No. or tamflres -~ Mid-value d= m- A .

fd'
0BilY1ncome (f) (m) m- A
· rmrJ (A= 100) d'=
C
(X)
(C 10)
10 80 20 2 20
75-85
25 90 -10 1 25
8s-95
20 100 (A) 0 0 0
~ io5
25 110 + 10 +1 +2 5
105-115
10 120 +2 0 +2 +2 0
11 s-125 +6 0
20 130 +3 0 +3
125-135
15 140 +4 0 +4 +6 0
135-145
25 150 +5 0 +5 + 125
145-155
Ifd ' - +2 45
If= 150

. - Xfd' 245 r 116 33

= 1oo + + x 10 =
Arithmetic Mean (X) = A + - If x C 150 .

IOBJECTIVE J QUESTIONS I

FIL L IN TH E BLANKS
_ _ limit of the first cla ss-
se wh ich do not have the _ _ _
(i) Open-end cla ss- inte rva ls are tho
it of the last class- interval.
interval and the _ _ _ _ _ _ lim
(ii) Short-Cut me tho d is als o cal led - -- -
-
_ _ __
ons of the obs erv atio ns from their arithmetic mean is always _
(iii) The sum of dev iati ights are use d for all
me an is _ _ _ _ __ to sim ple arithmetic mean when equal we
(iv) Weighted
n.
the items in the ser ies or dis trib utio
7 and 8 will be -- - - -
(v) The arithmetic me an of 1, 4, 5,

?? __
the dev iati ons of the item s from their arithmetic mean is _ _ _ _
(Vii) The sum of the. ~qu are of (v) s;
Mean Method; (iii) Zero; (iv) Equal;imum.
Ans. (i) Lower, Upper; (ii) Ass um ed N
(vi) 1 + N 2 ; (vii) Min

TR UE OR FALSE

(i) Th e sum ) of dev iati ons· fro m me an ·,s lea St cy

. . .
d1stnbut1on has
..
to be converted into a
.. • • mu lati ve freq uen
(II) To cal
s· cu 1ate the arit hm etic me an, cu . ed to the larger
. ts are assign
. er weigh
.larg
(i'· Wei le freq
irnpght uen cy dis trib utio n.
. 'thm etic me an wh en
11 )
ed mean is les s tha n sim ple an
•
sm alle r items.
(iv) iterns and sm alle r we igh ts to the
Mea n cannot be det erm ine d graphically.

j
 · the u ::; u c:11 11 IW 11 , ..,, \.,,U I 1veru
h mean is calculate d in
"" ... - ~~"

. ng i
t .) When mid-values are given, t en
Y, mid-values into class-intervals. . dd d to every observation, the new mean w
- b
is 50 If 1 IS a e Ot
(vi) The arithmetic mean of 4 num ers .
also increase by 1. . h mean can be determin ed only after converu
. t rval s are given, t en
(vii) When unequal_ class-in _e e ual class-intervals.
unequal class-intervals into q Ans. True: (ii), (iv), (v), (vi); False: (i), (Iii), (1

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

. n under A with the correct options given under B.

Q 1 Match the statements give
. (B)
(A)
_ Lfd'
(i) Combined Mean a. (X) = A+ - Lf x C

- Lfm
(ii) Step Deviation Method b. (X) = B
- Lfd
(iii) Direct Method c. (X) =A+ -
Lf

(iv) Short-Cut Method

Ans. (i) d; (ii) a; (iii) b; (iv) c.

a. 2. Match the statements given under A with the correct options given under B.

(i) Weighted Mean > a. Wh en smaller weights are assigned to larger figures and larger weights !O
Simple Arithmetic Mean the smaller items
- IX
(ii) Short-Cut Method b. (X)= -
N
(iii) Direct Method c. When larger weights are assigned to the larger items and smaller wei·gh!c:
•·:
the smaller items
(iv) Weighted Mean < d. Assumed Mean Method
Simple Arithmetic Mean

Ans. (i) c; (ii) d; (iii) b; (iv) a.

~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ = = = = = = = =======~ ===::- al
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) AND MULTIPLE RESPONSE QUESTION ~

In the following Questions, there may be one or more than one correct answer. You have to mark all the correct answers.
1. Mean of 0.3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12, 0.6 is:
(a) 4.9
(c) 5.6 (b) 5.7
(d) None of these
v1eas_~~:~.?.~ Central ~~~?.:~~Y .: .~ ······rithmetic Mean
.......................................... .. ,.
,
8.51
...~~···•~"•"'"

. simple averag e is somet imes called:

2
(a) Unweighted average
(c) Relative averag e (b) Weighted average
. (d) None of these

3. _ _ _ _ _ 1s used when the sum of d . . ns from the average should be least.

(a) Mean · eviatio
(c) Median (b) Mode
(d) None of these
4. Mean should be:
(a) Simple (b) Based upon all items
(c) Not capabl e of further algebraic treat men t (d) All the above

s. The algebr aic sum of deviat ions of a, 1 , 6 from th e A .M . VIZ.,

. . .
5 IS.
(a) -1
(c) 1 (b) 0
( d) None of these

6. Average value of given variab les is known as:

(a) Median (b) Mean
(c) Mode (d) Index Number

7. Measures of centra l tenden cy are known as:

(a) Difference (b) Averages
(c) Both ( d) None of these

8. The A.M. of 1, 3, 5, 6, x, 10 is 6. The value of xis:

(a) 10 (b) 11
(c) 12 (d) None of these

9. The values of all items are taken into consid eration in the calculation of:
(a) Median (b) Mode
(c) Mean (d) None of these

10. Sum of the deviat ions about mean is:

(b) Minimum
(a) Zero
(d) One
(c) Maximum
11 - Measures of centra l tenden cy for a given set of observ ations measures:
(a) The scatter ness of the observations (b) The central location of the observations
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
12. If there are two groups contai ning 30 and 20 observ ations and having 50 and 60 as arithm etic means ,
then the combi ned arithm etic mean is:
(b) 54
fa) 51
(d) 52
(c} 53
13 · Which is the correc t formul a to determ ine Arithm etic Mean in case of individ ual series?
- rX
(ti) X = -
(a} x=A+ rx N
N
- :I:d'
(d) X :;:: A+ - - XC
(c) X=A+ rd N
N
14 · The mean of If 5 is added in every numbe r, the new mean is:
12 numbe rs is 24. (I 1} 84
(a) 25
(c} 29 (d) None of these
15. Sum of square of the deviations about mean is:
(a) Maximum (b) Minimum
(c) Zero (d) None of these

16. _ _ _ _ _ average is obtained by dividing the total of set of observations by their nutr1b
(a) Weighted (b) Simple er.
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither (a) nor (b)

17. The mean of a set of observations is X. If each observation is divided by ~ and then each obs
. erva• 11
is increased by 10, then the mean of the new set will be:
(a) X (b) X + 1o
~ ~
X (d) ~X+10
(c) -+10
~
18. The most appropriate measure of central tendency in case of data of varying importance:
(a) Combined Mean (b) Weighted Mean
(c) Assumed Mean (d) All of the above
19. Formula for calculating Combined Arithmetic Mean is:

(a) X12-- N1 + N2
- - (b) X12 -- X1 + X2
X1 +X2 N1 + N2

(c) X - X1N1 + X2N2 (d) X123 -- X1N1 + X2N2 + X3N3

12 -
N1 + N2 N1 + N2 + N3
20. Which of the following statements is wrong?
(a) Mean is not affected due to sampling fluctuations
(b) Mean is rigidly defined
(c) Mean has some mathematical properties
(d) All of these
21. The number of observations in a group is 50. If the average of first 20 is s and that of the remainin~
is 4, then the average of the whole group is:
(a) 4.1 (b) 4
(c) 4.2 (d) 4.4
22. When equal weights are given to all the observation of data then:
(a) Xw>X (b) Xw=X
(d) None of these
23. Which of the following is a measure of central tendency?
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) All of these
24. Formula to determine Arithmetic Mean through short-cut method in case of individual series is:
- Ld
(a) X =A+_ (b) x= LfX
N Lf
- LX
(c) X=A+- (d) X= !X
N N
 n,ean w~•Y• 1l ur a gro up of 20 item s . .............._
_ .,

;. ,he bined gro up of 20 + n item s is foun 25

d'~ b a nd th at of ano ther grou p of n item
corn . 0 e 32. The value of n is·
s is 34. The mea n of
(a) 06
(b) 10 .
(c) 70
(ct) 50
Which of the follo win g is not a met hod
6· to find Arit hme ti ?
1 Pearson's Met hod
(a) Kar c Mea n·
(C) step Deviation Met hod (b) Spearman's Method
(d) Short-cut Method
, . Mathematical pro per ty of arit hme tic mea n
1 is:
. (a) I(X - X) < 0
(c) I(X - X) = 0 (b) l(X -X) >O
(d) None of these
28 • Weig hted Mea n is less tha n sim ple arith met ic mea n whe n:
(a) Equal weig hts are use d for all the item
s in the series or distribution
(b) Larger wei ghts are ass igne d to the larg
er items and smaller weights to the smaller
(c) Smaller wei ghts are ass igne d to larg items
er figures and larger weights to the smaller
(d) None of thes e items

29. While com puti ng mea n from a gro upe d freq

uen cy distribution, it is assume d that:
(a) The classes are of equ al leng th
(b) All the values of a clas s are equal to
the mid-value of that class
(c) The classes hav e equ al freq uen cy
(d) None of thes e
30. The algebraic sum of dev iatio ns of obs erva
tion s from their arith metic mean is:
(a) 2
(b) -1
(c) 1
(d) 0
3t Arithmetic Mea n in cas e of indi vidu al seri
es can be calculated by the following formula:
(a) X= rx- N - N
(b) X = -
IX
(c) x= rx (d) X= IX
N
32. The ~ea . -
n of a set of num ber s 1s X. If eac h num ber is increased by "'A, then mean of the new set is:
(b) i\X
(a) ~
(c) X+ A (d) None of these
33 Wh· .
· 1ch of the follo win g stat eme nt is correct?f their arithmetic mean .1s always zero
(a) Sum of deviations of the observations
_rom .
(b) Weighted
mean is less than sim. pie anthmet1c mean when larger weights are assigned to the larger
. . .
items and smaller weig th smaller items .
hts to e. . .. d b 4 arithmeti c mean. of new sen.es remains
.
(c) Even ·es ,s incre ase Y '. unchanged
if each observation of a sen . f . ..
(d) . · · ·
m their arithmet ic mean 1s minimum
Sum of,. square of the deviation s of the items ro
. . f n it was found that an item 15 was
a4, Mean of 20 item s was foun d to be 12. On mis cop ied as
venf1ca ,o ,
10-The
correct mea n is:
(b) 12.2 5
(a) 12. 1o
(c) 12•,20
(d) None of these
35. Weighted mean is comput ed by the formula:
(a) LWX (b) LWX
LW LX

(c) LW (d) None of these

LX
the mean of
36. The mean of 40 observations is 32. If two observations 22 and 42 are deleted, then the
· ·ng o bservat·ions ·1s:
remaini
(a) 34 (b) 36
(c) 32 (d) None of these
the new set Will be·
37. The ~ean of a set of numbers is X. If each number is multipli~d by "A, then the mean of
(b) "AX .
(a) X
(c) X + "A (d) None of these
50, 70, 80 were
38. Mean of 80 items is 45. It was discovered that three items which should ha©ve been
wrongly read as 30, 40, 50 respectively. The correct mean is:
(a) 46 (b) 43
(c) 44 (d) 49
50 kg. If the mean
39. In a group of students, mean weight of boys is 80 kg and mean weight of girls is
boys to that of gins
weight of all the student s taken togethe r is 60 kg, then the ratio of the numbe r of
is:
(a) 2:1 (b) 1:2
(c) 2:3 (d) None of these
of the teache<bE
40. The average weight of students in a class of 40 students is 50 kg. If the weight
included, the average rises by½ kg, the weight of the teacher is:
(a) 50.5 kg (b) 70.5 kg
(c) 41 kg (d) 70 kg
x - 3, x2 - 3, X3 - 2
· 41. If the mean of n observations x 1 , x 2 , x3 , . ..... , xn is X, then the mean of the data 1
...... , Xn - 3 will be:
(a) X-3 (b) X+3
(c) 3X (d) None of these
is:
42. The mean of 5 numbers is 27. If one is excluded, their mean is 25. The excluded number
(a) 35 (b) 45
(c) 25 (d) None of these
and 90 marks in ~he
43. A student obtained 70, 75 and 85 marks respectively in three monthly examination
the final examination
final examination. The three monthly examinations are of equal weightage whereas
is:
is weighted twice as much as a monthly examination. His mean marks for Maths
(a) 80 (b) 84
(c) 82 (d) None of these
000
of 5 persons , there are three earning membe rs having monthly income s of? 2°, ·
44. In· a family
~ 25,000 and f 30,000. The average monthly income of a membe
r in the family is:
(a) t 25,000 (b) ~ 15,000
(c) t 20,000 (d) ~ 30,000
 5 QI v ....................
•- - -- .......·.:..:.~: "' ,e7i,t: Mean
1c85t!re. ........ · ... .
.................................
1
. ................. ... .... ......... ...... ... ...... ... ............. _ _ _ _ _ _ .... ................. ................
8 55
•• / an of seven observations is a. A new ..'. . .
.
1ne rne observation 16 is added. The mean of eight
l'' •5' observation
I, 18
(a)
(b) 24
(C) zz (d) 9
of N observations is 1 260 and th •
~ 11 the su 111 ' eir mean is 36, then the value of N is:
l . (a) 35
(b) 40
(C) 30
(d) 25
office, there are 70% clerks 20% ass· t
,1, In an.
000 p m of the . t' ts ants and 10% executives. On average, the
c1erk 1st 12' • ·, . th afsf~,s ~nt~ 14,000 p.m.
salary of a
salary of a emp 1oyee in e o ice 1s: and that of an executive~ 20 ooo p.m.The aver
age
'
(a) t 14,000 p.m. (b) , 15,500 p.m.
(c) t 13,200 p.m. (d) None of these
Ans. 1. (b); 2· (a!; 3· (a);. 4. (a), (~); 5. (b); 6. (b);
7. (b); 8. (b); 9. (c); 10. (a); 11. (b); 12. (b); 13.
14. (c), 15• (b),. 16· (b),. 17. (c); 18. (b); 19. (c), (b), (c), (d);
(d); 20. (a); 21. (d); 22. (b); 23. (d); 24. (a); 25.
26. (a), (b), 2 7. (c), 28. (c); 29. (b); 30. (d); 31. (c);
(d); 32. (c); 33. (a), (d); 34. (b); 35. (a); 36.
3 7, (b);38. (a);39. (b);40. (b);41 . (b);42. (a);4 (c);
3. (c);44. (b);45. (d);46. (a);47. (c).

IREVISION lEXERCISE I
veryShort Answer Type Questions (1 Mark eac
h)
a, t What do you mean by measure of central tend
ency ?
Ans. Ameasure of central tendency is a single value
, which represents an entire set of data.
Q.2. State one object of an average.
Ans. To present huge mass of data in a summari
sed form.
Q.3. Give the meaning of arithmeti c mean .
Ans. Arithmetic mean is defined as the sum of all
items divided by their number.
Q.4. If five students obtained 10, 20, 30, 40 and
50 marks, what would be the arithmetic mean?
Ans. 30 marks.
a. 5, Pocket expenditure of 4 students is t 5, 10, 15,
20 per day. What is average pocket expenditu
each student? re of
Ans. ~ 12.50.

a.s. Give two merits of arithmetic mean.

Ans. (i) Simple to Understand and Easy to Compute
; (ii) Based on all items .
7
Q. , Mention two demerits of arithmetic mea
n.
Ans. (i) Affected by extreme values; (ii) Not poss
ible in case of qualitative characteristics.
~ , What would be the sum of deviations of individual item
8
s taken from arithmetic mean?
ns. Zero.

~ 9. Which method would you use if there is some

common factor of the deviation of the items?
ns. 8tep Deviation Method.
·
Q;o, What would you get if the sum of items is divid
ed by their number?
ns. Mean.
1 8.56

Q. 11. How can we measur e mean in case of open-en d series?

n classes which depends
Ans. In case of open"en d series, we have to make assump tion about the unknow
c-
the pattern of c/ass"in tervals of other classes.

Q . 12. What happen s to the value of mean if some constan t value is added
or subtracted to all the iter·,
·
of the series?
Ans. Mean will increase or fall equal to the value added or subtract ed.

Q. 13. What are the two main forms of arithmetic mean?

Ans. (i) Simple arithmet ic mean; (ii) Weighte d arithmetic mean.

a. 14. Give the meaning of combin ed mean.

as combined mean.
Ans. When mean of two or more than two series is computed collectively, it is known

a. 15. What is weighte d arithme tic mean?

ce, the average of Slc.-
Ans. When different items of a series are weighted according to their relative importan
series is called weighte d arithmetic mean.

Q. 16. Which arithmetic mean gives relative importa nce to each item?
Ans. Weigh ted mean.

Q.17. In which case, weighted mean will be equal to simple mean?

Ans. When equal weight are used for all the items in the series.

Q. 18. In which case, weighted mean will be more than simple mean?
to the smaller items.
Ans. When larger weights are assigne d to the larger items and smaller weights

a. 19. Give two properties of arithmetic mean .

always zero; (ii) The sir :
Ans. (i) The sum of deviations of the observations from their arithmetic mean is
the square of the deviations of the items from their arithmetic mean is minimum.

Q . 20. The mean value of the marks obtained by 20 students in a class is 26

marks. If 1O marks are 2::i:
to every student, then what will be the new mean?
ic mean of the new ~-2r!,
Ans. If each observation of a series is increased by a constant, then the arithmet
also get increase d by the constant. So, in the given case, New Mean = 26 + 1o =
36 Marks.

t method.
a. 21. Give form ula of calculati ng arithmetic mean of a continuous series using short"cu

Ans. X =A + "i;. 1 . {Where, X = Arithmetic Mean; A = Assumed M ean; d = m - A. i. e., deviatiors -

with the respec:

mid"poin ts from assume d mean; Ltd = Sum of the product of devia tions (d)
"i.f
frequenc ies (f); = Total number of items}

Short Answer Type Questions (3"4 Marks each)

a. 1. What is meant by statistic al averages? What are its types?
a. 2. Mention any three main mathematical properti es of arithmetic mean .
Q . 3. Explain any three requirements of good measure of central tendenc
y.

Q. 4. State three merits and two demerit s of arith metic mean.

Q . 5. Show that the sum of deviations of the observations from their arithme
tic mean is zero.
 f central Tendency - Ari thm eti
0 c Mean
0 asU¢
/'{ .
ch observation of a se rie s 8. 57

l
is inc rea se d
06, 'If ea
th new se rie s als o ge t inc rea se d d or decreased by a con
· of e f n example. stant, then the arithmetic me
help o a or ecreased by that cons an
tant'. Prove this statement
with the
,Aihat is meant by we igh ted
ari thm eti c mean? H
01, VY . .
· t the for mu la (S ho rt- cu • ow 1s 1t calculated?
t
0·s. Sta e
and co nti.nu ou s se ne.
me tho d) fo .
series
s. r ca1culating mean in cas .
e of individual series, dis crete
Answer Type Qu es tio ns (6 Ma
Lon9 rks each)
Q, 1, Discuss the ob jec tiv
es for me as uri ng central ten
dency.
Q. , What are the ide als
2 of a go od average?
Q. 3. Briefly discuss the me
rits an d de me rits of arithm
etic mean .
Q. 4. Explain the ma the ma
tic al pro pe rtie s of Arithmeti
c mean .
Q. s. Discuss the co nd itio ns in wh
ich weighted mean is equa
with the help of ex am ple s. l to or more than simple ari
thmetic mean

UNSO LVED PRACTICALS

Ind ivi du al Se rie s

1. Find average for fol low ing ind
ivid ua l data.
2 3 5 s I 8 10 11 13 17 20
{Av era ge = 9.5}
2. Daily income of 1O fam ilie
s is giv en as follows:
S. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Daily Income (in (} 10 0 12 0 80 85 95 130 200 250 225 27 5
Calculate average da ily inc
om e
{Average daily inc om e = ~ 156}
3
· The following tab le giv es the
ma rks obtai·ne d by 1o students of a class:
S.No
1 2 3 5 6 7
. 4 8 9 10
Marks 43 48 65
60 37 48 57 78 31
. 59
Fina out mean marks, us ing .
Dir ec t Meth0 d as well as Short-Cut Method.
{M ea n= 52 .6 ma rks
}
4
· The following fig ure s are the .
he igh ts in ems Of 7 c hildren chosen at random:
64 59
• , 67, 69, 65, 70 , 68
Ca1 . ht by (i) Direct Method,
... culate the sim ple ari thm . (ii) Short -cu t Me tho d, and
eti c me an of the heig s
(111) Step Deviation Me tho
d.
{M ean height== 66 em s}
 . . ... " •

Calculation ot ,,,,,,,,, ,,,,,,,,,, ,, ,,,,, ,, ,,,,,. _

_ _ _9.71
, ;nspection, it is clear that modal 1 . Mode
,y . c ass ,s 62-Bs
oca/cu/ate mode, the following formul . 'because frequency of th ' I .
ts c ass ,s maximum i.e. 36.
· a Wt/I be used:
f1- f0
Mode (Z) = 11 + x ;
2f1 - fo- f2

11::: 62, f1 = 36, fo = 30, f2 =28,; =3

36-30
z == 62 +-----x 3
2 X 36 - 30 - 28 =
62
+-
6
X 3
14
Mode = 63.29 kg per hectare

QUESTIONS

FIL~ IN THE BLANK$ .

(i) _ _ _ _ _ is preferable to mean and median when it is desired to know the most typical value.
(ii) According to Karl Pearson, the relationship between mean, median and mode in an asymmetrical
distribution is given by Mode = _ _ _ __
(iii) The sum of deviations of items from median, _ignoring signs, is the _ _ _ __
(iv) _ _ _ _ _ can be easily located graphically with help of Ogives.
(v) The value of the variable which occurs most frequently in a distribution is known as _ _ _ __
(vi) - - - - - is known to be the best average in open-end class-interval series.

(vii) Median of a series: 10, 14, 19, 25, 36, is _ _ _ __

Ans. (i) Mode; (ii) 3 Median-2 Mean; (iii) Minimum; ~iv) Me~ian;
(v) Mode; (vi) Med1an; (v11) 19.

TRUE OR FALSE
- of mode is greater than mean.
i· 'b tion the va 1ue
• .
,1) In a positively skewed d1stn u ' . d1
.. . known as multi-mo a .
(Ii) The distribution with two modes is
,... • f the series.
' 111)a,is known as lower quarti 10 0 •
. ode in a series.
(iv) There can be more than one m
·mum frequency.
tv) Median is a value having maxi M dian == Mode.
8
,. Mean==
,vi) For a symmetrical distribution, . • zero.
edian 1s . . ( 'l (·:i ( ,1 ( ·:1
(Vii) ih . . f ·terns
1
from m Ans True: (iii) (Iv) (vi) Fa 1se. 1" 11ft v" v11,,.
e sum of dev1at1on o •
 9.72

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

Q. 1. Match the statements given under A with the correct options given under B.

A B
(i) Mode a. Middle value in the arranged data
Median b. It hel cate mode
Histo ram
0 ives
Ans. (i) d; (ii) a; (iii) b; (iv) c.

Q. 2. Match the statements given under A with the correct options given under B.
(A) '{B)
N
- - c.f.
(i) Lower Quartile a. I + - - -
2
1 xi
f

(ii) Median

3N
- - c.f.
(iii) Mode C. 4
11 +---xi
f
N
- - c.f.
(iv) Upper Quartile
d. 11 +-4---x i
f

Ans. (i) d; (ii) a; (iii) b; (iv) c.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs) AND MULTIPLE RESPO NSE QUESTIONS (MROs)

In the following Questions, there may be one or more than one correctanswer. You have to,mark all the correct answers.

1. In a distribution, the value around which the items tend to be most heavily concentrated is called:
(a) Median (b) Mean
(c) Third quartile (d) Mode
2. The sum of absolute deviations is minimum when taken from.
(a) Arithmetic Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) None of these
3. The values of extreme items do not influence the average in case of
(a) Median (b) Mean
(c) Mode (d) None of these
4. Median:
(a) Can be determined graphically (b) Not affected by extreme items
(c) Cannot be determined (d) Involves complex calculations

i
 9.73
s qf.g~f}J(~(T~!!.c!~.'!EY.= 'Y!€!qJ9'!. .9.'!c:/ Mode
·· ···· · ·· · ··
-~ of the following is not a mea sure . -·~···· .. .. .. ...
c o cent ral tend ency ?
. ·
Mean (b) Median
Mode
(d) Range
, second qua rtile is kno wn as
(b) lower quartile
Median
. (d) None of these
upper quartile

an of obs erva tion s sma ller than ' is th e same as the number larger than it
Mediber
,, num
(b) Mode
(d) None of these
Mean
1
e to:
aphic loca tion of mod e is don e with refe renc
(b) Frequency Polygon
) cumulative freq uen cy curv e (d) Histogram ·
:) Frequency Curv e
,e most wide ly ave rage use d is:
(b) Median
) Arithmetic Mea n
(d) Geometric Mean
c)3 Mode
is the best measure of central tend ency
:or open-end clas sific atio n, whic h of the following
(b) Geometric Mean
:a) Arithmetic Mea n
(d) Mode
(c) Median
es the series into two equal pats?
Nhat do you call the part ition value which divid
(b) Median .
(a) Upper Quartile (d) Lower Quartile
(c) Mode
..
'•
is
The middle mos t valu e of a set of obse rvat ions
(b) Mode
(a) Median (d) None of these
(c) Mean

A middle value
Mode of a serie s is.
(: ) None of above.
(a) An average valu e
( ) 1 f mode?.
(c) Highest freq uenc y val ue 40 hat would be the va ue o
If
'w 58
1• mean of a seri es is 32 and med ian is (b)
(a) 54 (d) 38
(c) 56
~.Mo t f • ries is called: (b) Median
ent occu rring valu e 1n a se .
8 requ (d) Quartiles
(a} Mode
(c} Mean series:
16. Me . (b) Discrete
dian can be calc ulat ed from - - - - (d) Independent
(a) Individual

17 (c)ct· Continuous is called d I

' I\ than two mod es (b) Multi-mo a
istribution with mor e
(d) None of these
(a) Bi-modal 1
d ·s·
(c) U · the rno eobse
•
rvation .
1a, In afr ni-modal nurnber of values, u,rgest observation
(b) . rn frequency of an
equency distr ibut ion of a larg e Max1mu
a) s
( (d)
le) rnanest value
· Observation with max irnur n frequ encY
9.74 Statistics for Eco
....... . .... . . .... ..... . ···-- ······ -. ·-..~ O,njCs
'~--

19. To find the media n , it is neces sary to arrang e the data in:
(a) Desce nding order (b) Ascen ding order
(c) Ascen ding or desce nding order (d) Any Random Order
_ mode s.
20. For the observation s 5, 3, 6, 3, 5, 10, 7 , 2, there are _ _ __
(a) 2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d) 5

21 . A group ing table has

(a) 4 columns (b) 6 columns
(b) 8 colum ns (d) None of these

22. The value of a variat e that occur most often is called

(a) Median (b) Mean
(c) Mode (d) None of these
is media n?
23. In case of an even numb er of obser vation s, which of the follow ing
(a) Any of the two middle -most value
(b) The simple average of these two middle values
(c) The weigh ted average of those two middle values
(d) Any of these

24. 50% of actual value s will be below and 50% of will be above
(a) Mode (b) Median
(c) Mean (d) None of these

25. Mod e of 0, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, 3 is:

(b) 0
(a) 6
(d) 5
(c) 3
26. A freque ncy distrib ution having two mode s is said to be:
(a) Unimo dal (b) Bimodal
(c) Trimod al (d) without mode

27. Histog ram is useful to determ ine graph ically the value of:
(a) Mean (b) Median
(c) Mode (d) All the above

28. Half of the nu mber in an ordere d set have values less than:
(a) Mean (b) Media n
(c) Mode (d) None of these
la:
29. If mode is ill defin ed then it is calcul ated with the help of formu
(a) Mode = 2 Median - 3 mean (b) Mode = 2 Media n+ 3 mean
(c) Mode = 3 Media n + 3 mean (d) Mode = 3 Median - 2 mean

30. c.f. is used for:

(a) Common factor (b) Cumu lative frequency

(c) Common value (d) None of above

31. When the distrib ution is symm etrical , mean, media n and mode
(a) Coincide {b) Do not coincid e
(c) Either (a) or (b) (d) None of these
-:;l)~~~,.,---- -

-, of2 5, 8, 4, 9, 6. 7, is· 9.75

~edian , .
~· (a) g (b) 8
~
8
. (d) 6
e of continuou s frequency distr"ib ut·
10 cas 10n the •

r,r
:l• ·ch the median lies. ' size of - - -- - indicates class-interval in

::I item (b) t~\em

~ -2 1Jh item
(C) [ ] (d) None of these
L

~.Which one of th e following average can be computed with the help of ogives?
(a) Simple Mean (b) Weighted Mean
(c) Mode (d) Median
!~.In case of an even number of observatio ns, which of the following is median?
(a) Weighted average of the two middle values (b) Simple average of the two middle values
(c) Any of the two middle-mo st values (d) None of these
lo. To calculate _ _ _ _ _ _ , it is essential to make class-intervals equal and frequencies have to be
adjusted.
(a) Mean (b) Mode
(c) Median (d) None of these

11 , _ _ _ _ _ is called a positional measure.

(a) Median (b) Mode
(d) None of these
(c) Mean
18. For ordering shoes of various sizes for resale, a - - - - - size will be more appropriate.
(b) Mean
(a) Modal
(d) None of these
(c) Median
19 parts:
, Quartiles divide a series into__ __ (b) 3
(a) 2 (d) 5 .
(c) 4 . intelligence of different employees in
~O . . . case of calculating average
· Which average is most suitable in
an office? (b) Mean
(a) Mode (d) Median and Mode
(c) Median h·
,,. ih 1ocated through grap · (b) Median
e following value can be
(a) Mode None of these
(d)
(c) Mean
~i . .
, the most common value in a series is. (b) Mean
(a.) Mode (d) All of these
(c) Median
9.76 ·
Statistics for Econom ics

43. Which of the following formula is used to find out median?

N
~- f - · - c.f.
2 2
(a) Me = 11 + - - x i (b) Me = l2 + - - - xi
c.f. f

N
- - c.f.
N-c.f. . 2
(c ) Me= 11 + - - - x 1 (d) Me = l1 + - -- x i
f f

44. Ii; case of discrete and continuous series, mode can be calculated by:
(a) Inspection Method (b) Grouping Method
(c) Summation Method (d) None of these

45 . Which Quartile is called Median?

(a) 0 1 (b) 0 2
(c) 0 3 (d) None of these

46. In a symmetrical distribution:

(a) Mean = Median= Mode (b) Mean> Median> Mode
(c) Mean< Median< Mode (d) None of these

47. Median and Quartiles can be calculated in case of continuous series only after arranging the data in:
(a) Ascendi ng Order (b) Descending Order
(c) Either (a) or (b) (d) None of the above
48. To calculate _ __ ___ , data must be arranged in the form of a frequency distribution.
(a) Median (b) Mean
(c) Mode (d) None of these

49 . Lower quartile is.

(a) First Quartile (b) Second Quartile
(c) Upper Quartile (d) None of these
50. In an arranged series of N observations (N being an odd number), the median is the value of:

~ + :J" item (b) [ ~ + 1]'" item

r
(a)

1
(c) [ N; item (d) None of these

51. For a symm etrical distribution, mean is equal to 40. Its mode and median are respectively:
(a) 40 , 36 (b) 36,40
(c) 36, 36 (d) 40, 40

52. For a negatively skewed distribution:

(a) Mean = Mode= Median (b) Mean > Median> Mode
(c) Mean< Median< Mode (d) None of these

53. The percentage of values in a set of values which are less than or more than the median value is:
(a) 90% (b) 75%
~:~=•' ." ,v u
..............................

,e 11ighest rb~i~~a:frequency distrib~~;

:~:~~e represents:
~.,,

~oint of intersection of two cum \ .

(d) None of these
Mode u at\Ve freque
ncy curves provides:
Mean
(b) Median
most sui~ab\e average for qua\it
ative (d) ~one of these
Arithmetic Mean
measurement 1s:
Mode
(b) Median
,ich of the fo\\owing is no t affected b
(d) None of these
Mean
1 y presence of extreme values in a ser
) Mode ies?
(b) Median
ins. 1. (d); 2. (b); 3. (a); 4. (a) (b)· 5 (d) None of these .
(d)· 6 ( )
15. (a); 16. (a), (b), (c); 17.
27. (c); 28. (b); 29 . (d); 30. (b);
(b); 18.
(c)~ ~:
1
7
(d/~~
8
( (d}; 9. (a); 10. (c); 11. (b); 12. (a);
13. (c); 14. (c);
(a)· 21
40. (c); 41. (a), (b); 42. (a); 4 _31 32 (d/, 33· a), - (b); 22. (c); 23. (b); 24. (b); 25. (c); 26. (b);
3 (d)· 44' (a)· (b)'· • (b); 34• (d); 35. (b); 36. (b); 37. (a);
' • , , 45• (b); 46. (a); 47. 38. (a); 39. (c);
(a); 48. (c); 49. (a); 50. (c); 51. (d);
52. (c); 53. (c); 54. (a); 55. (b); 56.
(b); 57. (b), (c).

·ySnort An sw er Type Questions

l
\ REV!s10N EXERCISE \
(1 Mark each)
1.t Detine Median.
\ns. Median may be defined as the
middle value in the data set when
order. its elements are arranged in a seq
uential
.
Q. 2. When is an average known
as positional average?
Ans. An average is known as positio
nal average whose value is affecte
distribution. d by the position of certain items in
the
Q,3. Mention any two merits of me
dian.
Ans. (i) Easy to calculate and simple
to understand; (ii) Unaffected by
extreme values.
Q. 4. Which graph is used to loc
ate median graphically?
Ans. Ogive Curve.
Q.s. \-\ow is the value of median comput
ed with the help of o~ive_cur~es?
Ans Th
· e poi.nt of ,nte
. .
rsect,o f , than'
n o 1ess ogive and 'more tha n ogive gives the value of median
.
.
Q.s. What would be the median marks for the
A . following marks of 5 students: 10, 20,
ns. 30 Marks. 30, 35, 38.
Q,7 \,., .
· vvh1ch average divides the sen•es · to two equal parts?
in
Ans. Median.
Q~
· · What do you cal\ the measure tha d' .des the series into four equal parts?
\ Ans. Ouarti/es. t ,v,

\\ ~ns.t Detine Mode.

Mode is the value occurring most frequen 1 . 8 set of observations and around which other items of the
t y ,n
set cluster mo st densely.
I\'

(_~
Q . 10 . W ha t are th e two m et
ho ds to locate mode?
Ans. (i) Inspection Method
(ii) Grouping Method.
Q . 11 . Give two merits of Mod
e.
Ans. (i) Easy an d simple to
calculate; (ii) No t affe
cted by the values of
Q . 12 . State a de m er it of Mod Extreme Items.
e.
Ans. Mode is no t rigidly de
fined.
Q . 13 . H ow many columns ar
e there in a grouping
Ans. 6 Columns. table?

Q . 14 . W hi ch ta bl es
are required to be co
An s. Grouping table nstructed for computin
an d An g mode?
aly~is table.
Q . 15 . W hi ch gr ap
h is used to co m pu te
An mode?
s. Histogram.
Q . 16 . Sh ow th e em
pirical relationship be
Ans. M od e= 3 Media tween mean, m od e an
n- 2M d median.
ean.
Q . 17 . If fy1ean
= 150 and M od e = 190, what
Ans. Median = 163.33 will be median?
.
Q . 18 . W hi ch aver
age is m os t suitable to
Ans. Mode. determine most co m m
on size of a ready-mad
e garment?
Q . 19 . O ut of m ea
n, m ed ia n and mode, wh
Ans. Median. ich is the mo_ st suitable average fo
r qualitative measurement
?
Q . 20 . W ha t is th e relations
hip between mean, m
Ans. In case of symmetric edian and m od e in ca
al distribution, the value se of symmetrical distrib
s of mean, median an ution ?
Q . 21 . Can m od e be calculat d m od e ar e equal.
ed directly if unequal
Ans. If unequal class-interv cl as s-intervals are given.
als are given, then we
intervals sh ou ld be m m ust make them equal be
ad e equal an d frequen fore we calcula te mode.
cies be adjusted. The class·
Q . 22 . Is it ne ce ss ar y to conv
ert inclusive class-inte
Ans. Yes, while calculating rvals while calculating
median in a continuo median?
convert the series into us series with inclusiv tc
an exclusive class-inte e class-inte rva ls, it is ssa 111
rval series. nece
S ho rt A ns w er Ty pe Q
ue st io ns (3 -4 M ar ks
ea ch )
Q .1 . State two mer
its and one de m er it of
median.
Q . 2. Distinguish be
tween Mean and Med
ian.
Q . 3. Discuss the st
eps involved in compu
ting mode graphically
Q . 4. Mention th e ?
merits of mode.
Long Answer Type Q
ue stions (6 Marks ea
ch)
Q . 1. Discuss the
merits and demerits of
median.
Q . 2. W ha t are th A
 of Dispersion
~'!~~---············· ··· ··· ····-···········
10. 79

EOBJEc:rtvE I 0ues110Ns ]
. . . FILL IN THE BLANKS
de nt f
standard Dev1at1on 1s ind ep en o cha nge of
(') •
-----·
1

me asu res of dis pe rsi on wh ich i t . . . ies are termed

··)
(II The are exp res sed
n erms of original units of a ser
as __ __ __ .
.
- -- - -. is kno wn as the hal f of difference of and the lower quartile .
(iii) roo t of th . h . upper qua rtile
(iv) _ _ ___ 1s the squ are fthedeviationsmeasured
an. ea nt meticaverageofthesquareso
from the me
on all the . . .
_ and
(v) Quartile De via tion is no t ba sed observatio ns as it ignores the first _ _ __
the last 25 % of the item s.
f . . . . _ .
(vi) The sum of the squ are of the deviations of the ·tI ems rom their anthmet1c mean 1s the _ _ __
. d f item in a
as the diff ere nce bet we en the largest and the smallest
(vii) . . . . is e me d
d1stnbut1on
tho d of studying dispersion.
(viii) _ _ __ _ is a gra ph ic me n Mean Deviation from
of ob ser vat ion s, Sta nda rd Deviation is _ _ _ _ _ tha
(Ix) For a given set
mean.
a series.
_ _ is the diff ere nce bet ween third and first-quartiles in
(x) _ _ _
ano the r name of _ _ _ __
(xi) Semi-interquartile Ra ng e is
of standard deviation.
(xii) _ _ __ _ is the squ are _ __
ien t of quartile deviation is _ _
(xiii) If 0 1 = 10, 0 3 = 40, tha n coe ffic of standard deviati on is
, coe ffic ien t of var iati on is 55 and mean is 10, than value
(xiv) If in a series

re of _ _ _ _ _ disper sion.
(xv) Standard dev iati on is a me asu iatio~; (v) 25% ;
ute Me asu res ; (iii) Q~ arti le Deviation; (Iv) Standard Dev
Ans. (I) Ori gin ; (II) Ab sol art,te Range ;
imu m; (vii) Ra nge ; (viii) Lor enz Curve; (Ix) More; (x) lnterqu
(vO Min iance; (xiii) 0.6; (xiv) 5.5; (xv) Abs
olute.
(xi) Quartile Deviation; (xii) Var

TRUE OR FALSE
squares of the dev iations of the
d d deviation is tha.t sum of the .
(') An .important pro pe rty of sta n ar
1
.
is maximum.
items from the ari thm eti c me an . . . .
rd dev iati on is ind ep en de nt of origin. sta nda rd dev 1at1 on als o get s mult1pl1ed by 4.
(Ii) Standa . . d b 4 then the
.
are mu ltip lle Y ' . .
(iiI) If all the ob ser vat ion s
d "th the help of .Pie Diagram.
(,iv) Dis . wi
persion can als o be me asu ret of variation are the same.
ff . fficient of range is one.
(v) T
an d the coe icie n t lue is zero the value of coe
he variance r m~an
of th e !owes v~
(Vi) If the lower lim it of the cla ss ted from ant hm e ic ·
(Vi') pu f any ave rag e.
Mean dev iati on is alw ays com
(V111).i St b cal cul ate d rom ded distribution.
andard dev iati on can e
.
is sui tab le for ope n~~n educe standard deviation by 4.
(Ix) Ouartile dev iati on
(x) R ·tI m by 4 w;:i aIso of
r
sec ond order.
ry e
. educing eac h an d eve re the ave rag es , (v) , (vii) , (viii) , (x) .
(x1) M .
sio n a . (·:i (iii' (vi) , (ix) , (xi) ; False: (i) , (iv)
easures of dis per Ans. True. II; , ; ,
 Statistics for E
10.80 conorn·
ICs

MATCHING TYPE QUESTIONS

a. 1 . Match the stateme nts given under A with the correct options given under
8.

(i) Range

Largest item - Smalles t item

(ii) Coefficient of Quartile .
b.
Deviation Largest item + Smalles t ,tern

(iii) Quartile Deviation c. Largest item - Smalles t item

03-01
(iv) Coefficient of Range d.---
03+01
Ans. (i) c; (ii) d; (iii) a; (iv) b.
B.
Q. 2. Match the stateme nts given under A with the correct options given under
. (B) .,: '

(i) Coefficient of a. Mean Deviation -;- Mean

Standard Deviation

(ii) Coefficient of Variation b. Standard Deviation -;- Mean

(iii) Variance c. (Standard Deviation-;- Mean) x 100

(iv) Lorenz Curve d. Square of Standard Deviation

(v) Coefficient of Mean e. Line of Equal Distribution

Deviation

Ans. (i) b; (ii) c; (iii) d; (iv) e; (v) a.

IONS (MR~
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs ) AND MULTIPLE RESPO NSE QUEST

In the following Questions, there may be one or more than one correct answer. You have .to ,nark~IIJ~ernrrect answers.
•' ~:>";.;.,<·;..': . .:.;::~};'f,<,.•Ni,; "':•~ =_;: <f;,<.;>;~::,<!, ~

the
is multiplie d by 2, then
1. The standard deviatio n of a set of 50 observa tions is 8. If each observa tion
new value of standard deviatio n will be: ·
(a) 4 (b) 8
(d) None of the above b
(c) 16
tion is increased y
2. The standard deviatio n of a set of 50 observa tions is 6.5. If value of each observa
5, then the standard deviatio n is:
(a) 2.5 (b) 6.5
(c) 3.5 (d) None of the above

3. Which of the following stateme nt is correct?

(a) Standard deviation is independent of change of origin
(b) Standard deviation is independent of change of scale
(c) Mean deviation can be calculated from both mean and median
(d) Mean deviation is very much affected by extreme observations
 1
set of values is said to be relat1v
•
e1y u .f 10.81
· d. . n1orrn if it has .
a) High 1sp ers1on
. . ·
c) Little d1spers1on
Nhic h one is difficult to com put e?.
.
l~! ersion
~ero disp
egat1ve dispersion
Re Iat1ve measures of dispe rs1o . n
,'a)
(c) Both (a) and (b) (b) Absolute meas .
d (d) Range ures of dispersion
If the vari able s are inc rea sed
O
r ecreas ed b th
y e same proportion th st ard deviation changes
bY: .' e and
(a) Same proportion
(b) Different prop ortion
(c) Both (a) and (b)
. . (d) None of these
The most commonly used measur Of
(a) Coefficient of variation e dispersion is
(b) Standard Deviation
(c) Range
(d) Quartile deviation
Dev iatio n from Me ,, .
• R
11
oot- Mea n Squ are . . an 1s
(a) Stan dard Dev1at1on (b) Qua rtile devi ation
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Non e of these
. .
. ?.
of dis pers1on
9. Which of. the fo llowing is not a me asure
(a) Vanance (b) Mean devi ation
(d) Mode
(c) Standard Deviation
10. Which of the following is a relative
measure of dispersion?
. (b) Variance
(a) Standard Deviation
(d) Coefficient of Range
(c) Coefficient of Vari ation
sure of dispersion?
11. Which of the following is a unit less mea
(b) Mean deviation
(a) Standard Deviation
(d) Range
(c) Coefficient of variation
40. If each of the numbers is increas ed
by 5, then the new
dar d dev iatio n of 25 num bers is
12, The stan
standard dev iation will be: (b) 45
(a) 40 (d) None of these
(c) 41.5
3 wn as (b) Standard Deviation
j 1 · Semi- interquartile range is also kno
(d) Quartile range.
(a) Mean deviation .
(c) Quartile deviation . h best measure of dispersion 1s:
14 es, t e (b) Range
· For comparison. of two different seri
(d) coefficient of variation
(a) Mean deviation
. the maximum value of the set is:
(c) Standard Deviation 57 1

1 nd range ,s (b) 66
S, If th e minimum value in a set is 9 a its
(d) None of these
(a) 33 n
. nd 5 respectively, then the standard deviatio
(c) 48 10 '
f set of data 1s a
16 If
· rnean and coefficient of variation °a (b) o.5
ls: (d) none of the above
(a)
10
(c) 5
 ◄
10.82 Statistics for Economic
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -.. . . . . .. _ ' s

17. If all the observations are multiplied by 5, then new Standard Deviation (SD) would be:
I. (a) Multiplied by 5 (b) Increased by 5
, Ii
\1 '·
(c) Half of the previous SD (d) Decreased by 5
'I
i/,
,·, 18. The measure of dispersion which ignores signs of the deviations from a central value is:
(a) Quartile deviation (b) Range
'I
(c) Standard Deviation (d) Mean deviation

19. Which measure of dispersion has a different unit other than the unit of measurement of values?
(a) Mean deviation (b) Range
(c) Standard Deviation (d) Variance

2 Which measure of dispersion is based on the absolute deviations only?

(a) Quartile deviation (b) Mean Variation
(c) Standard D?viation (d) Range

21. Which measure of dispersion is not affected by the presence of extreme observations?
(a) Standard Deviation (b) Mean deviation
(c) Range (d) Quartile deviation

22. The range of the following set of observations 2, 3, 5, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 7, 4, 3 is:

(a) 6 (b) 7
(c) 5.5 (d) 11

23. Which measures of dispersion is the quickest to compute?

(a) Mean deviation (b) Quartile deviation
(c) Standard Deviation (d) Range

24. Which one is an absolute measure of dispersion?

(a) Standard Deviation (b) Mean Deviation
(c) Range (d) Coefficient of Mean Deviation

25. Which of the following measures of dispersion can attain a negative value?
(a) Range (b) Mean deviation
(c) Standard Deviation (d) Variance

26. The measure of variation which is mostly affected by extreme items is:
(a) Range {b) Quartile deviation
(c) Standard Deviation .(d) · Mean deviations

27. Coefficient of variation is

(a) Absolute measure (b) Relative measure
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these

28 The range represents the

(a) Difference between highest and lowest value (b) Middle number
(c) Highest number (d) Lowest number

29. The appropriate measure of dispersions for open-end classification is:

(a) Mean deviation (b) Standard Deviation
(c) Quartile deviation (d) All these measures

30. Quartile deviation is called

(a) Inter quartile range (b) Quartile range
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) None of these
~ ~ .o!Pisp(!(!.ion ·································· ······················································· · 10.8 3

l~e;~' 1
quartile is 04 and quartile deviation ,:~: ;~
I~~~ ~~ a~ue· is ·
146
. (d)
1 (c) _ h rneasure is base d on only the ce nt ral f ,tty per
1 v,JhIC . . cent of the observations?
/Jt• Mean dev1at1on
(b) Quartile deviation
I (a) standard Devi ation
th
re of stan dard devi ation is know (d) All ese measures
r (c) squa n as:
. , 1he
i Jj, variance
(b) Mean deviation
(a) standard Deviation
1
• (d) None of these
(c)
t 'b .
hen it com es to com pari ng two or more d'r s n utrons we co 'd
,A W ' ns1 er
,.. ) Relative mea sure s of disp ersio n
(b) Absolute measures of dispersion
(a) Both (a) and (b)
(d) Either {a) or (b)
(c
. Standard Devi ation is
J5,
(a) Absolute mea sure (b) Relative measure
Both (a) and (b)
{d) None of these
(b)
is always com pute d from arith meti c mea n ?
l6, Which of th e f?ll? wing mea sure of disp ersio n
rt'I d • •
(a) Mean dev1at1on (b) Oua I e ev1at1on
(d) All of these
(c) Standard Devi ation
unit of variance will be:
i7. If the values of a set are mea sure d in cm, the
(b) No unit ·
(a) Cm 3
2 ( d) Cm
(c) Cm
JS, Which of the follo wing state men t is corre ct
abou t mea n deviation?
(b) It is not rigidly defined
(a) It is based on all obse rvati ons
(d) It is capable of further algeb raic treatmen t
(c) It is less effec t of extre me valu es
(c); 14. (d) :
(b); 8. (a); 9. (d); 10. (c), (d); 11. (c); 12. (a); 13.
Ans. 1. (c); 2. (b); 3. (a), (c); 4. (c); 5. (a); 6. (d); 7. 25. (a); 26. (a):
(d); 22. (b); 23. (d); 24. (a), (b), (c);
15. (b); 16. (b); 17. (a); 18. (d); 19. (d); 20. (b); 21.
(a); 34. (a); 35. (a); 36. (c); 37. (c) ; 38. (a). (c).
27. (b); 28. (a); 29. (c); 30. (a); 31. (b); 32. (b); 33.

f-~~t 1s10N f EXERCISE I

lery Short Answer Type Que stio ns ( 1 Mar k each)
a.,. What is mea nt by disp ersio n?
nt to which the individual values fall away from the
central value .
Ans. Dispersion indic ates the exte

Q. 2· What are the two mea sure s of disp ersio

n?
•
Ans 111 Absolute Mea sure ; (ii) Rela tive Measure.
1,1
•
disp ersio n? . . . .
Q, 3· What is mea nt b abso lute mea sure of expr esse d in term s of the ongm al umts of a senes are terrn ed as
Ans. Tih y. . h. h
e measures of disp ersio n ~ ,c are
absolute measures. . ?
Q4
. . .
ive mea sure of d1spers1o n
. . What do ou mea n b relat
rcen tage or ratio of the avera ge, ,t ,s calle d Relative mea sure s
4ns. Wh Y Y
en the disp ersio n is mea sure d as a pe
of dispersion.
Q. 5. Define range .
Ans. Range is defined as the difference between the largest and the smallest item in a distribution.

Q. 6. What is the meaning of meant by interquartile range?

Ans. Interquartile range refers to the difference between the values of two quartiles.

Q. 7. What is meant by quartile deviation?

Ans. Quartile Deviation is the half of difference of upper quartile (Q~ and the lower quartile (0 1).

Q. 8. Which measure of dispersion covers middle 50% of the items?

Ans. Quartile Deviation.
Q. 9. What is the meaning of mean deviation?
Ans. Mean deviation of a series is the arithmetic average of the deviations of various items from a measure of
central tendency.
a. 1O. What is meant by standard deviation?
Ans. Standard Deviation is the square root of the arithmetic average of the squares of the deviations measured
from the mean.
a . 11. What is meant by variance?
Ans. Variance is the square of the standard deviation.
Q . 12. Which graphical method is used to measure dispersion?.
Ans. Lorenz Curve.
Q . 13. State three absolute measures of dispersion .
Ans. (i) Range; (ii) Mean Deviation; (iii) Standard Deviation.
Q. 14. Mention one demerit of Lorenz Curve.
Ans. Lorenz curve does not provide any numerical value of the variability for the given distribution.
Q. 15. What is the formula for measuring coefficient of variation is:
CJ
Ans. Coefficient of Variation (C. V.) =-=-- x 100
X
a. 16. State two properties of standard deviation.
A ns. (i) The sum of the square of the deviations of the items from their arithmetic mean is the minimum:
(ii) Standard Deviation is independent of change of origin.

a. 17. If 0 1 = 1O, 0 3 = 50, then what is the coefficient of quartile deviation?

. · t o fQ uar,t 'Ie Dev,at,on

A ns. Coe ff,c,en · · 03 - 01 - -50 -
- _..;;..._...;._ - 10
- = -40 = o.666
0 3 + 01 50 + 10 60
Q. 18. Why plus-mius signs are ignored while calculating mean deviation?
Ans. If algebraic signs are considered, then the sum of deviations from the mean should be zero and from
t~e media~ would be nearly zero. So, to study the variation of items fro m a central value, plus and minus
signs are ignored.

Q. 19. Mention any two relative measures of dispersion.

Ans. (i) Coefficient of Mean Deviation; (Ii) Coefficient of Standard Deviation.
Q. 20. Mention one merit of Lorenz Curve.
Ans. Lorenz Curve is attractive and it gives a rough idea of extent of dispersion.
 10.85
f oisp~C~ !?'? - - - - -
u,,es O,..----·-
'i~,,,,..,-- rninirnum value of a distribution is 40 and the range is 70 then what is the maximum value of
1fthe . ? '
l distribution .
th e Range = Largest item - Smallest item .
70 = Largest item - 40
st item= 70 + 40 = 110.
iarge
Mention two ~bj~~tives of measuring dispersion.
~.22· (i) To test re/Jabiltty of an average.
¥15· (ii) To compare the extent of variability in two or more distributions.

_State three characteristics of a good measure of dispersion.

23
~- 1;i It should be based on all observations.
t,f,S, I•/
(ii) It should be rigidly defined.
(iii) It should be easy to calculate and easy to understand.

, . The standard deviation of marks of 40 students was ~ 15. If each observation is multiplied by 3,
024
then what will be the new value of standard deviation?
Ans. Standard Deviation is affected by change of scale, i.e. if all the observations are multiplied by a constant,
then the standard deviation also gets multiplied by this constant. So, New Standard Deviation = 15 x 3
= <45.

Q.25. Which measure of dispersion is used to compare the uniformity of the score of two batsmen in a
cricket match series?
Ans. Coefficient of Variation.

0.26. Which is the most suitable measurement of dispersion in case of open-end distribution? .,,.
._. l
Ans. Quartile Deviation.
• ' I
\ I
0-27 - The standard deviation of marks of 30 students was~ 20. If marks of each student is increased by ' t

2, then what will be the new value of standard deviation?

Ans. Standard Deviation is independent of change of origin, i.e. value of standard deviation remains the same
/ if in a series, a constant is added to all observations. So, New Standard Deviation= ~ 20.

Sn ·
ort Answer Type Questions (3-4 Marks each)
Q, 1 Wh ·
· Yrs there a need for Measures of Dispersion?
Q, 2· State th f d. .
e characteristics of a good measure o 1spers1on.
0, 3. Ment·ion the different absolute and relative measures of d'1spers1on.
·
0, 4. Wh · · ·
Q at is the difference between range and coeff1c1ent of range?
· 5. Wh · . ·
. at is meant by standard deviation? Mention the different methods to calculate stand ard deviation
rn ca .
Q, se of discrete series.
6
Q, • What is meant by combined standard deviation? Give the formula for measuring it.
?, D·1
· between mean deviation and standard d evia · t·ion .
0. 8 Sting uish
. Menuo h ,
, n t e merits and demerits of 'Lorenz Curve ·