A

TECHNICAL PROJECT REPORT

On
“V- Joint”
Submitted for partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the degree of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
In
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Prepared by

1. (Mohammed Salman----23K81A7336)

St. MARTIN'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE

UGC Autonomous
Affiliated to JNTUH, approved by AICTE,
Accredited By NBA & NAAC A+, ISO 9001:2008 Certified,
Dhulapally, Secunderabad - 500 100
 St. MARTIN'S ENGINEERING COLLEGE
An Autonomous Institute
NBA & NAAC A+ Accredited
Dhulapally, Secunderabad - 500 100
ww.smec.ac.in

Certificate

This is to certify that the Project report entitled “V Joint” is being

submitted

(Mohammed Salman-------23K81A7336), in fulfilment of the requirement for

the award of degree of Bachelor In Technology In Artificial Intelligence and
Machine Learning is recorded of bonafide work carried out by them. The result
embodied in this report have been verified and found satisfactory.

Subject Faculty HOD-FME

Dr.D.Ranadheer Reddy
Date: -
Place:

-
 CONTENTS

• Certificate i
• Content list ii
• (Presenter topic Title
• Design
• Marking and measuring
• Calculation
• Cutting
• Finishing
• Joining
• Quality control
• Result
DESIGN:
 MARKING AND MEASURING:

Materials and tools you'll need:

1. Steel pipes
2. Measuring tape
3. Marker or chalk
4. Hacksaw or pipe cutter
5. File or deburring tool
6. Welding equipment (if welding the joint)

Steps:

1. Determine Pipe Size:

• Identify the size of the steel pipes you'll be using. This includes both the
diameter and the thickness of the pipes.
2. Measure and Mark:
• Measure the length of the pipes that will form the V joint.
• Use a marker or chalk to make clear and visible marks on the pipes where the V
joint will be located.
3. Angle of the V Joint:
• Decide on the angle of the V joint. Common angles are 45 degrees or 60
degrees, but it depends on your specific application.
• Measure and mark the angle on the pipes. Use a protractor if needed.
4. Cutting:
• Use a hacksaw or a pipe cutter to make the cuts along the marked lines. Ensure
that the cuts are clean and straight.
• If you're dealing with thicker pipes, a band saw or a specialized pipe cutting tool
might be more appropriate.
5. Deburring:
• After cutting, use a file or a deburring tool to remove any burrs or sharp edges
from the cut ends of the pipes. This ensures a smoother fit and reduces the risk
of injuries during handling.
6. Fit Check:
• Place the cut pipes together to check the fit of the V joint. Ensure that the angle
is correct, and the pieces align properly.
7. Welding (If Required):
• If you plan to weld the V joint, clean the surfaces to be welded to remove any
dirt, rust, or contaminants.
• Use the appropriate welding technique and equipment to join the pipes
securely. Follow proper safety precautions during welding.
8. Quality Check:
• Inspect the joint for any gaps or imperfections. Ensure that the V joint is strong
and meets the required specifications.
CALCULATION:
 CUTTING:
1. Measure and Mark:
• Measure the length of the pipes that will form the V joint using a measuring
tape.
• Use a marker or chalk to make clear and visible marks on the pipes where the V
joint will be located.
2. Determine the V Joint Angle:
• Decide on the angle of the V joint. Common angles are 45 degrees or 60
degrees, depending on your specific requirements.
• Measure and mark the angle on the pipes. You may use a protractor to ensure
accuracy.
3. Secure the Pipe (Optional):
• If possible, secure the pipe in place using clamps or a vice. This helps ensure
stability during the cutting process.
4. Cutting with an Angle Grinder:
• If you're using an angle grinder, put on safety gloves and eye protection.
• Position the grinder at the starting point of the cut line.
• Turn on the grinder and carefully follow the marked line, applying even pressure
to create a clean and precise cut.
• Make sure to maintain the desired angle throughout the cut.
5. Cutting with a Hacksaw:
• If using a hacksaw, wear safety gloves and eye protection.
• Align the hacksaw blade with the marked cut line.
• Apply steady and even pressure while sawing to cut through the pipe.
• Take your time to maintain accuracy and ensure a straight cut.
6. Deburring:
• After making the cut, use a file or a deburring tool to remove any burrs or sharp
edges from the cut ends of the pipes. This step is crucial for a smooth fit during
assembly.
7. Fit Check:
• Place the cut pipes together to check the fit of the V joint. Ensure that the angle
is correct and the pieces align properly.
8. Adjustments (if needed):
• If the fit is not perfect, make any necessary adjustments using a file or grinder
until the joint fits securely.
 FINISHING:

Deburring:

• After cutting the pipes, use a file, deburring tool, or sandpaper

to remove any burrs or sharp edges from the cut ends. This
step is crucial for safety and a professional appearance.

2. Grinding or Sanding:

• If you used an angle grinder to make the cuts, you may need to
grind or sand the joint to smooth out any rough edges or
irregularities. This can be done with progressively finer grits
of sandpaper.

3. Surface Cleaning:

• Clean the surface of the pipes to remove any dirt, oil, or

markings. This can be done using a degreaser or a solvent
appropriate for steel.

4. Surface Treatment (Optional):

• Consider applying a protective coating or finish to the steel

pipes to prevent corrosion and enhance the appearance.
Options include paint, clear coat, or specialized metal finishes.

5. Polishing (Optional):

• If you want a polished look, you can use polishing compounds

and a buffing wheel to bring out the shine in the steel. This
step is more common for decorative applications.
6. Inspect for Quality:

• Thoroughly inspect the V joint for any imperfections or

irregularities. Ensure that the joint is strong, free from visible
weld defects (if welded), and meets any applicable standards
or specifications.

7. Assembly:

• If the V joint is part of a larger assembly, carefully fit and

assemble the components. Ensure that the joint aligns
correctly and securely with the other parts.

8. Protection Against Corrosion:

• If the steel pipes will be exposed to the elements, consider

applying a corrosion-resistant coating to protect the joint from
rust and deterioration.
 JOINING:

1. Prepare the Pipes:

• Ensure that the cut ends of the pipes are clean and free from contaminants.
Use an angle grinder or wire brush to clean the surfaces.
2. Fit the Pipes:
• Align the cut ends of the pipes to form the desired V joint. Use a welding
clamp to hold the pipes securely in place.
3. Welding Setup:
• Set up your welding machine according to the specifications for welding
steel. Select the appropriate electrode or wire.
4. Weld the Joint:
• Start welding from the base of the V joint and work your way up. Ensure
that the weld bead is even and penetrates the joint adequately.
• Keep a consistent travel speed to prevent overheating and distortion.
5. Cooling:
• Allow the welded joint to cool naturally. Avoid quenching it in water, as
rapid cooling can affect the strength of the weld.
6. Inspect the Weld:
• Inspect the welded joint for any defects. Look for proper penetration,
uniformity, and absence of cracks. If needed, grind the weld bead to achieve
a smooth surface.
 QUALITY CONTROL:
Before Welding:

1. Material Inspection:

• Verify that the steel pipes to be joined meet the specified

material requirements, including grade, thickness, and
dimensions.

2. Cutting Quality:

• Ensure that the cut ends of the pipes are clean, free from
burrs, and cut at the correct angles according to the V joint
design.

3. Fit-up Inspection:

• Verify that the pipes are aligned properly to form the V joint,
and there are no gaps or misalignments.
During Welding:

4. Welding Procedure Qualification:

• Ensure that the welding procedure follows approved

specifications and is qualified for the specific steel materials
and joint design.

5. Welding Operator Qualification:

• Confirm that the welding operator is qualified and certified

for the welding process being used.
 6. Visual Inspection:

• Perform visual inspections during welding to check for proper

bead size, penetration, and alignment. Address any issues
immediately.

7. Non-Destructive Testing (NDT):

• Consider using non-destructive testing methods such as

ultrasonic testing or radiographic testing to identify internal
defects in the weld.
After Welding:

8. Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT):

• If required by the specifications, perform post-weld heat

treatment to relieve residual stresses and improve the
mechanical properties of the weld.

9. Visual Inspection (Post-Weld):

• Conduct a thorough visual inspection of the completed weld,

looking for any signs of defects, cracks, or irregularities.

10. Dimensional Checks:

• Verify that the welded joint conforms to the specified

dimensions and tolerances.

RESULT: Hence, we obtained the V joint from a steel pipe.