FM-II Lab

Turbine:
Hydraulic Energy → Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy
Classification:
According to energy used:
 Impulse Turbine (Velocity head is used, pressure head is constant)
 Reaction turbine (Pressure head is used, Velocity Head is constant)

According to direction of flow:

 Axial Flow (Kaplan)
 Inward Flow(Impeller enter, eye out)
 Radial Flow
 Tangential Flow
 Outward Flow ( eye enter, Impeller out)

According to Head Available:

 High Head Turbine (250-1800 m) Pelton Turbine
 Medium head Turbine (50-750 m) Francis turbine
 Low Head Turbine ( <50 m) Kaplan Turbine

According to fluid type:

 Water Turbine
 Gas Turbine ( Brayten cycle)
 Gas Stationary (Closed Cycle)
 Gas Moving (Open Cycle)
 Steam Turbine (Rankine Cycle)
 Gas & Steam Turbine (Combined Cycle Power Plant)

Rankine cycle:
 Expansion
 Condensation
 Feed Water Pump
 Economizer
 Boiler
 Super Heater
 Working Fuel; H2O
 Burning Fuel: Coal etc

Brayten cycle:
 Isentropic Compression
 Combustion Chamber Heating
 Expansion
 Heat Rejection
 Moving turbine: Air fuel mixing
 Closed cycle stationary turbine: No mixing (Qm constant)
 Reaction T/B used

Combined Cycle:
Exhaust of Brayten cycle is fed to Rankine cycle economizer.
 Experiment#1
To determine the operating characteristics of a Pelton Turbine at
 Various Speed
1. Input head Vary
2. Load vary

Equipment:
 Hydraulic Bench (Which Allow us to measure flow by timed volume collection)
 Pelton turbine apparatus
 Tachometer (To measure speed)

Observation & Calculation:

Radius of Brake Drum = 0.03 mm
Radius of Rotor Spring Volume Time to Input Flow rate
Brake Speed Balance of Water collect (t) head (Hi) (Qv)
Drum (rpm) W1 W2 (V) (m3) (sec) (m) (m3/sec)
(N) (N)

Torque (T) Brake Power Pb Water Power Pw Overall T/B

F*r 2pNT/60 rgHQv Efficiency
(η = (Pb/Pw)*100)

Graph:
 Torque-Speed
 Head-Speed
 Pb-Speed
 Efficiency-Speed

OEL Plan:
Designing Steam or Gas Power Plant