Example 6. Delay caused by vehicle parked on the approach What is the total duration of the effect of a car which parks for 30 minutes at an intersection where the flow is 1125 p.c.u,/n? The saturation flows of the approach with and without the parked car are 1950 and 2380 p.c.u./h respectively and >is 0:50. The patked vehicle raises the degree of saturation to greater than unity; equation (20) on p. 55 gives the duration of the effect as, (@=2S)T _ (1125-975) 30 a TOT TTS = 6 minutes ‘The eHiect of the parked vehicle lasts for $9 minutes after the vehicle has left, during which time drivers arriving will be unaware of the cause of the extra delay. What is the maximum individual delay? This is given by equation (21) as a(l 1125 Tr59 = O45 and x The maximum individual delay is therefore where 1154, 0-945 (0-154) 30 ap minutes = 3-8 minutes. Example 7. Fixed-time signals Part 1. Optimum settings. Flows and saturation flows at a 2-phase signal- controlled intersection are as given in the table below. Both intergreen periods are 9 seconds and the lost times due to starting delays etc. are 2 seconds per phase. What are the optimum cycle time and optimum green times for minimum overall delay? North South East West Flow (4) in vehicles/hour 600 450 © 900-750 Saturation flow (s) in vehicles/hour 2400 2000 3000-3000 Ratio gis 0250 0-225 0-300 0-250 values 0-250 0-300 ‘An expression for the lost time per cycle is given in ‘Capacity of the whole intersection’ 2a) Bt = 6464242 seconds = 16 seconds The optimum cycle time can be obtained by substitution in equation (22) in “Cycle time’: 15(69+5__ 29 1=0250-0300 0-450 ‘The total effective green time per cycle is co—L which is, 64— 16 = 48 seconds = 64 seconds ‘The effective green times can be obtained from equation (24) in ‘Green times’ 2 0-250 Gag (68) = 22 seconds 2S. (oD = S55 0300 ew = 9550 eth 24 seconds and Gew=28 seconds. Part 2. Reserve capacity. What is the percentage reserve capacity of the intersection described in Part 1? Assume that the practical capacity is 90 per ‘cent of the flow which can be accommodated with a 120-second eycle with the flows in the same ratios as given above. ‘When the eycle time is 120 seconds, c—L will be 104 seconds (L retains its value of 16 seconds). The green times should therefore be axa = G2aD (108) = 47 seconds (48) = 26 seconds sew = we 9:300 (194) = 57 seconds North South Bast Wes Umass sapcty (EF) snveiensnour (30) TOS 5 90%, of ultimate capacity in vehicles/hour $50 700,» 12801280 Present flow (g) in vehicles/hour 600 450 900750 Reserve capacity in vehicleshour 250-250-380 530 Percentage reserve capacity 2 56 4 WD ‘The intersection therefore has a 42 per cent reserve capacity. This result could, of course, have been obtained much more simply using ‘equation (14) in ‘Capacity of the whole intersection’: 100 (Yone.— ¥) ¥ Percentage reserve capacity 9-0-0075L 9-0-0075 (16) =0-78 From Part 1 of this example, ¥ = 0-55 Therefore, substituting in equation (14) gives reserve capacity= From equation (13) Yprux 12 per cent.