‘CHAPTER NO: 27 ny ; MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT —— LE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. A treasure of all type ‘pes of resources essential to mainta ain life on earth is (b): Water 2. The upper weathered layer of the ¢ (a): Rock 3. Soil is continuously is: (SWI 16) RWP. 18) (): Land id): Sun th crust is: (GRW. 06) (b): Sand 1): Soil depleting its mineral nutrients due to vigorou (b): Deforest 4. The largest consumers of electric ¢ ne (LHR. 07) ation (c): Tree production (d); Popu By are (LHR. 09) (@): Homes (b): Offices OS: gricultur The air pollutant oxides of nitrogen result from: (ESD. 10) petrol (b): Cigarette smoke ning system & The percentage of land under cultivation; (LHR,10, MUL, 10 supl,, 14) (a): 305 (b): 21% (Hz (a): 7. Air in motion is called: a 14) (@): Atr (0): Gas ( About 95%) of our daily requirements are fulfilled by: 2): Hydroelectric Power (b): Nuclear energy —(c); eothermal energy QURRESIE 9. The most widely used source of energy on earthist ~ (ESD. 15) (a): Wind Des) ©: Water 10. Water present in the form of frozen ice caps is: (a): 01% © 8 run Lo ©:03% 11. Nuclear ‘power station can last only f 7 (BWP. 16; SGD. 15) (10 yen re... vee 12. In ocean, fenretk at the depth (MUL. 08) (a): 35°C 13. Which one of the following is a yabl r (GRW. 21) (b): Oil and water . @):Oiland gas HUMAN IMPACT - 14. To save energy is actually refers (2): Protection 15. Modern man is called Hon (2): 10000 (a): 32.5 billion 17. The world population is (a): 2020 4 Scanned with CamScanner18. 19, 20, 30. 31 32. 33. 34, ____are called environmental buffers: (MUL. 06; SWL. 14; DGK. 1%; Bae ew) (a): Trees (b): Forests (c): Bioreactors The study of human populati d the things that affect them is called: (SGD. 14, LHR. 15) (a): Omithology (b): Getontoto; (d): Evolution Establishment of new forests where there is no forests existed previously is called (MUL. 15; DGK. 15; SGD. 19; RWP. 19) (a): Deforestation (b): Reforestation (d): Desertification POLLUTION ‘ing, organism is: (DGK. 14) of the air by that may be harmful to | (a): Pollution (b); Water Pollution CMW (d): Noise pollution Stone cancer is result of (LHR. 15) (a): Eutrophication (b): Water Pollution (a): Noise pollution As CFCs rise to the atmosphere, the ultraviolet rays releases (RWP. 14) (@): Hydrogen (a): Carbon (b): Fluorine (SGD. 15; GRW. 18) In pure form ozone is: ish (b): Reddish (c): Yellowish Line in thickness of ozone layer is eaused by the inereasing level of: (DGK. 16; RWP. 17; FSD. 19; GRW. 19) (b): Sulphur dioxide aetna) Carbon monoxide Ozone in nthe upper layer of atmosphere filters: (MUL. 16; SWL. 17) (b) alpha-radiation (©): Beta-radiations (d): Gamma-radiations (RWP. 16; LHR. 17) Ozone molecule is made up by the binding fl : (b): Fluorine Chic (cl): Oxygen] a): Carbon Ozone layer extends above earth from: (b): 10-30 Km. A single chlorine atom can react with ultra viole as: (b): One billion. Which substance destroys ozone layer? (a): Carbs (b): Sulphur Lung cancer is caused due t Ene Acid rain damages life in lakes, farms and, (a): Desert (b): Air Oxides of nitrogen causes: en (a): Ca ‘The cause of acid rain is: (a): Oxides of hydrogen (0): Oxides of potassium Scanned with CamScanneret INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS + HEALTH & DISEASE mine cause of scurvy is (Bacteria (b): Genetics DEMIS 33 |, Which one is congenital disease? (d): Aging (b):Malaria (0): Scurvy (SGD. 10) cE (@): Alps 1, Allare infectious diseases except: (MUL. 08 sup) (b): Cholera (c): Tuberculosis (4): AIDS j, Achemical which kills the weeds in crops is called: : (MUL. 09; DGK. 15) {q): Insecticides (b): Pesticides (©): Germicides The steady internal state of homeostasis is known ae (GRW. 15) PRG Dies:e (©) Osmoregulation ESR (4): Thermoregulations 0) Beri Beri is caused by: (AJk 15) (a) Infection (0): Physical chsorder SRUTRU NIMES (4): Chemical cause Scanned with CamScannerENVIRONMENT + RESOURCES OF ENVIRONMENT ‘are renewable and non-renewable resources? 1D, 14, 15; MUL. 16; RWP. 18) Whi __(GRW. 09, 12, 14; LHR. 14, 15, 16, 18; SWE: 14; . 14, RENEWABLE RESOURCES: NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES reer ae var depleted i he | The revauscen which ore) eae nature are called renewable resources consumed cannot be replaced are called non. renewable resources, | = RECYCLING: 1 eon ie sy are not recycled in nature, They are recycled in nature lic minerals an Air, water, food, land, forests and wild life (coil, oil and natural gas 2. Define nutrient cycle in nature. “ (SGD. 12, SWL. 14) nutrient cycle. (RWP. 14) tors which upset the balance of 3. Name the three f. NUTRIENT CYCLE: i joa materials decay and become food for other living things. bee > Innature there is no waste, + This food is consumed, or decayed and become food agains t cycle, the process that supplies food > Thisis the nutrient The balance in the nutrient cycle can be upset when Not enough food is produced. Too much is consumed are not returned to the grounds) Decayed nutrients RENEWABLE AND NON-RE What is air? What is its components? 4. AIR: Air is several kilometers thick blanket of at esource, important natural 1 COMPOSITION OF AIR: It consists of: Nitrogen (79%), + Oxygen (20%), Carbon dioxide (0.03%) and > Traces of inert or noble gases 5, Define soil. Give its basic constituents. (MU SOIL: The upper weathered layer of earth’ COMPOSITION OF SOIL. The basic constituents of soil are: Scanned with CamScannerSOM particles, > Soil organic matter, y Soil inorganic matter, > Soil water, and Soil organisms. 6 Describe abuses of land. con LAND ABUS Land may also be abusedl in many ways like erosion, poor agricultural practice, extensive grazing, Teeching ete + Rapid urbanization is also a factor in disturbing the natural land conditions 7. What is wild life? Give its important role. (MUL. 16; LHR. 18; SWL. 19) WILD LIFE: All non-cultivated plants and non-domesticated animals are referred as wild life. IMPORTANCE: 1, Source of Food: 2. Role in Food Chain: Game animals and plants have been major source of food for hua Wild life plays very important role in food chain. Without wild life, th: food chain can be disturbed to such an extent that it will be very difficult to maintain the balance. 8, What are fossil fuels? Why they have been named so? (FSD. 10; GRW. 09; MUL. 08) FOSSIL FUEL: sey ‘ > Coal, oil and gas are collectively called the fossil fuels, ~ They are called fossil fuels because they are the remains of plants and animals of past which became buried due to environmental hazards and were fossilized in deeper layers of earth and sea. ; IMPORTANCE: > 95% of our dail Scanned with CamScanner10. What is nuclear energy? Vee NUCLEAR ENERGY: > Nuclear energy is obtained from nuclear fuels by nuclear fission. > In nuclear power station, large amount of heat is generated by nuclear fi ion, which takes pia, in a nuclear reactor. > The heat energy is then used to convert water into steam, which drives steam turbines generating electricity, which is known as nuclear energy q 11. Explain the ocean thermal gradient as renewable energy resource. (BWP. 17) OCEAN THERMAL GRADIENT: * In oceans, especially in tropical regions, temperature of surface water is about 25°C and that the depth of few hundred meters only 5eC. » This develops an ocean thermal gradient and heat is conducted i higher temperature. eee og > Man has developed the technology to use this thermal gradient to drive a turbine for electric generation, but this may also disturb the marine ecosystem. 12. What is geo-thermal energy? Explain. lismeanpeieges (cK.12) GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: ad: rks fists oo > Volcanoes, hot springs and geysers allow thee: >» The natural heat energy trapped undergrout EXPLANATION: > Hot water or steam carrying geothermal world such as New Zealand and Ice Lands > Geothermal energy is free and can last for al 13. How solid waste can be used for the prod 14. Give importance of solid wastes. USE OF SOLID WASTES FOR ENERGY PRO The conversion of waste materials like agriculture and industrial wastes ete, by bioconversion can provide oil and gasa can be countered. 15. How can you conserve energy? 16. Give any four points to conserve ener Develop and nse energy efficient machin Reduce wastage by recycling. Drive less, walk and use public transport Switch off lights and electrical appliances Minimize the use of air conditioner. oP oT Scanned with CamScannerDEGRADATION AND DEPLETION OF RESOURCES 7 Tow depletion and degradation of resources occur om es lanet eart ETION AND DEGRADATION OF RESOURCES. St? (BWP-17) Major factors causing degradation and Hf depletion of resources are as follows 4. Over Hunting 2. Over Fishing 3, Deforestation 4, More Land U: 5, Overuse of the Water Resources 6, Over/unw' e Use of Fossils Fuels IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT 18. Define demography. (GRW. 14) DEMOGRAPHY: Demography is the study of human populations and things that affect them. :OW! Hi population growth such as increase in life expectancy due to better living conditions, education, better food and medicine. FACTORS AFFECTING POPULATION There are various factors affectin 49, What do you meant by population pressure? (scp. 14) 20. Define population pressure. Give the effects of population pressure on ecosystems. (LHR. 14; SWL. 15) POPULATION PRESSURES > More people, more agriculture and more industrialization is stressing the environment > Rapid population growth in less developing countries like Pakistan increases poverty and purden its limited resources. EFFECTS OF POPULATION PRESSURE: } As the human population increases, there is an increased demand for food. 5 > When humans need food, they convert natural ecosystem to artificially maintained agricultural ecosystem. ae ee a > The natural mix of plants and animals ae destroyed and replaced with species useful fumans 2h. Give effects of mismanaged agriculture systemiittliaiiias aasNENu(RWEsa4: DGK=15) sats Cy 14; SGD. 15) _ ’ artificially maintained agricultural ecosys! > ‘The natural mix of plants and animalsa > If these agricultural ecosystems are original ecosystem EXAMPLE: * The dust bowl of North America, desertii forests are well known examples. 23. What are the consequences of pop CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATION EX 1. Over-crowding, less living space mor 2. Starvation through lack of sufficient fa k Scanned with CamScanner3, Populations will outstrip food supply. 4. Destruction of the countryside, plants, als and wildlife. and anim (LHR. 10) jon. IN: and food hygiene 2A. Write the reasons for world population explosi REASONS FOR WORLD POPULATION 1. Disease prevention medicine, public ps 2, Improved nutrition by efficient agriculture 3, Improved housing and living standards 4. Child care, maternity, parent- craft any! well sonal fare services Z DEFORESTATION, REFORESTAT restation. >FORESTATION crorestation and aff i SGD. 17; AJK. X7 GRW. 19) 25. Differentiate between d (FSD. 10, LHR. 10, 14, 15, 19; MUL, 067 pwr. 14; DGK 35 ie DEFORESTATION eee ee ial nis establishment of new forests mber, | Afforestatio ere no forests existed previously. | nce of vast areas of forest for “Tu | ps or grazing catle is |i planting subsistence cro st as deforestation. a ae eo — “Afforestation makes the environment pleasant cction of forests leaves the soil barren and this is called des and help to increase biodiversity. 26. What is reforestation? ee AKI) REFORESTATION: The replantatignof trees is called refo! EXPLANATION Reforestation is especially impor rrestat , tant for many © soil to establish In clear-cutting are or seed germination may be protecte: IMPORTANCE OF REPLANTATIO, Now a day we are facing the problem of efig environment more neata as, where all of the trees ina -d for refore solution to make our 27, Why forests are called environmental B (FSD. 07, 16; GRW. 10, 18; MUL, 10,97 28. How forests play their role on climat ENVIRONMENTAL BUFFERS: Forests are called environmental buff the water steadily and slowly to soil bene through them, the tree roots hold the souls for 29. Give the importance of forests IMPORTANCE OF ‘ORES’ 7 Forests are very important component of Scanned with CamScanner2. Fruits of forest trees are the source of food for number of number of animals 3, Forests regulate the flow of water in the stre 7 ‘ams and prevent soil e erosion and make the environment very ple: 4, Forests provide us, (a) Timber (construction wood for h or homes), (b) Fire wood wood (c) Medicine (Herbal medicine) and many other produets (honey, wax, rubt ax, rubber, etc) 30, What is biodiversity? (MUL. 15) BIODIVERSITY: The total number of different species within an ece interactions among them is called its biodiversity stem which result in complexity of TROPICAL RAIN FORESTS: ‘One of the most characteristic features of tropical forests is th s the enormous diversity of z pecie they contain. 31. Define pollution. What are its harmful effects? (MUL. 05; ‘ ) POLLUTION: The befouling of the environment by anything produced by humans which is or : +harmful to human life and other living organisms is called pollution. HARMFUL EFFECTS OF POLLUTION: i 1. Ozone layer depletion 2. Greenhouse effect 3. Acid rain 4. Eutrophication © ag eer 15; AJK. 15; BWP. 17)) Scanned with CamScannerOZONE LAYER DEPLETIO! ‘34. What is ozone layer? Give its importance (ESD. 08, 16; MUL. 09, 19; LHR. 17, 19; BWP. 18, 19) OZONE LAYER: WupsTOF asiubepiie.¢ Gaia earth which contains bluish explosive and highly poisonous gas, 07 YER: mm 10-50 kilometers ab wn as ozone layer ne (Os), is kn harmful rays of the sun IMPORTANCE OF OZONE L Ozone filters most of UV radiation ar as f 35. What is ozone layer depletion? ere OZONE LAYER DEPLETION: a hole in earth’s protective shield is referred 23 czone Lape reduction in thickness depletion CAUSE: Chlorofluorocarbon: the main sources of ozone layer depletion which are s are mes, offices; vehicles, and operating refrigerators. produced from the air c 36. Name two sources of Air pollutant Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). (MUL. 09; LHR. 15) 37. Give the sources and harmful effects of CFCs- (LHR. 15; RWP. 17) 38. How chlorine is responsible for ozone depletion? _ (GRw.17) 39. What is ozone layer depletion? SOURCES OF CFCs: Chlorofluorocarbons ‘Cs) gases are the main SOurees of ozone layer depletion which are somes, offices, vehicles, and operating refrigerators. ners i produced from the air cc ILORINE & OZONE DEPLETION: > As CFCsrise to th > The chlorine rele A single chlorine atom can react with ultraviolet molecules. 40. What are the effects of ozone depletion? EFFECTS OF OZONE YER DEPLETIO! As the ozo1 layer becomes thinner, more ultt which result in > Skin cancer Cataracts of Eye Increase in temperature (Global war crease the diversity of plant and animal life 41. Define greenhouse effect. (GRW. 07, 15, LHR. 05, 08, 1 GREENHOUSE EFFECT: The carbon dioxide of the atmosphere behaves Scanned with CamScannererature Festa Waresr hale Gey, Menem ae Pr eae MCT CRDECLD Te ErereaaS PA tempe se nF is called “greenhouse effect effects, (AJK. 17) now bel Greenhouse effect result in gradually increase in temperature on earth, >» Greenhouse effect res “global warming” » This global warming may lead to rapid melting of ice ca lop chine aire See currents, drastically affecting the ing termed as ps and glaciers, bringing floods and path global weather conditions 42, What is acid rain? Gi ACID RAL ; Sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide emitted in the ai combine with water vapors in the atmosphere to form acids eg.S Nitrous and nitric acids EQUATIO} St Renna Nitrogen Dioxide ——= Nitrie acid + Nitrous acid Sulphur Dioxide -———, Sulphuric acid + Sulphurous acid EFFECTS: Pre es, > Itdamages life in lakes, farms and FORBSES) s > Italso kills decomposers and othe 43. List the effects of acid rain, 44. What is stone cancer? Give its eat EFFECTS OF ACID RAINS, E ACID RAINS: Lonel ts damages life in lakes, farms and f 2. Acid water draining through the 3. Italso Kills decomposers and off 4. Plants poisoned attack, Stone and deprived off monuments like “Taj Ma Human activi ty is the main ca Human, activity adds the g Nerals and chen other mi, Scanned with CamScanneretAminnEn aren re ren aL aaa ea 48. Explain ¢ icatil Splain eutrophication, (LHR. 15; SGD. 10, 12, 19;BWP, 12, DGK. 12, 14; FSD. 18, 21; Sw EUTROPHICATION: cee The natural process of excessive enrichment of water with nutrients by which large ay g organic material grows j : Cae in ‘ganic material grows in the water is called eutrophication. afb Human activities have speeded up this natural process of eutrophication by adding mi ae Sune nutrients in larger quantities than nature would provide, as excreta, phosphate: washing powder and nitra EFFECTS: ates and phosphates from fertilizers. Vast quantities of algae feed and reproduce on these nutrients causing the water to turn with algal bloom, > The dead algae are decomposed by aerob causing death of aquatic animals through OX 49. What do you meant by effluents? 50. What are industrial effluents? EEFLUENT: The chemical wastes from industry SOURCES: other harmful liquids (called effluents) into EFE : They either kill the microorgani microorganism 51. What are the effects of herbicides and Monocultures (population of 6 species are very susceptible to attack 52. Briefly explain how pesticides effect # PESTICIDES & HUMAN FOOD: Many items of our food contain small amo Some of these are suspected for causing ca very low dose that we ingest, is not certa } Some scientists think, the level are Peeling apples and potatoes re do to reduce. Scanned with CamScannerHEALTH AND DISEASE = = and dives SS. ~ = (HR IZ MOLT EAL” The steady internal state of homeostasis is known as normal health DISEASE ‘The departure from normal health through structural or functional 4 isorders of the bres enay considered as disease 4. Name some pathogenic and c PATHOGENIC DISEASES: Diphtheria, malaria, small pg Haemophilia, Colour blind Scanned with CamScanner