Dementia

BY GROUP A 2
FROM 19013 TO 19023
Def. : Dementia is a general term for loss of
memory, language, problem-solving and other thinking
abilities that are severe enough to interfere with daily life.
Alzheimer's is the most common cause of dementia.
Causes:

Dementia is caused by damage to brain cells.

This damage interferes with the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other.
When brain cells cannot communicate normally, thinking, behavior and feelings can be
affected.

The brain has many distinct regions, each of which is responsible for different functions
(for example, memory, judgment and movement). When cells in a particular region are
damaged, that region cannot carry out its functions normally.
CP : -Short-term memory -Keeping track of a purse or wallet
-Paying bills-Planning and preparing meals.-Remembering appointments.
-Traveling out of the neighborhood
Diagnosis:
There is no one test to determine if someone has dementia. Doctors diagnose
Alzheimer's and other types of dementia based on a careful medical history, a physical
examination, laboratory tests, and the characteristic changes in thinking, day-to-day
function and behavior associated with each type.
Doctors can determine that a person has dementia with a high level of certainty.
But it's harder to determine the exact type of dementia because the symptoms and brain
changes of different dementias can overlap.
In some cases, a doctor may diagnose "dementia" and not specify a type. If this occurs, it
may be necessary to see a specialist
Treatment:
treatment of dementia depends on its cause.
In the case of most progressive dementias, including Alzheimer's disease, there is no
cure, but two treatments aducanumab and lecanemab demonstrate that removing
beta-amyloid,

one of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, from the brain reduces cognitive and
functional decline in people living with early Alzheimer’s.
Others can temporarily slow the worsening of dementia symptoms and improve quality
of life for those living with Alzheimer's and their caregivers.

The same medications used to treat Alzheimer's are among the drugs sometimes
prescribed to help with symptoms of other types of dementias. Non-drug therapies can
also alleviate some symptoms of dementia
 Dementia risk and prevention

Some risk factors for dementia, such as age and

genetics, cannot be changed.

But researchers continue to explore the impact of other

risk factors on brain health and prevention of dementia.
Discussion:
1- Dementia affects the following except :

Memory

Visuospatial

executive function

motor skills
2-What is not a cause of dementia?

Alzhiemer's disease

Pick's disease

vascular dementia

loss of dopamine
3-Prevalence of dementia is highest in which age group?

85+

60-64

70-74

20-30
4-When differentiating between dementia and Alzheimer's, which of the following are
true?

Dementia is a deterioration in cognitive and behavioral functioning

Alzheimer's is a progressive, irreversible, and degenerative brain disorder

Alzheimer's is characterized by a loss of control of bodily functions

All of the above

5-Which type of dementia is caused by multiple small strokes?

Vascular dementia

Frontotemporal dementia

Alzheimer's disease

Lewy body dementia

6-The term 'dementia' describes a...

Symptom

Syndrome

Condition

Disease
7-a brain condition, mostly affecting older people, in which a person has difficulties with
memory, thinking, control of the body, etc. that are severe enough to affect daily life:
patients with ___

dementia

budge up Br = move up = move over

lead up to

ramble

write off
8-Dementia is defined as a chronic, global deterioration of cognition. Dementia should
not be confused with delirium. Which of the following characteristics of dementia best
differentiates it from delirium?

dementia affects mainly attention.

dementia is caused by acute illness.

dementia has slower onset.

dementia is often reversible.

9-Which of the following conditions affects memory and other cognitive functions,
typically does not affect daily functioning, and may lead to dementia within 3 years?

Age-associated memory impairment

Depression

Mild cognitive impairment

Subjective cognitive decline

10-An 80-year-old woman with a recent diagnosis of dementia is brought to the office by her daughter, who
wishes to discuss her mother’s care. The patient’s daughter has recently quit her job and moved in with her
mother to take care of her full-time. The daughter has already worked with an occupational therapist to make
sure that the patient’s home is safe, but she is unfamiliar with how to help the patient preserve feelings of
self-control and to keep her comfortable on a daily basis. Which of the following is most appropriate to tell the
daughter regarding this concern?

Avoid explaining changes in routine or surroundings so as not to confuse the patient

Avoid frequent visits by family members or friends to minimize stimulation

Establish a routine for daily activities to reinforce orientation

Keep the patient’s room quiet, dark, and private to minimize stimulation
Thank You