HOW PLURAL ARE FORMED

We add ‘s’ to which kind of noun?

We add ‘es’ nouns ending in
We add ‘ves’ to nouns ending in
We add ‘ies’ to nouns ending in
Can we make abstract noun plural, if yes or no then why?
What is nominative case? And objective/accusative case?
A noun which comes after____ is also said to be accusative case
The position of indirect object comes immediality after____ and before the____
The possessive case doesn’t always shows possession but____

FORMATION OF POSSESIVE CASE

When the noun is singular the possessive case is formed by adding ____ to the noun
And the letter ‘s’ is dropped where___ sound comes.
When the noun is plural and ends in ‘s’, the possessive case is formed by just adding___?
When the noun is plural but doesn’t end in ‘s’ then the possessive case is formed by
adding___?
When noun is consist of several words how possessive case will be formed?
When two nouns are closely connected how possessive case will be formed? Like salim and
Naseeb house?
When two nouns implying separate connection how can possessive case will be formed?
Like Naseeb and salim poetry?
We can use the possessive case only with the____ things?
what does apposition means?

ADJECTIVE
What is adjective?
Adjective of quality show what?
Adjective of quantity answers the question ____ much?
Adjective of number shows ___ many persons are meant or in what order it person or thing
stands?
Adjective of number are of ___ kinds?
____ denote exact number? Example?
____ do not denote exact number? Example?
____ refer to each one of a number? Example?
Demonstrative adjective shows what? Example? It answers the question___? W
(This and that are used with____? And these and those are____?)
(what is used in a____ sense? GS And which is used in a___ sense) SS
What words are used as Emphasizing adjectives? O,V
The word what is sometimes used as_____? Exclamatory adjective
‘’This’’ indicates something___ to speaker? Near
‘’That’’ indicates more___ objects? distant

Comparison of adjectives
What are the three degrees of comparison?
Comparative degree is generally followed by than, but comparative adjectives ending in –or
are followed by the proposition ___? (Hari is superior___ ram in intelligence) to

POSITION OF ADJECTIVES
A single adjective used attributively is generally placed immediately after or before? Noun
When several adjectives are attached to single noun then it is place before or after? Noun
for emphases
Some is used in___ sentence? Affirmative
Any is used in___ sentence? Negative or interrogative
But any can be used after___ in affirmative sentence IF
What is difference b/w little, a little , the little? Or in which sense they are used positive or
negative?
Similarly few, a few, the few?

The articles
A or an, the are ____ adjectives demonstrative
A or an is called____ articles Indefinite
The is called___ article? Because its points out a particular person definite
A is used before ____ countable nouns? Singular
Example( an apple , an orange, a girl)
The is used before___ countale noun? ____ nouns and ____ nouns
singular,plural,uncounatle
Example( the book, the girls, the milk)

When two or more adjectives qualify the same noun, the article is used before/after ____
adjectives only?
Example(I have a black and white dog)
Ans: before the first adjective
But when they qualify different nouns, the article normally used after/before each
adjectives?
Example(I have a black and a white dog)
Ans: before each adjectives

PRONOUNS
When action done by the subject turns back upon the subject is called? Reflexive P
Example (I hurt myself)
Example (I myself seen him doing this) this is what? Emphatic P

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUN
Used to point out Noun example this, plural these (distance) that plural those
Example (Climate of Karachi is better than Quetta) what will be the correct sentence and
why?
Ans climate of Karachi is better than that of Quetta , that shows climate and similar
comparison. Comparison should always be equal. More example
Rivers of America are larger than Europe ?
Ans: rivers of America are larger than those of Europe.

INDEFINITE PRONOUN
Refers to person or things not in particular example anybody, someone , anyone , all etc
Example someone has stolen my pen = someone not particular
Example correct sentence (One must do his duty)
Ans one must do one’s duty = his will be used in place of he not one, one should be used if
subject is one
One must do not praise himself?

DISTRIBUTIVE PRONOUN
Refers to persons or things one at a time example each, either, neither, no one, any, none
Each= used with two or more than two persons
Either= anyone of two
Neither- none of two
Rest should be used for more than two

RECIPROCAL PRONOUN
Nouns that are linked together example each other, one another
Each other= used for two persons or things (the two friends help each other)
One another= used for more than two things (john, lara and jack help one another)

RELATIVE PRONOUN
RP refer to some noun/pronoun going before. RP comes after noun, and It also works as an
conjunction (example I know a man, the man can help you)
Ans I know a man who can help you (here who is RP and man is also an antecedent)
Example I know the man, you want to meet the man
Ans I know the man whom you want to meet. (whom is RP and whom is used because,’’ the
man’’ is working as object in both sentences therefore is it used as object case, which is
whom.
Who, whom, and whose is used for persons only
‘’Which’’ for things not persons
That is used for person and things
Example You can read the book____ you want
Ans which or that
‘’What’’ has no antecedents
Example( you can read what you want)
If preposition comes before RP then it will be objective case example
To whom are you talking or who are you talking to

 Who is sometimes used for referring to animals that are emotionally closed not in
general example I have a dog whose name is tom but The dog which/that was
rescued has been adopted

 Whose is used for persons, animals, and things without life example this is the
question whose solution has baffled the philosophers of all ages or this the question
the solution of which has baffled the philosophers of all ages
 Which is used for things without life, animals, or even a sentence example The
moment which is lost is lost forever, The horse which I bought is an Arab, the man
was said to be drunk, which was not the case , the first sentence is the antecedent of
which. if RP which relates to a sentence use coma before the antecedent sentence.

NOTE PRONOUN HAS THREE CASES IN A SENTECNE I.E

SUBJECTIVE, OBJECTIVE, POSSESIVE EXAMPLE
WHO,WHOM,WHOSE, WHICH,WHICH,WHOSE/OF
WHICH,THAT,THAT,WHOSE
 That is used for persons and things/animals example this is the boy that I told you, I
have lost the watch that you gave me.
 The RP that is used in preference to who or which 1) After superlative
degree example This is the best that we can do, the wisest man that ever lived
made mistakes 2)after the words all, same, any, anything, none,
nothing, everything, the only etc example all that glitters is not gold, I have
everything that I need 3)after the interrogative pronoun who and
which example who am I that I should object? What is there that i do not know?
4) Two antecedent one denoting a person and other denoting an
animal or thing example the boy and his dog that trespassed the on the club
premises were turned out.
 What is used for things and is used without antecedents example I mean what I say,
I say what I mean
 As is used as RP after such example He is such a man as I honour.

OMISSION OF RP
The RP is generally omitted in the Objective/accusative case example
I have found the keys (which) I had lost
This is the man (whom) you want to meet
It was the best fil (that) I have ever watched

COMPOUND RP
Whoever, whosoever, whomever, whatsoever, whatever, whichever
These compound RP has no antecedents example
Whoever comes is welcome, whatever he does, he does well, take whichever you like

VERB
Verbs are word that tell us about the action or the state of a subject
TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Sentence that is incomplete without object is transitive verb whereas those sentences
which gives complete meaning without object is intransitive verb, transitive verbs can be
identified by what, whom. Example
He reads____? What, whom? A book , this is T.V.
Tom help____? What, Whom? Jack , this is T.V.
She died___?
They go____?