MAN AND HIS ENVIRONMENT 1. Which one destroys ozone molecule (A) Sulphur (B) Lead (C) Carbon monoxide (D) Chlorine 2, The percentage of land under cultivation is: (DGK 2019) (A) 30% (B) 21% (C) 11% (D) 5% 3. Modern man is called Homo sapiens & has been on earth for about. years: (A) 10000 (B) 20000 (©) 30000 (D) 40000 4. Ozone molecule is made up: (LHR 2017) (A)C (B)O (ON (D)H 5. Each nuclear power station can least only for: (A) 20 years (B) 30 years (C)40 years (D) 50 years 6. The decline in thickness of ozone is caused by: (GRW 2019), (FSD 2019) (A) Hydrocarbons (B) CFEs (©) Nitro carbons (D) CFCs 7. Only 30% of earth is: (A) Land (B) Marine water (© Fresh water (D) Mountains 8. Agrochemicals used in agriculture are commonly called pesticides include: (A) Insecticide (B) Fungicide (© Herbicide (D) All A, B, C 9. The largest consumer of electrical energy are: (A) Homes (B) Offices (© Agriculture (D) Industries 10. Which of the following is congenital disease? (A) Malaria (B) Haemophilia (C) Scurvy (D) AIDS 11. Non-renewable resources include various metals, non-metallic minerals and: (A) Oil (B) Petrol (©) Air (D) Fossil fuels 12, Stone cancer is the result of: 5 ; ui (A) Soil pollution (B) Water pollution (C) Air pollution _(D) Stone pollution 13, The steady internal state of homeostasis Is known as: on (A) Normal health (B) Disease (©)Depression —(D) Tumor 14, Air in motion Is called: (A) Atmosphere (B) Wind © on a by: (D) Weather 15, About 95% of our dally energy requirements are fulfilled by: (LR 2017), (SWL 2018) (Neen rea (C) Geothermal Energy 16, Which of the following la renewable source! . (A) Oil & Air (B) Water & Oil (C) Oil & Natural Gas (D) Air & Water Scanned with CamScannerAdvanced Biology Objective (Part-II) 220 h 17. The most widely used source of energy on cartl (B) Sun c (D) Geothermal (A) Wind | 18, Study of Human Population and the things that affect them are called: (A) Human Biology (B) Socio-biology (C) Demography —_(D) Teratology 19, At the time of independence, the population of Pakistan was about: (A) 32.5 billion (B) 32.5 million (C) 150 million (D) 160 million 20, Which of the following act as environmental buffer? (A) Deserts (B) Forests (C) Oceans (D) Lakes 21, Establishment of new forests where no forests existed beforeis called: (SGD 2919 (A) Deforestation (B) Desertification (C) Reforestation (D) Afforestation, d 22. As CFCs rise to the atmosphere the ultraviolet rays release: (A) Fluorine (B) Chlorine (C) Carbon (D) Oxygen 23, The Befouling of the air by anything that may be harmful to living organisms is: (B) Soil pollution (C) Air pollution (D) Noise pollution (A) Water pollution 24. In pure form ozone is: (A) Greenish (B) Reddish (© Yellowish (D) Bluish 25, Water present in the form of frozen icecaps is: (a) 01% (B) 02% (©) 03% @) 04% 26.4 chemic al that kills plants is called: es (A) Pesticide ed (B) Insecticide (©) Fungicide (D) Herbicide (A) Infection - (B) Physical disorder (C) Nutritional Deficiency (D) Chemical cause 28. The Yoage of CO; in air is: y 7 (GRW 2017) (A) 79 % (B) 0.03% (€)20% (D) Traces 29, The lead (Pb) poisoning damages the human:- (MTN 2017) (A) Nervous system (B) Brain : (©) Skin (D) Breathi +0 ing system 5 acts as environmental buffer. (MTN 2017) ) Desert (B) Ocean (©) Forest D) Lakes 31. Utilization of water in irrigation is ara (A) 70% (8) 80% (©) 85% eee 32, Anything in alr that may be harmful to living organist D0 (A) Air pollution (B) Water polstion (Cy and put (GK 2017) 33. The cheapest and non-pollutant ps of fC) Land pollution | (D) Noite att (A) Hydroelectric Power energy is thes (BWP2017), (DGK a (©) Tidal Power ps M4 Which of the folowing i a renewable resource? en ne 35.4hp te (B) Land (© Petrol eon . The decline thickness of ozone I an Doi (A) Hydrophytes PO Nzer # enused by increasing level oft | (RWF 2017) 36-The cut of Kwashorkor disease is (©) Chloroftuoroearbon (D) Chlorine athogen " (MIN 20 nO Nuttin dfcieny (aan . The chemical waste of industi : sing (A) Pollution (B) Eituent . (ask 2019) (©) Toxin (D) Pollutant Scanned with CamScannerhas the highest rate of human population? (B) Africa (D) North America & 3 3 3 & E a 3 8 = & $ a = 8 2 8 g 3 = & : 8 3 : = 2 a 3 & = E 3 3 5 8 (A) It must immediately cure (C) It can continue to increase 3, What is our principal source of. energy? (B) It can remain stable indefinitely (D) It must eventually decline (A) Nuclear energy BG (C) Solar energy fo re 4, Batteries store which type of energy: (A) Electrical ; (©) Chemical i ae SUTIN area NCCC) } Soil is continuously depleting its mineral nutrients due to vigorous: (A) Crop production (B) Deforestation (©) Tree production (D) Population explosion 2, A single chlorine atom can react with ultraviolet ray and destroy ozone molecules a rey kage (SWL 2019) (A) One billion (B) Three billion — (C)Twobillion _—_(D) Four billion 3. The largest consumers of electrical energy are: (A) Homes (B) Offices (© Agriculture (D) Industries 4. Which is not a micronutrient? (A) Zine (B) Iron (©) Sulphur (D) Iodine 5, Ozone molecule is made up by binding of three atoms of: (A) Carbon (B) Hydrogen (C) Nitrogen (D) Oxygen 6. The upper weathered layer of earth crust is: (LHR 2019) (A) Rock (B) Sand (© Soil (D) Soil erosion 7, Lung cancer is caused due to: (A) CFCs (B) Sulphur dioxide (©) Oxides of nitrogen (D) Carbon monoxide 8 Only 30% of earth is: (A) Land (B) Fresh water (C) Marine water — (D) Mountains 9, In oceans, temperature at the depth of few hundred meters is only: (A) SoC (B) 150C (©) 250C (D) 350C 10. A chemical, which kill the weeds in crop is known as: (MTN 2018) (A) Insecticide (B) Pesticide (© Germicide (D) Herbicide 1 Itis thin layer of earth in which all living organism exists: . (A) Biome (B) Ozone (C) Biosphere (D) Habitat '2. Batteries store which type of energy: : (A) Electrical (B) Mechanical (C) Chemical (D) Nuclear 3. Which of the country has the highest rate of human population? ; (A) Australia (B) Africa (C) Asia (D) North America Scanned with CamScanner2 EEE Advanced Biology Objective (Part-I) 22 % 14, What is our principal source of enerBy (@) Geothermal energy ia Siena (D) Tidal eneray 5 Jolet rays release: ‘Cs rise to the atmosphere, the ultrav * (a Flodlne J (B) Chlorine © pines mh (D) Hydrogen 16. The percentage of freshwater in lakes, streams and? vers Is: oyahe (A) 1% (B) 2% nen What is ity in developin} countries due to teta ? 17. asst mortality rate nay a0% ig © 45% (0) 50% 18. The air pollutant oxides of nitrogen result from: (B) Cigarette smoke (D) Burning of fossil fuel population of Pakistan was about: (© 160 million (D) 32.5 million (A) Combustion of leaded petrol (C) Air conditioning system 19. At the time of independence in 1947, the (A) 32.5 bill (B) 160 million zone is present up to the height of: (A) 10-50 kilometer. (B) 100 kilometer iw Qi ‘What are renewable resources? 20. (©C)90kilometer — (D) 110 Kilometer (LHR 2014), (MTN 2016) OR ive an example. (SWL 2013), (RWP 2014) ‘What are renewable resources? Renewable Resources: Renewable sources are those resources which we can use again and again. «There is a natural cycle to make them re-usable, which is why they are called renewable resources. * Following are important renewable resources. Example: + Air, water, soil, forests, wild life etc. Q.2_ What are non-renewable resources? (SWL 2011), (GRW, 2015) Ans: Non-Renewable Sources: “The resources that are exhaustible and once consumed cannot be replaced are called non-renewable resources.” Example: * These include various metals, non-metallic, minerals and fossil fuels (coil, oil and natural gas), Q3 Differentiate between renewable resources and non-renewable resources? 7 (SWL2011), (GRW2015, 2018), (SGD 2018) ns: Renewable resources Non-renewable resources Renewable sources are those which we can use again and again. There is a natural eycle to make them re-usable, which is why they are called renewable resources. Following are _ important The resources, which are exhaustible and ‘once consumed, cannot be replaced are non-renewable resources. Scanned with CamScanner{chopter-27] Man and His Envtronmont 223 ET EF Q4 Ans: renewable resourc Example: Example: Air, water soil, forests, wild life etc, These include various metals, non- metallic, minerals and fossil fuels (coil, | oil and natural gas). What is air? Give its composition. (GRW 2012) OR What is composition of air of terrestrial ecosystem? (LHR 2012) jr ‘Air is several kilometres thick blanket of atmosphere surrounding the earth.” It is very important natural resource. ‘Composition: Air consists of nitrogen 79%, Oxygen 20%, Carbon dioxide 0.03%, and traces of inert gases called Noble gases. Oxygen is consumed in respiration and CO» along with nitrogen are raw materials in a natural cycle for making food and other substances required by living system. ‘The air also contains some water vapours that vary from place to place. Define soil, what are its basic constituents? (LHR 2011, 2016, 2018), (SGD 2019) OR Define soil. (DGK 2013), (FSD, 2014) Soil: “The upper layer of earth’s crust is called soil.” ‘The basic constituents of soil are soil particles, soil water and soil organic and inorganic matter and soil organisms. Importance: It is also a very important renewable resource which performs the following functions. It gives support to many land plants where these plants spread their roots according to their needs. Soil is a big source of organic and inorganic nutrients for plants. Describe the abuses of land. (GRW 2012) Abuses of Land: Abuses of land are discussed below: Soil is continuously depleting its mineral nutrients due to crop cultivation. Land is also affected by soil erosion, over grazing, poor agricultural practice e.g. leeching etc. Use of insecticides, pesticides and fertilizers are polluting the soil fertility. Rapid urbanization is also disturbing the natural land condition, What is fossil fuel? (RWP 2009) Fossil Fuel; Fossil fuels are the remains of plants and animals of past which became buried due to environmental hazards and were fossilized in deeper layers of earth and sea. Scanned with CamScanner224 Atanecs tog onecve(rne FY Exampl Coal, oil and gas Future Prospect Coal, oil and gas are fos: As fossil fuels are very limited so t This will affect our standard and life style. e obtained from solid waste. (DGK 2914) 41 fuels which are completing our 95% of daily energy demang hey will exhaust soon. Q.8 What is solid waste? How energy can be OR solid waste and how these can be used as source of energy? (FSD 2012) OR What are Give importance of solid wastes. (LHR 2012) Ans: Importance of Solid Wastes: = . . © Conversion of waste materials like trash, paper, organic manure, plastic material, cans, agriculture and industrial waste etc. by hydrogenation, pyrolysis (destructive distillation) or bioconversion can provide oil and gas. _ + Hydrogenation and pyrolysis processes are similar to those used conversion of coal into synthetic oil and gas. = There are several environmental production; Sulphur emission. Release of polluted water. Disposal of organic sludge produced in bioconversion. (BWP 2010), (LHR 2018), (SWL 2019) | problems produced in the use of solid wastes for fuel Define wild life. “All the plants which are not cultivated and animals which are not domesticated are categorized as wild life.” Importance: i. Some of these animals and plants are source of our food. ii. Wild life is very important for food chain. Without them food chain can be disturbed to such an extent that it will be very difficult to maintain the balance. Q.10 Give main causes of water pollution. (RWP 2012) Ans: Main Causes of Water Pollution: * Industrial chemical wastes are extremely toxic, They inhibit the natural purification of water carried out by microorganisms, Chemical wastes degrade river water and make it harmful for aquatic life. I polation of fresh water resources continues, there will be soon run out of fresh water supply. To avoid or improve this, some measures should be taken. Q.11_ Whats hydroelectric power? , Ans: Hydroelectric Power: (DGK 2014) i a a pacwabe cneray source, which gets its energy indirectly from sun. Rain that fall on high eas such as mountains possesses large amount of gravitational potential y. As rain water falls it gains speed and its kinetic energy increases. Scanned with CamScanner[chapter -27] Man and His Environment 225 as tS + The kinetic energy of falling water is harnessed to turn turbines fixed at the base of dams. The turning turbines will then drive generator to produce electricity ‘which is known as hydroelectric power or electricity. ys a Q.12 What is demography? (BWP, RWP 2014), (DGK 2017) ‘Ans: Demography: “Demography is the study of human populations and things that affect them”, » Better sanitation and improved medical techniques have caused death rate to fall steadily. + This has increased the population growth rate. Q.13 Give the reason of population explosion. (LHR 2014), (SWL 2019) OR Write the reasons for world population explosion, (GRW 2010), (DGK 2019) Ans: Reason of Population Explosion: = There are various factors affecting population growth, such as, increase in life expectancy due to better living conditions, education, better food and medicine. * About 20 years ago, the human population was increasing at the rate of 2% a year and was doubling every 35 years thus increasing demands for food, space and other resources. Qu4 Write four ways for energy conservation. (GRW 2014), (BWP, SGD, LHR 2016), (LHR, RWP 2017), (FSD, MTN 2018), (FSD 2019) Ans: Wavs for Energy Conservation: = Here are some ways in which we can save energy. i. Develop and use energy efficient machines, engines and manufacturing processes. ii, Reduce wastage by recycling. iii, Drive less, walk and use public transport more. iv. Switch off lights and electrical appliances when they are not in use. v. Minimize the use of air conditioners. Q15 Differentiate between reforestation and a forestation. (@GK 2011), (LHR 2017), (FSD 2019) Ans: Reforestation Afforestation Re plantation of tree from where they are | Afforestation is establishment of new cleared is called reforestation. forests where no forests existed Reforestation is especially important for | previously. many of conifers species. Reforestation takes place where some Afforestation takes place where no traces traces of life already existed. of life already existed. Q6 Differentiate between deforestation and afforestation. (BWP 2010), (MTN 2014), (SGD 2017), (LHR 2019) Ans: Deforestation Afforestation Clearance of vast areas of forest for lumber, _ | Afforestation is establishment of Planting crops or grazing cattle is called new forests where no forests existed deforestation. previously. Deforestation leads to desertification. Afforestation leads to forest development. Scanned with CamScanner I‘Advanced Biology Objective (Part-II) 226 EAREa ee ——____sGRW In eee Q.A7 Ans: Q.18 What is deforestation? Deforestation: “Clearance of vast areas of forest for lumber, planting crops or grazing cattle is called deforestation.” Deforestation leads to desertification, = . . In developing countries like Pakistan, there is a population explosion. This rapid increases in population growth increase requirements for food and shelter, To overcome the basic need of more food, we are cutting trees to make way for agriculture and wood for houses. | ; If the forests are cut down at that rate, leaf canopy, which protects the soil ftom the beating effects, of rain, will no longer exist. Why forests are called environmental buffers? (FSD 2014), (MTN, DGK 2017), (SGD, DGK 2018), (AJK 2019), (BWP 2019) OR Give trees are called environmental buffers? Justify it. (DGK 2012), (FSD 2016) Environmental Buffers: Trees are called environmental buffers because of the following reasons; They intercept heavy rainfall and release the water steadily and slowly to soil beneath and to streams and river that start in or flow through them. The tree roots hold the soil in place. Removal of forests allows soil erosion, silting up of lakes, rivers and dams, causing heavy flood and loss of thousand of species. (GRW 2015), FSD 2019 Define pollution. (LHR 2009), (MTN 2018) OR Define pollution? Write its four types. (SGD 2016) Pollution: “The befouling of the environment by anything produced by humans that is or may be harmful to human life and other living organisms is called pollution.” Types of Pollution: Some main types of pollution are: Air pollution or atmospheric pollution Water pollution Soil pollution or land pollution Radiation pollution Noise pollution ‘Name varies types of pollutants, (GRW 2011) OR Ni me fre ate pollutants, (BWP 2014) “The smoke of cars and sulphur dioxide, carbo substances, These are ‘Types of Pollutants: Chloroftuorocarbons (CFCs) Lead compounds Sulphur dioxide discharge from industries contain harmful substances such * n monoxide and oxides of nitro ich are very bi called air pollutants.” Cencvesese Scanned with CamScannerAns: Industrial Effluents: vec-ariMan end Hie Environment 2a ESCO 6 Carbon monoxide Oxides of nitrogen What is water pollution? c Water Pollution: (GK 2012) “Contamination of streams, lakes, underground water, bays or oceans by substances harmful to living things is called water pollution.” Sources of Water Pollution: «There are many factors which are becoming the source of water pollution, = The polluted canals, streams, lakes and rivers are greatly affected by human activities, = Some of the main causes of water pollution are as follows; Sewage Oil and detergent Eutrophication Industrial effluents ‘Agrochemical products ‘What are main sources of water pollution? (BWP 2014) Sources of Water Pollution: ‘Some of the main causes of water pollution are as follows; Sewage: = Sewage water contains harmful be emptied into rivers. + Certain bacteria cause diseases like typhoid and cholera when they get into human intestine. ii, Oil and Detergent: = Various ships carrying oil to far off pla These oils kill the life present in water. = Various detergents from houses and laundries flow into the lakes and streams and cause high levels of pollution. These detergents contain phosphate which leads to eutrophication. Q.23. What is eutrophication or algal bloom? (MTN 2009), (BWP 2010), (GRW 2014), (FSD 2018), (DGK 2019) OR bacteria and poisonous chemicals therefore it should not ces are becoming sources of water pollution. Define eutrophication. Give its impact. (SGD 2019), (LHR 2017) Ans: Eutrophication: “It is a process in which body of fresh water becomes enriched with nutrients which increases in productivity and accumulates organic debris.” = Due to large amount of minerals, algal production rate is increased and turns the water green called algal bloom. * It is a gradual process in w! decays. But this natural process is highly speeded up by human activities. Q.24 What are effluents? hich large amount of plant life develops and eventually (BWP 2010, 2016) comprises substances called effluents.” “The chemical waste from industry ers by dumping oil, toxic chemical * Factories sometimes turn waterways into open sew and other harmful liquids (effluents) into them. + ‘They either kill the microorganisms that pollute the water or inhibit their growth. Scanned with CamScannerAdvanced Biology Objective (Part-II) 228 LSAAT Hoe Parskacnssicteitets Mitac teh ET Q25 Q.26 Ans: Q27 Give the characteristics of ozone layer. (RWP 2014), (BWP 2019) OR Write about ozone layer. (LHR 2009) OR What is ozone layer and its advantages? (FSD 2016) OR What is the importance of ozone layer? (MTN 2010), (LHR 2017), (MTN 2019), (LHR 2019) Qzone Laye! Ozone (Os) is a form of oxygen gas. Characteristics of Ozone: It is a layer of atmosphere extending from 10-50 kilometers above earth, which filters most of ultraviolet radiations and protects us from it. In pure form, ozone is bluish, explosive and highly poisonous gas. Effect of Pollution on Ozone: The layer of ozone is becoming thinner and the holes are appearing on it due to pollution. More ultra violet rays are reaching on earth. What is ozone layer? Give the cause of ozone layer depletion. (GRW 2016) OR How chlorine is responsible for ozone depletion? (LAR 2017) Qzone Layer: It is a layer of atmosphere extending from 10-50 kilometers above earth, which filters most of ultraviolet radiations and protects us from it. Causes of Ozone Layer Depletion: The main cause of ozone depletion is increase of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). These are chemicals that are largely used in cooling systems (refrigerators, air conditioners, fire extinguishers etc). The CFCs is percolating up through atmosphere and reducing O3 to O2. CFC’s 0; 0, + [0] What are the effects of ozone depletion? (FSD 2014) OR Give the effeets of ozone depletion on life. (SWL 2012) Effects of Ozone Depletion: The layer of ozone is becomin; pollution. More ultra violet rays are reaching on earth, Harmful Effects: yee continues then more ultraviolet rays will affeot all life on earth , increase in skin cancers and i It can also affect crops, plants, and cataracts in human. pattern, PS Plants, trees and even marine plankton and will destroy weathet ig thinner and the holes are appearing on it due to Scanned with CamScanner[Chapter -27] Man and His Environment 229 GV ee 3S Q.28 Ans: Q.29 Ans: Q30 Ans: Q31 Ans: i, il, Iv. Y ve Q32 Ans: Q33 Ans: ‘What are the causes of greenhouse effect? (BWP 2009) Causes of Greenhouse Effect: The causes of greenhouse effect are; Over urbanization Deforestation Industrialization ‘All these factors are increasing the temperature on earth. This increase in temperature is called global warming. It is estimated that if global warming continues then the ice caps and glaciers will melt and will bring floods. Define greenhouse effect. (FSD 2012), (RWP, SGD 2017), (LHR 2018), (AJK 2019) Greenhouse Effect: “Carbon dioxide absorbs the energy of sun but does not allow it to escape outside as result of which the temperature of atmosphere increases. This increase in and effects of temperature is known as green house effect.” What is Acid rain? (SWL 2013), (DGK 2018) Acid Rain: ‘Acid rain is a form of air pollution in which air bome acids produced by electric utility, plants and other sources fall to Earth in distant regions. The burning of fossil fuels and discharges from industries are emitting sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide in the air. These gases on entering the atmosphere combine with water vapors and form acids. Water vapours Nitrogen dioxide Nitric acid + Nitrous acid Sulphur dioxide Wate ¥4POUNS , suiphurous acid + Sulphuric acid List the effects of acid rain. (FSD 2012) OR Enlist the damages caused by acid rain. (SWL 2014) Effects of Acid Rain: Acid rain can cause many serious problems in our daily life; Many fish species and other aquatic animals are dying and are unable to reproduce under these conditions, It causes destruction of farms. It kills very important decomposers and microorganisms. It can destroy huge buildings such as Taj Mahal is being eroded due to stone cancer caused by acid rain. Acid rains can washout essential nutrients such as calcium and potassium, Plants get poisoned and deprived of nutrients, become weak and vulnerable to infection and insect attack, What are insecticides and herbicides? (GRW 2011) Insecticides: These are the chemicals used to kill those insects which cause the harm to crops. Herbicides: These are the chemicals used to kill those herbs which cause harm to crops. Differentiate between health and disease. (LHR, GRW 2012) Scanned with CamScanneranand vanpyonectve coy — 0 __ SLATER a Heath Disease ‘The departure from steady internal staty of stasis through structural or funeti et of body is 8 di Phe Steady internal state oF homer is called as health, Badly omgans flanctions properly in healthy conditions a QS4_ Write Names of diseases caused due to nu (GRW 2019), (LHR 2016) ‘Ans: Diseases Due to Nutritional Deficiency: aused by nutritional deficiency are listed below; ‘ame any four pathogenic and congenital diseases. (GRW 2016, 2018) Ans: Pathogenic Disease: i. Small pox ii, AIDS iii, Cholera iv. Malaria Congenital disease: i. Haemophilia ii, Down syndrome iii, Tumer syndrome iv. Cleft palate Q.36 What do you mean by nuclear energy? (MTN 2017), (FSD 2017), (MTN 2019) Ans: Nuclear Energy: ‘Nuclear energy is obtained from nuclear fuels by nuclear fission. In nuclear power station, large amount of heat is generated by nuclear fission, which takes place in a nuclear reactor, The heat energy is then used to convert water into steam, which drives steam turbines for generating electricity. ‘Nuclear power station does not produce wast i ir unlike those ting for fuels, Prod te gases, which pollute the air unlike th How depletion and degradation of resources occur on planet earth? (BWP 2017) Depletion and Degradation of Resources: Q37 Ans: Man's activities in over hunting and over fishi i i comnieteteeaan 8 fishing have resulted in some cases in the Deforestation and cutting down of natural woodlands ils ; ¢ for land clearance and building . aerial oa arin destroys natural habitat of organisms, Laban ng Pop aon requires more land for farms, homes, industry, recreation and Over use of water resources affect the natural recycling process. Coal, oil, peat and natural gas are non- ia e ‘non-renewable resources. They provide energy, Whi lows to outer space and carbon dioxide to gather with water vapours in the air. Scanned with CamScanner[chapter -27] Man and His Environment 231 en 38. Explain ocean thermal gradient as a renewable res ee Ocean Thermal Gradient: jouree of energy. (BWP 2017) « Jnoceans, especially in tropical regions, temperature of surface water is about 25°C and that at the depth of few hundred meters only 5°C. «This develops an ocean thermal gradient and heat if conducted from region of higher to lower temperature, = Man has developed the technology to use this thermal gradient to drive a turbine for electricity generation, but this may also disturb the marine ecosystem. Q39. Explain briefly how pesticides affect the human food. (FSD , SWL 2017) Ans: Pesticides: “Pesticide is a chemical which destroys agricultural pests or competitors.” «Pesticides are harmful substances as they remain in our food in small quantity. = Peeling apples and potatoes removes most of surface pesticides but alter pesticides are not sure to be removed. «The use and quantity of pesticides must be approved by ministry of agriculture. Q.40. Differentiate between pollution and pollutant. (GRW 2019), (RWP 2017) Ans: Pollution Pollutant The befouling of the environment by | Any substance that causes pollution is anything produced by humans that is or | pollutant. may be harmful to human life and other living organisms is called pollution. Types of Pollution: Types of Air Pollutants: i. Air pollution or atmospheric Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) pollution Lead compounds ii, Water pollution Sulphur dioxide iii, Soil pollution or land pollution Carbon monoxide iv. Radiation pollution Oxides of nitrogen Q41. Differentiate between pesticides and erbieldes (@GK 2017) Ans: Pesticides Herbicides Pesticide is a chemical which destroys | Herbicide is a chemical which destroys agricultural pests or competitors. herbs or weed plants. These chemicals can work by ingestion | Some herbicides kill all the plants they or by touch and death may occur | touch, while others are designed to target immediately or over a long period of | one species. time. Q42, Enlist four consequences of population increase in Pakistan. (GK , SWL 2017) Ans: Consequences of Population Increase in Pakistan: 1. Overcrowding, less living space, more crime, violence and social diseases. ii, Starvation through lack of efficient agriculture. iil. Population outstrip food of supply. iv. Destruction of the countryside, plants, animals and wildlife. Scanned with CamScanner