1. What is the main goal of biochemistry?

a) To study how biological organisms interact with their environment

b) To study how complex chemical reactions and chemical structures give rise to life and life's processes
c) To study how biological organisms evolve and adapt to changing conditions
d) To study how biological organisms use energy and nutrients for growth and development

2. What are the two categories of nutrients?

a) Macronutrients and micronutrients
b) Essential and non-essential nutrients
c) Organic and inorganic nutrients
d) Primary and secondary nutrients

3. Which of the following is not a macronutrient?

a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Vitamins
d) Proteins

4. What is the term used for the sum of the processes involved in taking food, its digestion, absorption,
metabolism and their impact on health?
a) Nutrition
b) Dietetics
c) Metabolism
d) Physiology

5. What are the energy producing nutrients that are required in grams?
a) Macronutrients
b) Micronutrients
c) Vitamins
d) Minerals

6. What are the nutrients that are required in milligrams or micrograms?

a) Macronutrients
b) Micronutrients
c) Vitamins
d) Minerals
e) b, c, d
7. What is the unit of measurement for energy in food?
a) Joules
b) Calories
c) Grams
d) Molecules

8. What are the metabolic pathways that convert fuels into energy that can be used for various functions
called?
a) Fuel oxidative pathways
b) Fuel storage pathways
c) Fuel synthesis pathways
9. What are the dietary components that have no value to the body and must be disposed of called?
- A) Xenobiotics
- B) Metabolites
- C) None of the above
10. What are the pathways that synthesize larger molecules from smaller components called?
- A) Anabolic pathways
- B) Catabolic pathways
- C) Fuel storage pathways
11. What are the pathways that break down larger molecules into smaller components called?
- A) Anabolic pathways
- B) Catabolic pathways
- C) All of the above
12. What are the nutrients that the body requires in the diet only under certain conditions called?
- A) Conditionally essential
- B) Semi-essential
- C) Both of the above
- D) None of the above
13. What is the main factor that determines the type of covalent bond between two atoms (According to
polarity)?
A) The size of the atoms
B) The number of electrons in the atoms
C) The electronegativity of the atoms
D) The shape of the molecules
14. How many electrons are shared in a single covalent bond?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
15. How many electrons are shared in a triple covalent bond?
A) Two
B) Four
C) Six
D) Eight
16. What is the term used to describe the power of an atom to attract electrons?
A) Electron affinity
B) Electronegativity
C) Electron density
D) Electron configuration
17. What is the term used to describe a covalent bond that has equal sharing of electrons?
A) Nonpolar covalent bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Ionic bond
D) Metallic bond
18. What is the term used to describe a covalent bond that has unequal sharing of electrons?
A) Nonpolar covalent bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Ionic bond
D) Metallic bond

19. What is the term used to describe a molecule that has a positive and a negative end due to polar
covalent bonds?
A) Dipole
B) Monopole
C) Bipolar
D) Multipolar
20. Which of the following molecules has a polar covalent bond?
A) H2
B) O2
C) N2
D) HF
21. What are the four types of noncovalent bonds or forces?
A) Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, Van der Waals forces and hydrophobic interactions
B) Hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, Van der Waals forces and hydrophilic interactions
C) Hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, London dispersion forces and hydrophobic interactions
D) Hydrogen bonds, covalent bonds, London dispersion forces and hydrophilic interactions
22. What is the name of the atom to which the hydrogen is covalently bonded in a hydrogen bond?
A) Hydrogen donor
B) Hydrogen acceptor
C) Hydrogen partner
D) Hydrogen neighbor
23. What is the name of the atom that attracts the hydrogen in a hydrogen bond?
A) Hydrogen donor
B) Hydrogen acceptor
C) Hydrogen partner
D) Hydrogen neighbor
24. What are two examples of biological molecules that rely on hydrogen bonds for their structure and
function?
A) Proteins and DNA
B) Carbohydrates and lipids
C) Nucleotides and amino acids
D) Enzymes and hormones
25. What is the name of the molecule that has a simple molecular structure composed of one oxygen atom
and two hydrogen atoms?
A) Water
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Hydroxide
26. What is the name of the type of covalent bond between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a water
molecule?
A) Nonpolar covalent bond
B) Polar covalent bond
C) Ionic bond
D) Metallic bond
27. What is the value of the bond angle between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule?
A) 90 degrees
B) 105 degrees *
C) 120 degrees
D) 180 degrees

28. What is the name of the symbol used to indicate a partial positive charge on an atom?
A) δ+
B) δ-
C) μ+
D) μ-
29. How many hydrogen bonds can a single water molecule form with other water molecules?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
30. How many hydrogen bonds need to be broken to vaporize a single water molecule from liquid to gas
state?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
31. What is the name of the type of bond that forms between the oxygen atom of one water molecule and
the hydrogen atom of another water molecule?
- A) Covalent bond
- B) Ionic bond
- C) Hydrogen bond
- D) Van der Waals bond
32. How many hydrogen bonds can each water molecule form with neighboring water molecules in ice
state?
- A) One
- B) Two
- C) Three
- D) Four
33. What happens to the hydrogen bonds in water when the temperature rises from melting point to
boiling point?
- A) They become stronger and more stable
- B) They become weaker and more flexible
- C) They break partially and then completely
- D) They remain unchanged and intact
34. What are ions?
- A) Electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
- B) Transient asymmetries in the electron distribution around an atom.
- C) Nonpolar compounds that cluster together in an aqueous medium.
- D) Oppositely charged groups or ions that form electrostatic interactions.
35. What is the basis of a Van der Waals interaction?
- A) The attraction between nonpolar molecules in water.
- B) The repulsion between the negative charges of the outer electron shells.
- C) The transient asymmetry in the electron distribution around an atom.
- D) The hydrogen bonding between water molecules.
36. What is the name of the distance at which the attraction between molecules is greatest in a Van der
Waals interaction?
- A) Hydrophobic distance
- B) Ionic distance
- C) Van der Waals distance
- D) Electrostatic distance

37. What is the name of the force that develops when molecules approach each other more closely than
the Van der Waals distance?
- A) Hydrophobic force
- B) Repulsive force
- C) Attractive force
- D) Dipole-dipole force
38. What is the name of the interaction that occurs between oppositely charged groups or ions?
- A) Hydrophobic interaction
- B) Electrostatic interaction or ionic bond
- C) Van der Waals force
- D) Hydrogen bond
39. What is the name of the interaction that refers to the tendency of nonpolar compounds to cluster
together in an aqueous medium?
A) Hydrophobic interaction
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Electrostatic interaction or ionic bond
D) Van der Waals force
40. What are the two examples of oppositely charged groups that form electrostatic interactions or ionic
bonds?
A) NH3+ and COO-
B) Na+ and Cl-
C) Both A and B
D) Neither A nor B