TRANSFORMATION

MARIA FRECEL F. FEBRADA

A transformation is the change in the
position or orientation of a figure.

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To give a precise definition of transformation,it is
necessary to explain the idea of mapping.

DEFINITION.
A mapping of a set A
onto a set B is a pairing of
elements of A and B so
that each element of A is
paired with exactly one
element of B, and each
element of B is paired
with at least one element
of A.
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DEFINITION. A transformation is a mapping 𝒇of A
onto B such that each element of B is the image of exactly
one element of A.

This is a one-to-one onto mapping, or a transformation

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A one-to-one onto mapping, or a transformation gives
exactly one image point to each preimage point.

X X’

Y Z Y’ Z’
The resulting figure is the image of the original figure,
called the preimage.
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Examples of Transformation
(x,y) → (x+2, y – 1) is an example of A line y=-mx+b has an image
translation, a type of transformation. y’=mx+b under a trasformation.

y (-x,y) A A’(x,y)

(x,y)
A
(-x,-y)B B’ (x,-y)
B
(x+2, y – 1)
x

A (-x, y) → A’ (x, y)
B (-x, -y) → B’ (x, -y)
Examples of Transformation

B C

A’
D’
A D

B’
C’
The essential characterization of the Transformation of
Euclidean geometry is that distance is preserved. That is, distance
must be an invariant property.

DEFINITION. A transformation 𝒇 is an isometry of A

onto B if it preserves distances. For any two points 𝑃1, 𝑃2 of
A, the distance between 𝑃1 and 𝑃2 is equal to the distance
between 𝒇(𝑃1) and 𝒇(𝑃2).

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 In analytic geometry the
distance d between points
(𝑥1, 𝑦1) and (𝑥2, 𝑦2) is defined by

The distance between 𝑃1 and 𝑃2

is equal to the distance between
𝒇(𝑃1) and 𝒇 𝑃2 .
EUCLIDEAN TRANSFORMATION
Types of plane motion

Reflection Translation
“a flip” “a slide”
EUCLIDEAN TRANSFORMATION
Types of plane motion

Rotation Glide Reflection

“a turn”
REFLECTION A reflection is a transformation
that flips a figure across a
point, a line or a plane.

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REFLECTION

It is a motion on a
plane that utilizes a
fixed line l, as if line l
were a mirror.

A set of points and

their images are
reflections of each
other.
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REFLECTION

A reflection in the plane is defined with

respect to a line called the axis of
symmetry.
Points on the axis of symmetry are fixed.
Points of the axis are mapped to points
so that the axis of symmetry is the
perpendicular bisector of the line
segment joining a point and its image.
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REFLECTION
Consider 𝑨𝑩, A(-x, y) and
B(-x, y) If 𝑨𝑩 is reflected
across:
y-axis: A(-x, y) → A’ (x, y)
B(-x, y) → B’ (x, y)
x-axis: A(-x, y) → A’ (-x, -y)
B(-x, y) → B’ (-x, -y)
origin: A(-x, y) → A’ (x, -y)
2 B(-x, y) → B’ (x, -y)
SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT REFLECTION
1. A segment is not parallel to its image, except in some
special cases.
A A’

B B’
C C’

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D D’
SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT REFLECTION
The inverse of a reflection is the same reflection.

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SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT REFLECTION
3. The product of two reflections about the same line is
not a reflection.

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SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT REFLECTION
4. It is generally not possible to "slide" a figure to
coincide with its reflected image.

Not a reflection A reflection

B C B’ C’ B C C’
B‘

A D A’ D’ A D D’ A’
REFLECTION

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REFLECTION
Reflection across x-axis Reflection across y-axis

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REFLECTION
Reflection across y =x Reflection across y =-x

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REFLECTION
Reflection in origin(0, 0)

Origin is the
midpoint of the axis
of symmetry.

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REFLECTION
Remember that each point
of a reflected image is the
same distance from the line
of reflection as the
corresponding point of the
preimage. The line of
reflection will lie directly in
the middle between the
preimage and its image.

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Thank you for
listening!
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