Catanduanes State University

Virac, Catanduanes

LYKA JANE T. TARNATE

BSN-1D

EXERCISE NO. 3 GRAM-STAINING

I. Give the Gram-staining reaction and morphology (shape) of the following bacteria.

Gram stain reaction: Blue (Gram-positive)

Morphology/Shape: Cocci

Gram stain reaction: Purple (Gram-positive)

Morphology/Shape: Bacilli

Gram stain reaction: Pink (Gram-negative)

Morphology/Shape: Bacilli

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 II. Indicate the function of the different reagents used in Gram-staining

Expected Result
Reagent Function
Gram-positive Gram-Negative

Crystal violet Primary stain Purple or blue Purple or blue

Gram’s iodine Mordant Purple or blue Purple or Blue

95% Alcohol Decolorizer Purple or blue Colorless

Counterstain or
Safranin Secondary stain Purple or blue Red or pink

III. Differentiate gram positive cell wall from negative cell wall

Features Gram-positive Cell Wall Gram-negative Cell Wall

Peptidoglycan
Have a thick peptidoglycan Have a thin peptidoglycan
layer and no other lipid layer and have an outer lipid
membrane whist membrane

Complexity
Simple Complex

Teichoic acid Absent

These are essential to
viability in the environment
and provide chemical and
physical protection

Lipopolysaccharides complexes Absent -Present

-any of a large class of lipids
conjugated with
polysaccharides

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 Endotoxin None
Any toxin secreted by a
microorganism and released
into the surrounding
environment only when it dies

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