555 IC Laboratory

Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)
BE Programme in “Electrical and Electronics Engineering” NBA Accredited
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering

555 IC
Laboratory
MANUAL
SUBJECT CODE: BEEL358B

1 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Introduction to 555 Timer

SALIENT FEATURES

• An IC 555 timer is one of the most low cost, flexible linear integrated circuits.
Available in 8-pin DIP package
• Monolithic timing circuit
• Used as a timer, oscillator and a timing circuits
• Operates from 4.5V to 16V DC
• Sources and sinks current of 200mA
• Can directly drive TTL logic circuits
• IN555, TS555, LMC55 are CMOS versions Available
• Applications-DC-DC converters, waveform generators, digital logic probes,
tachometers, analog frequency meters, temperature measurement devices,
control devices, and voltage regulators
.

PIN DESCRIPTION AND FUNCTIONS

2 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

555 TIMER SPECIFICATIONS

Parameters Values

Supply voltage (VCC) 4.5 to 15 V

Output Voltage( V0), TTL
Compatible 5V

Supply current (VCC = +5 V) 3 to 6 mA

Supply current (VCC = +15 V) 10 to 15 mA

Output current (maximum) 200 mA

Maximum Power dissipation 600 mW

Power consumption (minimum 30 mW@5V, 225 mW@15V

Operating temperature 0 to 75 °C

555 Timer block diagram: It consists of 2 comparators, a flip-flop, a voltage divider, a

discharge transistor and an output stage

3 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Working Principle
The voltage divider consists of three identical 5k resistors which create two reference
voltages at 1/3 and 2/3 of the supplied voltage, which can range from 5 to 15V
Next are the two comparators. A comparator is a circuit element that compares two
analog input voltages at its positive (non-inverting) and negative (inverting) input
terminal. If the input voltage at the positive terminal is higher than the input voltage at
the negative terminal the comparator will output 1. Vice versa, if the voltage at the
negative input terminal is higher than the voltage at the positive terminal, the
comparator will output 0
The first comparator negative input terminal is connected to the 2/3 reference voltage at
the voltage divider and the external “control” pin, while the positive input terminal to
the external “Threshold” pin.
On the other hand, the second comparator negative input terminal is connected to the
“Trigger” pin, while the positive input terminal to the 1/3 reference voltage at the
voltage divider.
So using the three pins, Trigger, Threshold and Control, we can control the output of
the two comparators which are then fed to the R and S inputs of the flip-flop. The flip-
flop will output 1 when R is 0 and S is 1, and vice versa, it will output 0 when R is 1 and
S is 0. Additionally the flip-flop can be reset via the external pin called “Reset”which
can override the two inputs, thus reset the entire timer at any time.
The Q-bar output of the flip-flip goes to the output stage or the output drivers which
can either source or sink a current of 200mA to the load. The output of the flip-flip is
also connected to a transistor that connects the “Discharge” pin to ground.

4 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Expt. 1 Astable Multivibrator Circuit using IC 555Timer

AIM: To construct and study the operation of Astable Multivibrator using IC 555 timer.

APPARATUS:

S.NO. NameoftheEquipment Values Quantity

1 555 ICTimer 1
2 Resistor 1K, 100K, 51k, 51K, 1each
470Ω
3 Capacitors 0.1μF,0.01μF 47µF, 1
22µF each
4 CRO 20 MHz 1
5 DC Power Supply 1
6 Bread Board 1
7 Connecting Wires 10
andProbes

THEORY:

In the 555 Oscillator above, pin 2 and pin 6 are connected together allowing the circuit to
re-trigger itself on each and every cycle allowing it to operate as a free running oscillator.
Duringeach cycle capacitor C charges up through both timing resistors, R1 and R2, but
discharges itselfonly through resistor, R2 as the other side of R2 is connected to the
discharge terminal, pin 7. Thenthe capacitor charges up to 2/3Vcc (the upper comparator
limit) which is determined by the 0.693(R1+R2)C combination and discharges itself
down to 1/3Vcc (the lower comparator limit)determined by the 0.693(R2.C) combination.
This results in an output waveform whose voltage level is approximately equal to Vcc -
1.5V and whose output "ON" and "OFF" time periods are determined by the capacitor
and resistors combinations. The individual times required completing one charge and
discharge cycle of the output can be determined as follows:

Calculations:
Charging time 𝑡 = 0.693(𝑅 + 𝑅 ) C
Discharging time 𝑡 = 0.693𝑅 𝐶
𝑇 = 𝑡 +𝑡
Frequency of output waveform f = 1/T
Duty Cycle = (𝑡 /T) * 100
In short an Astable multivibrator is
*A free running or self triggering mode of operation
*Works as Rectangular wave generator
*The two states of Quasi-stable( High and Low)
*Requires no external triggering
*The duration of states is decided by the resistor and capacitor

5 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:
1. Check the components before connecting
2. Rig-up
up the circuit on the breadboard
3. Apply +9v DC supply
4. Observe blinking of LED
5. Use probes to connect and observe waveforms on CRO
6. Determine t1 and t2 and T and cross check with theoretical values
7. Draw waveforms on graph sheet
s

Result and Conclusion:

VIVAQUESTIONS:
1. What is a Multivibrator?
Ans: It is a switching circuit between two states
2. Whatis anastable multivibrator called so?
Ans:There is no stable state where the circuit can come to rest, so this circuit is
known as an astable multivibrator.
3. Can Duty be varied?
Ans: Yes by choosing R1, R2 and C1
4. What is the disadvantage of an astable multivibrator?
Ans: When the astable m/v was first energized, it was impossible to predict
which transistor would initially go to cut-off because of circuit symmetry.
5. What are the different types of multivibrator circuits?
Ans:There are two types of m/v circuits:,Monostable and Bistable.

6 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Expt. 2 Monostable Multivibrator Circuit using IC 555Timer

AIM: To construct and study the operation of a monostable multivibrator using IC
555timer.

APPARATUS:

S.N Name of the Values Quantity

O. Equipment
1 555 IC Timer 1
2 Resistor 10KΩ 1
3 Capacitors 10nF,0.1μF,0.01μF 1
4 Function Generator 1MHz 1
5 CRO 20 MHz 1
6 Bread Board 1
7 Connecting Wires 10
and Probes

THEORY:
When a negative trigger is applied to pin2 , comparator 2 detectsthis inputand sets the flip-
flop and changing the output to a HIGH. This turns off the Discharge transistor, and
Capacitor C1 begins to charge through the external timing resistor R1
This action allows the timing capacitor to start to charge up through resistor, R1 until the
voltage across the capacitor C1 reaches the threshold (pin 6) voltage of 2/3Vcc set up by the
internal voltage divider network
At this point the comparator 1, output goes “HIGH” and “resets” the flip-flop back to its
original state which in turn turns “ON” the transistor and discharges the capacitor C1 to
ground through pin 7.
This causes the output to change its state back to the original stable “LOW” value awaiting
another trigger pulse to start the timing process over again. Then as before, the Monostable
Multivibrator has only “ONE” stable state
The duration of output pulse is given by T = 1.1𝑅 𝐶
The output continues it’s LOW state, till another trigger input is applied.
In short
• Also called a single shot mode
• One stable state, other quasi-stable state
• An external trigger- changes output from stable state to quasi-stable state
• Output switches back to stable state by itself, after a predetermined time
• The duration of quasi-stable state depends upon the R1 and C1 connected

7 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

CIRUIT DIAGRAM

Waveforms

Procedure:

1. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2. Apply Negative triggering pulses at pin2 of frequency 1KHz as shown in Fig.
3. Observe the output waveform and capacitor voltage as shown in Figure and
measure the pulse duration.
4. Theoretically calculate the pulse durations Tp = 1.1𝑅 𝐶
5. Compare it with experimental values.
6. Draw waveforms on graph sheet

8 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Result and Conclusion:

The waveform is observed and verified with stated condition.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

1 Why is a mono stable multivibrator called so?

Ans:The monostable circuit has only one stable state(outputlow) hence the name
monostable.
2 What is the purpose of monostable multivibrator?
Ans: A monostable device, stays in stable state, and if triggered switches to
quasi-stable state stays there , only for particular time and returns back to
stable state by itself. 3.
3 What is the principle of monostable multivibrator?
Ans: Monostable multivibrators is a one-shot, or a mono-shot circuit, switches
only on triggering, and automatically returs back to it,s normal state.
4 What are applications of monostable multivibrator
Ans: Timing circuits , Delay circuits etc.

9 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Expt. 3 Bi-stable Multivibrator using IC 555 Timer

AIM: To construct and study the operation of a Bistable Multivibrator using 555 IC
timer.

APPARATUS:

S.NO. NameoftheEquipment Values Quantity

1 555 ICTimer 1
2 Resistor 10KΩ 2
3 Capacitors 10nF,0.1μF,0.01μF 1
4 LEDs 2
6 Bread Board 1
7 Connecting Wires 10
andProbes

Theory
A bistablemultivibrator is an electronic circuit ith two stable states. That means the circuit
stays at either of the two states, HIGH or LOW unless externally triggered to switch between
them.However, in the case of a bistablemultivibrator, we need a second trigger to make it
return to its original stable state, i.e., it doesn't return automatically. This is the main
difference between a monostable and a bistablemultivibrator.
So the working can be summarized as follows.
In NORMAL STATE (No Switch is pressed) output of both comparators will be LOW. So
RS flip flop maintains the previous state, so the output has NO CHANGE
When the SET button is pressed TRIGGER input becomes LOW, output of LOWER
COMPARATOR will become HIGH, SETs the output of flip flop, so the output becomes
HIGH
When the SET button is released it will got to NORMAL STATE (1). So the output has NO
CHANGE, ie HIGH.
When the RESET button is pressed, it will reset the flip flop. So the output goes LOW.
When the RESET button is released it will again go to NORMAL STATE (1). So the output
has NO CHANGE, ie LOW.

10 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

CIRUIT DIAGRAM

Waveforms:

Procedure:

1.Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2.Power on the circuit. Observe LED status. ( May be ON or OFF)
3. Press Set push button, LED is comes ON
4. Press again set button, there is no change
5. Now press Reset button. LED goes off.
11 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil
555 IC Laboratory

6. Press again Reset button, LED remains off.

7. Set button has to be pressed to turn on LED

Result and Conclusion:

VIVA QUESTIONS
1.Why the name bistable?
Ans: Both states are stable indefinitely
2. Is triggering necessary to switch?
Ans: It is a must
3. What are applications of the Bistable Multivibrator
Ans: Bistable Multivibrators are widely used as latches for counters, also used in frequency
divider circuits and storage devices. It is used in different storage devices and for counting
binary numbers. Used for frequency division circuits.

12 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Expt. 4 Sequential Timer Using IC 555 Timer

AIM: To construct and test a sequential timer using IC 555 Timer.

APPARATUS:

S.No Components Value Qty

1. Timer IC NE555 timer 1

2. Potentiometer 100k 1

3. LEDs -- 10

4. Resistors 1kΩ, 10kΩ 10, 1

Electrolytic
5. 10µF 1
Capacitor

6. Ceramic Capacitor 10nF 1

7. Battery 4.5V – 12V 1

Theory
The working of this circuit is quite simple and straightforward. The NE555 timer IC is
powered by a DC battery. And the voltage range of the battery ought to be 4.5V – 12V. The
Timer operates in astable mode. The Resistors 10K, 100K (pot) and the capacitor 10µF,
provide adjustable on and off times at the output pulse available and pin 3.
When output is high, the Timer provides sourcing to a set of alternate LEDs connected and
they are turned ON, and When output goes low, Timer provides sinking to other set of
alternate LEDs which are turned ON. Sourcing and Sinking are systematically shown in the
following circuits.

13 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

The ability of the 555 timer to both sink and source its output load current means that both
LED’s can be connected to the output terminal at the same time but only one will be switched
“ON” depending whether the output state is “HIGH” or “LOW”. The circui circuitt to the left shows
an example of this. the two LED’s will be alternatively switched “ON” and “OFF” depending
upon the output. Resistor, R is used to limit the LED current to below 20mA
The 555 timer IC enacts the LEDs associated with its output pins through
through 1kΩ resistors in a
sequential fashion.
The Timer basically functions in astable mode. And 10k 100k. The number of LEDs can
likewise be expanded by interfacing more LEDs in the circuit in a similar way. The 100K
variable resistor is utilized to change the pace of glimmering LEDs. The working voltage of
the circuit is 4.5V to 12V DC battery. On the off chance if you are powering the circuit with
4.5V to 6V, at that situation replace the 1K current constraining resistors of all LEDs with
470 ohms resistors.
Applications and Uses
Home decorations
Automobile interior and exterior decoration
Special occasion lighting
Shop and restaurants beautification

14 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Procedure
1. Rig-up the circuit breadboard
2. Power the circuit with 9V or 12V DC Supply.
3. Adjust the 100K pot to get a reasonable alternate flashing/ blinking of alternate LEDs to
give a sequential on–off display pattern

Result and Conclusion:

Viva Questions
1. What is mode of 555 timer operation
Ans: Astable mode
2. Is there a trigger needed to sequence
sequen the On-Off opearation
Ans: No need for trigger in astable mode
3. What additional feature this experiment demonstrate
Ans: It demonstrates sourcing and sinking feature of the timer
4. Name the Applications of this circuit.
Ans: Home decorations, Automobile interior
i and exterior decoration, Special
Occasion, Lighting, Shops and restaurants beautification

15 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

Expt. 5 Continuity Tester using IC 555 Timer

AIM: To construct Continuity Tester using IC 555 Timer

APPARATUS:

S. No Component Value Quantity

1 ICNE555 Timer - 1

2 Input Supply 9V-12V 1

3 Resistors 100K, 240K 1each

4 Ceramic Capacitor 10nF 1

5 Electrolytic Capacitor 47µF 1

6 Probes - 2

7 Speaker 8Ω 1

THEORY
The operating voltage of this circuit is 5 to 9 volts DC. The 555 timer IC is working in an
astablemultivibrator mode. There are two probes used marked as testing probes, any wire to
be tested for continuity is placed across the probes on the circuit., these probes will detect the
current flowing through them. Probes simply complete or cause an open circuit, so the power
to the circuit is on or off accordingly.
With faulty wire discontinuity is detected, circuit remains off, hence speaker remains
signalling that wire is faulty Similarly with good wire, continuity is detected, circuit turns
on, hence speaker beeps signalling that wire is ok.
The speaker used here is 0.25 watts, we can use a 1-5 watts speaker as well, or a mini flat
speaker.. The circuit will produce an adequate sound on 5V and a little louder on 9 volts.

16 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil

555 IC Laboratory

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROCEDURE:
1.Wire up the circuit on breadboard
2.Insert probes into the probe points.
3.Put/hold the wire to be tested, between the probes
4.The circuit gets powered on, if the wire is continuous, and gives a beep for continuity,
Otherwise there is a break in the power supply to the ci
circuit
rcuit and no beep, indicating that the
wire is discontinuous/ faulty.

Result and Conclusion:

VIVA QUESTIONS:
1. Identify 555 timer mode of operation in the circuit.
Ans: Astable mode
2. Will the circuit get powered on with faulty wire under test?
Ans: No. it remains OFF
3. Can you test a diode on the circuit?
Ans:?

17 Dept.of EEE, JCE, Belagavi | Prof. A. N. Joshi/ Prof. Akshata Patil