability to aspirational targets printed in
their annual reports. To make the necessary progress, they will instead need to commit to clear action.
And that action will have to start on the factory floor.

Leveraging digital technology and renewable energy

Currently, manufacturing processes use roughly one-third of the world’s energy.[1] Even in lower-intensity
sectors—those outside of such top users as chemicals, refining, and paper—energy often represents a
significant cost. And that only stands to rise as global energy prices increase. By building sustainable
practices into processes, manufacturers can tackle their single largest sustainability obstacle while at the
same time working to minimize environmental impact and conserve resources.

Through the use of digital technology, manufacturers may already have a head start in their sustainability
journey. In recent years, the implementation of lean processes using digital capabilities have boosted
productivity, created safer workplaces, and reduced costs. What this automation through digital
technology can also provide manufacturers is greater visibility into their production processes, equipment
wear-and-tear, and, more importantly, energy usage. Armed with this data, organizations can then
optimize production and improve predictive maintenance to diminish energy loads as well as reduce
material and water waste—all key factors in building sustainability.

But that may not be enough. Building a more sustainable factory floor should also mean greater use of
renewable energy—now increasingly competitive in terms of cost. There are a few ways to do this. Many
manufacturers are taking advantage of power purchasing agreements, which can lock in fixed prices for a
supply of renewable energy, sometimes for as long as 15 or 20 years.[2] In other instances,
manufacturers with large campuses are even investing in on-site generation, using solar panels, wind
turbines, and geothermal pumps to power their facilities.

By reducing waste and water usage, adjusting energy loads, and tapping into renewable resources, the
factories of the future have the potential to drive measurable sustainability outcomes as well as reduced
costs. This is particularly important as energy efficiency improvements are now being increasingly
mandated by licensing authorities at the launch of a manufacturing operation or upon review once
operational.

Making the sustainability shift more accessible

It’s true that low-carbon manufacturing and industrial systems will likely mean changes in every sector
and along nearly every step of the value chain. While it may be intimidating to conceive of broadly, there
are steps manufacturers can take within their organizations and on their factory floors to make the shift
toward sustainability more accessible, operating within the traditional framework of change management.
These include:

 Plan: As a first step, it’s important to measure your facilities’ current carbon profile to
build a baseline of your environmental footprint. This can inform your strategy and enable
you to set clear targets and priorities. With decarbonizing an inherently uncertain
endeavor with no guarantees reduction targets will remain steady or be achieved, any
strategy should also be underpinned with strong scenario planning. Additionally,
companies should also be prepared for their data to be audited, providing proof to clients
as to their levels of sustainability.

 Execute: To carry out sustainability initiatives, new roles—such as a chief sustainability

officer—may need to be developed. In turn, these leaders can help determine which
sustainability metrics the company is under pressure to deliver on and prioritize
investments, as well as build any new capabilities needed. Just as important, to execute
on priorities, manufacturers will most likely need to bring ecosystem partners together—
including industry associations, third-party providers, and regulators—in a coordinated
effort where all participants up their sustainability game.

 Reflect: Manufacturers can do more than simply measure the progress of their
sustainability initiatives. They can also use that progress to create a clear market
narrative around the positive impacts they are driving and paint a powerful picture for
investors and consumers alike—all the while improving transparency. While those
manufacturers that lag in sustainable activity risk public opinion turning against them,
those who do take sustainability seriously need to get the word out.

Ultimately, sustainable manufacturing can only be achieved by setting the right tone from the top, gaining
buy-in, and considering all the change management implications.
Reaping the rewards

When it comes to sustainable manufacturing, significant change is afoot and it necessitates bigger
thinking—especially on the factory floor. Manufacturers prepared to embrace the change will discover
opportunities for innovation—with sustainability targets inspiring inventive green design and novel
applications of technology. Those who are unprepared may find themselves left behind.

But by focusing on long-term outcomes, working collaboratively with industry stakeholders, and adopting
a deliberate and coordinated approach, manufacturers have the capacity to realize significant benefits on
the road to sustainability. These range from improved competitiveness and efficiency to reduced costs
and risks. Yet the true measures of success will extend well beyond the shop floor. By driving measurable
sustainability outcomes, manufacturers also have the power to create lasting social value.

[1] Geospatial World, July 17, 2018. “Factory automation and environmental benefits,” by Teresa Tomas.
Accessed at
on May 18, 2021.

[2] Deloitte. Sustainable manufacturing a profitable business case. Accessed at

https://www2.deloitte.com/ch/en/pages/risk/articles/sustainable-manufacturing.html on June 18, 2021.

Transportation leaders and planners around the globe are modernizing services after the COVID-19
pandemic revealed significant gaps and disparities. The task is complex: leaders need to balance
providing core services while also evolving transportation solutions to be more sustainable, equitable, and
inclusive. Embracing technology to guide transportation strategic planning can help leaders meet these
goals.

To help ensure more equitable and inclusive transportation systems, stakeholders should consider five
key areas: public transport, intelligent and citizen-oriented mobility, corporate mobility, mobility of goods,
and governance and regulation models.

Public transport: from local to national initiatives

Recognizing that transport is critical at each level, national governments are starting to address transport
issues on a countrywide basis. Some recent pilots include Germany’s US$9 monthly summer train ticket,
Spain’s free suburban and regional train tickets from 1 September to 31 December, Luxembourg’s free
public transport, and Denmark’s national travel card. These examples can become the foundation of
national public transport initiatives.

Intelligent and citizen-oriented mobility

Apps, technologies, and connected devices alone are typically not enough to make mobility “intelligent.”
Rather, it can require a flexible mobile ecosystem with the capacity to provide solutions that are adaptable
and capable of meeting the needs of different constituents. Ultimately, smart and intelligent mobility
should address the mobility issues of children, the elderly, and people with health conditions, disabilities
or impairments.

To that end, mobility solutions should prioritize the final user. They should be part of the design processes
of bus stops and subway stations, sidewalks and cycle lanes, trains and e-scooters, digital mobility
platforms, and Mobility-as-a-Service apps (digital solutions that integrate public transportation with ride-
hailing services and other modes of transportation, also known as MaaS) offering users ways to plan,
book, and pay for transportation. Cities should ensure that smart mobility is not exclusionary or
inaccessible to those with lower levels of digital literacy and personal mobility.

Corporate mobility

We are witnessing a radical transformation of the employer approach to the mobility of employees.
Companies have been one of the main contributors to the high share of car use, with many even offering
cars as part of salary and benefits packages. Amid growing pressure, coupled with changing
perspectives, companies can lead the way to more sustainable mobility in cities by reducing car use.

Right now, transport accounts for a quarter of Europe's greenhouse gas emissions, which could be a
major obstacle in achieving the EU’s bold objective of net-zero by 2050. Similarly, numerous companies
have set ambitious goals of reaching net-zero globally in the next two decades. To do this, however,
private sector mobility must change. New mobility solutions, such as corporate MaaS (including mobility
subscription packages and pay-as-you-go programs wherein commuters can use ride-sharing at a set
price or as needed) and other tools can be offered as viable replacements to the company car.

Mobility of goods

Urban logistics go beyond e-commerce, meaning it can have a harmful impact on the environment and
contribute to road traffic— particularly the supplying of restaurants, retailers, construction, and
development sites, among others. Urban logistics have undergone some dramatic changes in recent
years. Parcel and food delivery services that didn’t exist 10 years ago are now ubiquitous mobility
services. Electrification of vehicles, logistics hubs, and cargo bike couriers are also transforming urban
logistics landscapes.

But demand for last-mile urban delivery is expected to grow by 78% by 2030, according to the World
Economic Forum. To help mitigate these emissions, as reported in Deloitte Global’s 2023 Global
Automotive Consumer Study, vehicle electrification is growing rapidly. Additionally, networks of logistical
hubs, shared by several operators and where cargo is deconsolidated and transferred to smaller, green
vehicles, can help lessen the impact last-mile urban delivery has on the environment.

Here, as with MaaS and data sharing, the mobilization of the various transport operators offering logistics
and distribution services is vital, as only with this philosophy of sharing and collaboration can these
models be successful.

The importance of governance and robust regulation models for the digital mobility world

The mobility ecosystem is composed of physical, energy, telecom, and digital infrastructures—all of which
need regulating. Cities like Lisbon are on the forefront of such initiatives. For example, with the help of a
digital monitoring platform, the municipality is looking to discipline e-scooter operations within the city,
which, if not properly regulated, can pose risks to other citizens, e.g., being parked on sidewalks.

To do this, the Lisbon municipality and its allies are working together on the VoxPop project. This EU-
funded initiative examines digital governance and regulation challenges associated with shared mobility,
such as e-scooters and bicycles, analyzing and positioning strategies to help enhance the effectiveness
of mobility services.

As stated in Global Transportation Trends 2022: Future-ready transportation from Deloitte Global,
transportation leaders should aim to create an equity-centered approach to investment and design that
brings underserved and disadvantaged communities into the planning process. And while integrating
consumer-friendly technology is a critical part of the solution, a commitment to evolving the principles
used for transportation planning and management is vital. Both can help deliver services that work for
citizens.