NON

PARAMETRIC
STATISTICS
Test of Difference
M T H E D 51 – A D V A N C E D S T A T I S T I C A L
A N A LY S I S

B S E D M AT H 3 A

EDUARD A , PAGTULON - AN
S UBJ ECT I NSTRUCTO R
Outline of Today’s Lesson
➢What are Nonparametric Tests?
➢Types of Nonparametric Tests
➢Examples
 Nonparametric Statistics
❖While most common statistical analyses (e.g., t-tests,
ANOVA) are parametric, they need to fulfil several criteria
before we use them.
❖These criteria include satisfying the assumptions of
outliers, linearity, normality, homoscedasticity, to name a
few.
 Nonparametric Statistics

❖Do note that non-parametric

tests make less assumptions, not
no assumptions!
Nonparametric Statistics

❖The trade-off is that non-

parametric tests are generally
lower in power
 Types of Nonparametric Statistics
and its equivalent
Comparative Parametric Tests Nonparametric Tests
2 variables in 1 group Paired T-test Wilcoxon Signed-Rank
Test
2 groups or variables Independent T-test Mann–Whitney U Test

3 or more groups Analysis of Variance Kruskall Wallis Test

(ANOVA)
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
is a non-parametric alternative to paired t-
test used to compare paired data. It’s used
when your data are NOT NORMALLY
DISTRIBUTED.
Input the data
Check “Wilcoxon Rank”
Check the result p-value
DECISION RULE
p-value Decision Interpretation
>0.05 Accept the Null Hypothesis (H0) There is NO significant difference
<0.05 Reject the Null Hypothesis (H0) There is a significant difference

A p-value of 0.23 means there is no significant difference between the two

groups.

A p-value of 0.02 means there is a significant difference between the two groups
 NULL AND ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis of a test always predicts NO difference

or NO relationship between variables.

Alternative Hypothesis states your research prediction

of an effect or relationship.

13
Mann-Whitney U Test
 Mann-Whitney U Test
❖sometimes called the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test.
❖Alternative for Independent T-test.

❖is used to test whether two samples are likely

to derive from the same population.
Mann-Whitney U Test Hypothesis
In contrast, the null and two-sided research hypotheses for the
nonparametric test are stated as follows:

H0: The two groups follow the same distribution.

H1 : The two groups does not follow the same
distribution
Mann-Whitney U Test JAMOVI Steps
1. Click “Analyses”
2. T-test Independent Samples T-test
3. Input the variables involve
4. Click “Mann-Whitney U”
5. Check the p-value and parameters.
6. Make decision.
Check the p-value and make
decisions
Kruskal-Wallis Test
 Kruskal-Wallis Test
❖also known as the Kruskal-Wallis H test or one-way
ANOVA on ranks, is a non-parametric method for testing
whether samples originate from the same distribution.

❖it is used to compare three or more independent

samples of equal or different sample sizes.
Kruskal-Wallis Test Hypothesis
In contrast, the null and two-sided research hypotheses for the
nonparametric test are stated as follows:

H0: The medians of all groups are equal

H1 : At least one sample has a different median than
the others.
Kruskal Wallis Test JAMOVI Steps
1. Click “Analyses”
2. ANOVA Nonparametric Test: One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis
3. Input the variables involve
4. Click “effect size”
5. Check the p-value and parameters.
6. Make decision.
Kruskal Wallis Test JAMOVI Steps
Kruskal Wallis Test JAMOVI Steps

In this example, since the p-value is 0.197 which is

greater than 0.05, there is no significant difference
about the medians of all the groups. Thus, accepting
the null hypothesis.