11

Introduction to
the Philosophy of
the Human Person
1st Quarter: Module 2
The Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy

Marlon Q. Tiña
Rogelio DG. Burce
Module Writers

Philo. Q1. Wk.2 Marlon Q. Tiña

I.OBJECTIVE:

A. Content Standard:

The learner understands the meaning and process of doing philosophy.

B. Performance Standard:

The learner reflects on a concrete experience in a philosophical way.

C. Learning Competency:
Realize the value of doing philosophy in obtaining a broad perspective in life.
D. Learning Objectives:
At the end of this module the students will be able to:

1. Describe the factors that compel us to philosophize.

2. Enumerate the characteristics of philosophy on how to view the field.

EXPECTATIONS

This module will equip you with the necessary content knowledge, skills, and
competencies about the meaning and process of doing Philosophy that you can apply
in understanding and analyzing, proposing solutions, decision-making, alternatives,
and is actively engaged in doing philosophy in all aspect of your life.
You read and carefully understand each part of the module so that you can be
able to answers various activities that will help you develop your potentials in
understanding the lesson.
In this module, you will be able to encounter terminologies such as framework,
aesthetics, logic, metaphysics, etc. You are expected to identify the factors that drive
you to philosophize. You will be also expected to understand how to view the field of
Philosophy for you to understand the field of philosophy.
There are various activities prepared by the writer/s that will help you
understand the meaning and process of doing Philosophy. It is hoped that you will
learn to value the knowledge and wisdom of this module.

PRE-TEST

Direction: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Select the circle
on the right which corresponds to your answer. Write your answer in your answer
sheet.

1. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with correct reasoning. a b c d

a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
2. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral questions a b c d
and dilemmas.
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
3. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions a b c d
regarding reality and existence.
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
4. Among all the factors, which one is what Socrates wanted us to a b c d
Strive and obtain?

Philo. Q1. Wk.2 Marlon Q. Tiña

 a. sense of doubt c. love for wisdom
b. sense experience d. wonder
5. Rene Descartes considers this as a reason why people philosophize. a b c d
a. doubt b. experience c. wisdom d. wonder
6. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with the beauty and what a b c d
make things beautiful.
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
7. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought a b c d
about by man’s sense of ________.
a. doubt b. experience c. wisdom d. wonder
8. Why do we need to examine how to view the characteristics a b c d
of philosophy?
a. It helps us to understand fully and clearly the field of philosophy.
b. It helps us to not be confused about the field of philosophy.
c. It helps us to apply philosophy in daily life to the fullest.
d. All of the above.
9. He believes that persons engage in philosophy in order to make a b c d
sense of difficult life experiences.
a. Karl Jaspers b. Rene Descartes c. Plato d. Socrates
10. It is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is a b c d
composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
a. epistemology b. framework c. philosophy d. wisdom

LOOKING BACK

Directions: Supply the analogical word that best describes to the term that is being
referred.

1. Philosopher: ________________; Political Science: Politicians

2. Theory of forms: _________________; Socratic method: Socrates
3. Epicureanism: Epicurus; Deductive Reasoning: __________________
4. Archimedes crew: Archimedes: _________________: Pythagoras
5. Philos: ______________; Sophia: Wisdom

INTRODUCTION OF THE LESSON

There are instances in life that we need to explore, examine, and inquire about
the things we do not know. Whether we like it or not, we tend to ask about the things
that confuse us. So we take action to know those things because there are also
reasons that drive us to unlock those mysteries. When a man was able to find the
answer to his question, another question emerges again and again. It is natural and
innate for man to wonder and ask.

In this part, you will be able to enumerate the factors that compel you to
philosophize. Through this, you will be able to discover several things that needed to
know. There are also things that we assume correct and acceptable, but it is not.
Consequently, man tends to become careful and vigilant from the information he
receives and believes. Socrates said that we need to keep asking and exploring for us
to achieve and obtain wisdom.

Besides, you will be able to identify the characteristics of philosophy on how

you view and understand the field of philosophy. You may use that knowledge to
correct your established belief as well as others. Philosophy is a discipline with its own
goals, concerns, and ways of doing things.

Philo. Q1. Wk.2 Marlon Q. Tiña

 What Is It?
The Scope of the Meaning and Process of Doing Philosophy
A. Factors to Philosophize
Whether you like it or not, you are fated to be a philosopher. You tend to
philosophize because you have the potentials to wonder and doubt, and capacity to
reflect on your experiences and the never-ending need to learn and discover. The
following are the factors that compel you to philosophize.
1. Sense of wonder – was first explained by the Greek Philosopher Plato. Man’s
overabounding curiosity drives you to question, examine, and learn more toward
philosophizing.
2. Sense of doubt – was first traced by the 15th-century French philosopher Rene
Descartes. He was notable for refusing or questioning established ideas. The doubt
urges us to determine if the ideas or views are correct or not.
3. Sense of experience – was first recommended by the 20th century Swiss-German
philosopher Karl Jaspers. He believed that man is often confronted by experience
which challenges his ideas and frameworks.
4. Love of wisdom – was first done by the ancient Greek Philosophers, and most
especially the foremost philosopher, Socrates. Acquiring knowledge, but it needs to
question, clarify, prove, and to discuss toward reaching the peak. Socrates is also
known for his motto: “The unexamined life is not worth living.”

D. Characteristics of Philosophy

Again! the more knowledge you acquire, the more questions to ask and
examine. In understanding the characteristics of Philosophy, you have to determine
the three ways of looking at Philosophy. These are: (a) as an analysis of frameworks;
(b) as an examination of knowledge, and (c) as a discipline. To explore those ways,
let us analyze each one of them for you to have clear insights for developing your
perspectives toward Philosophy.
The first one is a way of analyzing frameworks. A framework is defined as a way of
thinking about the world and is composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
Through Philosophy, a person may be able to understand the situations by going back
to their frameworks to make sense of a problem. Questions dealing with our
correctness and values are considered internal questions that can be addressed using
our frameworks. On the other hand, there are also external questions that seek to
questions the very frameworks upon which people base their own beliefs and views.
The second way is as an examination of knowledge. This way deals with
questioning and examining the established ideas and concepts that needed to prove
the correctness and truthfulness. Through Philosophy, a person may be able to
understand that not all the established ideas and knowledge are correct.
Lastly, Philosophy itself is a distinct area of knowledge with its own goals,
concerns, and ways of doing things. It is divided into several branches each of which
deals with a particular aspect of life or phenomena. These are: (a) Aesthetics deals
with beauty and what makes things beautiful.; (b) Logic deals with correct reasoning.;
(c) Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.; (d) Ethics refers to
moral questions and dilemmas.; (e) Political Philosophy studies government and
deals with questions of justice, power, and the rights and obligations of citizens.; and
(f) Metaphysics deals with questions regarding reality and existence. Moreover,
Philosophy of the Human Person is not a branch but an area in the philosophy that
understands the human person.
However complex and varied the perceptions, philosophers suggest two
important facts about Philosophizing: Philosophy is a reflective and meditative
activity and also as a method of mental exercise.
 What’s More (Activity)
Activity 1.1: True or False: Write T on the space provided if the statement is true,
and F if False. If the answer is False, supply the right word in exchange for the
underlined word.
__________________ 1. Ethics deals with beauty and what make things beautiful.
__________________ 2. Aesthetics deals with correct reasoning.
__________________ 3. A framework is defined as a way of thinking about the world and
is composed of the views and beliefs of a person.
__________________ 4. Epistemology discusses the nature of knowledge and knowing.
__________________ 5. Sense of doubt was first explained by the Greek Philosopher
Plato.

What I have learned.

Activity 1.2: Discuss: Elaborate on the following.
1. What are the reasons that compel a person to engage in philosophical thinking?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. What makes a person to philosophically think?
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3. Based on the characteristics of Philosophy, would it be possible for any person to
engage in philosophical discussion? Why or why not”
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Activity 1.3: Matching Type: Analyze the diagram below and generate philosophical
questions depending on the factors that oblige us to philosophize.

Factors that compel us to philosophize Philosophical Questions

1. Sense of Wonder/Curiosity a.

b.

You are looking at a tree.

2. Sense of doubt a.

b.

You received a text message saying that

you won a raffle.
3. Sense of experience a.
 b.

You will take an exam tomorrow.

4. Love of wisdom a.

b.

You see your mother cooking for lunch.

Activity 1.4: Graphic Organizer: Summarize in your own words the characteristics
or ways on how to look at Philosophy. Use the graphic organizer below.

Philosophy

As an analysis of As an examination of
framework As a discipline
knowledge

______________________ ________________________ ______________________

______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________
______________________

Activity 1.5: Reflection: Make your reflection about the field of philosophy.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 CHECKING YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Direction: Describe the following terms and concepts.
1. Factors that push you to philosophize
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. Characteristics of Philosophy
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

POST TEST

A. Multiple choice
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Select the circle on the right which
corresponds to your answer. Write your answer on your answer sheet.
1. Why do we need to examine how to view the characteristics a b c d
of philosophy?
a. It helps us to understand fully and clearly the field of philosophy.
b. It helps us to not be confused about the field of philosophy.
c. It helps us to apply philosophy in daily life to the fullest.
d. All of the above.
2. He believes that persons engage in philosophy in order to make a b c d
sense of difficult life experiences.
a. Karl Jaspers b. Rene Descartes c. Plato d. Socrates
3. It is defined as a way of thinking about the world and is composed a b c d
of the views and beliefs of a person.
a. Epistemology b. framework c. philosophy d. wisdom
4. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with correct reasoning. a b c d
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
5. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with moral questions a b c d
and dilemmas.
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
6. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with questions a b c d
regarding reality and existence.
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
7. Among all the factors, which one is what Socrates wanted us to a b c d
strive and obtain?
a. sense of doubt c. love for wisdom
b. sense experience d. wonder
8. Rene Descartes considers this as a reason why people philosophize. a b c d
a. doubt b. experience c. wisdom d. wonder
9. It is a branch of philosophy that deals with beauty and what a b c d
make things beautiful.
a. Aesthetics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Metaphysics
10. The Greek philosopher Plato believes that philosophy is brought a b c d
about by man’s sense of ________.
a. doubt b. experience c. wisdom d. wonder
 ENRICHMENT
Additional Activity
Direction: Elaborate on the following questions below.

1. Give at least 3 circumstances in life that drive you to philosophize. Explain.

a. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
c. ______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
2. What would be the field that you want to endeavor if you were a professional
philosopher? Elaborate.
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________