BUTT JOINT

TITLE
• Butt joint welding

OBJECTIVE
• To make a Butt joint using the given two M.S pieces by arc welding.

INTRODUCTION
A butt joint, also known as butt well is a process in that two pieces of metal are placed
together in the same plane, and the side of each metal joint by fastening together end to end
without overlap and often with reinforcement.
They are many varieties of ways to butt weld and each one serves a different purpose. Those
varying include the shape of the groove, layering, and width of the gap.
Some typical examples of butt welding are;

• Square
• Single bevel
• Single J
• Double J
This butt joint method always uses in the mechanical industry. This method commonly uses
in the fabrication of structure and piping systems.

THEORY
Butt welding is a process that makes a weld pool of molten material that cools to form the
join by heating at a high temperature. It can be stronger than the parent metal.

MATERIALS AND APPARATUS

Material required

• Mild steel plate of size 100*50*5mm

• Welding electrodes: M.S electrodes 3.1mm*350mm
• Welding equipment: air-cooled transformer (80V-600V)  3-phases supply

1
Tools and accessories required

• Rough and smooth files

• Protector
• Arc welding machine
• Mild steel electrode and electrode holder
• Ground clamp
• Tongs
• Face shield
• Apron
• Chipping hammer

PROCEDURE
• Firstly, the long mild steel bar was marked into the given measurement. (100*50*5)
• Afterwards the mild steel plates were held by the bench vice and then M.S plates were
thoroughly cleaned of rust and scale, first with rough files and secondly with smooth
files respectively.
• The M.S pieces were leveled by a protractor so that there were no gaps between the
piece and the protractor.
• Then its edges were cleaned as there was a bend of about 30 degrees, leaving nearly
¼th of the flat thickness at the end.
• Afterwards the two pieces were placed on the welding table so that there was a light
gap for better penetration of the weld.
• The electrode was held in the electrode holder and the proper welding current was set.
• The ground clamp was also properly fasted to the welding table.
• After the apron and face shield was put in, the ARC was srucked and held at the
beginning so the first run of the weld was gone to fill the root gap.
• In the welding process, the electrode was kept at 15 or 25 degrees from vertical and in
the direction of welding

2
 Figure 2: Electrode holder

Figure 1: welding table

Figure 3: ARC welding machine

OBSERVATION

3
RESULTS

Figure 6: after the welding process

Figure 5: before the welding process

DISCUSSION

1. What types of joints are available and their uses?

Tee joint welding

When the welding pieces intersect at 90 degrees angle and when the edges connect in the
shape “T” as the results, this joint is called a tee welding joint.
This joint considers a fillets weld, this weld is formed when a tube or a pipe is welded onto a
base plate.
This type has a lot of welding styles such as,
• Plug weld
 Slot weld
• Bevel–
groove
weld etc.

4
Corner joint welding
This weld is similar to tee joint welding. The difference between them is the location of
where the metal is joining

When it comes to tee the placed in the middle while the corner joint is placed at the “corner”.
This joint is commonly used in construction like frames, boxes, and applications in the sheet
metal industry.
The following style can be used for corner joint welding type

• Filled weld
• Edge weld
• Spot weld
• Corner-flange weld
Lap joint welding
This welding is the modern version of butt welding. They placed pieces in an overlapping
pattern on top of each other. When the metal’s thickness is different, this is the method that is
mostly used.
Sometimes this joint includes lamellar tearing because of overlapping materials. But we can
prevent this issue by using new methods and techniques.

Edge joint welding

In an edge joint, the edges of both metals may be formed by bending them at an angle and
joint them together.
The main purpose of this joint is to reduce the stresses by distributing them. This weld mostly
affects the selection of the joint design. The following styles are applicable for edge joints.

• U groove
• V groove
• J groove

2. Suggest improvements for ARC welding quality development

• Select the correct shielding gas to get the best results from your filler metal.
• Make sure that before you start any welding project, the workpiece is as clean and tidy as
possible – use a brush, a clean cloth, or a wire brush to clean rust, paint, oil, dirt, or any
other containment

5
• Properly clean the joint before the welding process
• Use a proper wire feed speed (amperage) and voltage by following wire electrode
specifications.
• Follow manufacturer instructions for wire polarity and then set the power source
according to it.
• Align the proper electrode stick out with the wire diameter being used.
• Reduce the travel speed. Increase the welding current.
• Use both hands- use both hands when working with welding equipment especially when
MIG welding.

CONCLUSION
This practical gave the knowledge about the butt joint welding process that is commonly used
in joint design for most applications in different industries. This process is very successful
because of its simplicity. Different weld formations are suitable for varying weld thicknesses.
Some of these can bind together and distribute stress. So in that case learning butt joint
welding is way more useful.

REFERENCES

• Butt joint definition & meaning (no date) Merriam-Webster. Merriam-Webster. Available
at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/butt%20joint (Accessed: November 9,
2022).
• Butt welding (2022) Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. Available at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butt_welding (Accessed: November 9, 2022).
• Welding joint types: Butt, lap, tee, Edge Joints & More: UTI (no date) UTI Corporate.
Available at: https://www.uti.edu/blog/welding/joint-types (Accessed: November 9,
2022).
• Morrett, B. (2002) How to improve your welds: Helpful hints for GMAW, The
Fabricators. The Fabricator. Available at:
https://www.thefabricator.com/thewelder/article/arcwelding/how-to-improve-your-welds-
helpful-hints-for-gmaw (Accessed: November 9, 2022).
• Joining pipes with Butt Welding (no date) Copier Machinery. Available at:
https://www.copiermachinery.com/en/featured/articles/joining-pipes-with-butt-welding/
(Accessed: November 9, 2022).