1. What is the shape of a water molecule (H₂O)?

A. Linear
B. Trigonal planar
C. Tetrahedral
D. Bent
Answer: D (Analyzing)
2. Which of the following is a polar molecule?
A. CO₂
B. CH₄
C. H₂O
D. N₂
Answer: C (Analyzing)
3. What type of intermolecular force is present in a hydrogen fluoride (HF) molecule?
A. Dipole-dipole
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. London dispersion
D. Ion-dipole
Answer: B (Applying)
4. In the context of the formation of heavy elements, what process occurs in the core of
massive stars?
A. Nuclear fission
B. Nuclear fusion
C. Radioactive decay
D. Electron capture
Answer: B (Evaluating)
5. What is the primary source of energy that drives the nuclear fusion reactions in stars?
A. Gravitational potential energy
B. Chemical reactions
C. Nuclear fission
D. Nuclear potential energy
Answer: A (Understanding)
6. Which intermolecular force is the weakest?
A. Hydrogen bonding
B. London dispersion forces
C. Dipole-dipole forces
D. Ion-dipole forces
Answer: B (Analyzing)
7. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with four electron pairs around the
central atom, where two of the pairs are bonding pairs and two are lone pairs?
 A. Linear
B. Trigonal planar
C. Tetrahedral
D. Bent
Answer: D (Analyzing)
8. In the context of intermolecular forces, what is the primary factor that determines the
strength of London dispersion forces?
A. Molecular weight
B. Polarity of the molecule
C. Presence of hydrogen bonding
D. Electron cloud size
Answer: A (Analyzing)
9. Which of the following elements is commonly formed through nucleosynthesis in
supernova explosions?
A. Helium
B. Iron
C. Carbon
D. Oxygen
Answer: B (Evaluating)
10. What is the molecular shape of a molecule with three bonding pairs and one lone pair
around the central atom?
A. Linear
B. Trigonal planar
C. Tetrahedral
D. Pyramidal
Answer: D (Analyzing)
11. Which intermolecular force is responsible for the high boiling point of water?
A. Dipole-dipole forces
B. London dispersion forces
C. Hydrogen bonding
D. Ion-dipole forces
Answer: C (Applying)
12. In the context of heavy element formation, what is a neutron capture process that leads
to the creation of heavier elements?
A. Alpha capture
B. Beta capture
C. Neutron capture
D. Proton capture
Answer: C (Evaluating)
13. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with two bonding pairs and two lone
pairs around the central atom?
A. Linear
B. Trigonal planar
C. Tetrahedral
D. Bent
Answer: D (Analyzing)
14. Which of the following is an example of a molecule with polar bonds but is nonpolar
overall?
A. CO₂
B. HCl
C. SO₂
D. BF₃
Answer: A (Analyzing)
15. What type of intermolecular force is present in a carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) molecule?
A. Dipole-dipole
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. London dispersion
D. Ion-dipole
Answer: C (Applying)
16. How does the process of nucleosynthesis contribute to the diversity of elements in the
universe?
A. By breaking down heavy elements into lighter ones
B. By creating new elements through nuclear reactions
C. By forming molecules through chemical reactions
D. By releasing energy during radioactive decay
Answer: B (Understanding)
17. What is the molecular shape of a molecule with five bonding pairs around the central
atom?
A. Trigonal bipyramidal
B. Octahedral
C. Tetrahedral
D. Linear
Answer: A (Analyzing)
18. In the context of intermolecular forces, what role does molecular size play in
determining the strength of London dispersion forces?
A. Larger molecules have stronger forces.
B. Smaller molecules have stronger forces.
C. Molecular size does not affect dispersion forces.
 D. Molecular size affects dipole-dipole forces, not dispersion forces.
Answer: A (Analyzing)
19. Which of the following statements is true about hydrogen bonding?
A. It occurs between molecules with a hydrogen atom and a fluorine atom.
B. It is weaker than dipole-dipole forces.
C. It is only present in molecules with oxygen-hydrogen bonds.
D. It is a type of covalent bonding within a molecule.
Answer: A (Understanding)
20. How does the mass of a star influence the elements it can synthesize through
nucleosynthesis?
A. Higher-mass stars produce lighter elements.
B. Lower-mass stars produce heavier elements.
C. Mass has no effect on nucleosynthesis.
D. Higher-mass stars can produce heavier elements through supernova explosions.
Answer: D (Understanding)
21. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with four bonding pairs and no lone pairs
around the central atom?
A. Linear
B. Trigonal planar
C. Tetrahedral
D. Octahedral
Answer: C (Analyzing)
22. Which type of intermolecular force is present in a molecule of iodine (I₂)?
A. Dipole-dipole forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. London dispersion forces
D. Ion-dipole forces
Answer: C (Applying)
23. In the context of heavy element formation, what is nucleosynthesis?
A. The process of breaking down heavy elements into lighter ones.
B. The process of creating new elements through nuclear reactions.
C. The process of forming molecules through chemical reactions.
D. The process of converting atoms into ions through radiation.
Answer: B (Understanding)
24. How do dipole-dipole forces differ from London dispersion forces?
A. Dipole-dipole forces involve the attraction between permanent dipoles, while London
dispersion forces involve temporary dipoles.
B. London dispersion forces involve the attraction between molecules with polar bonds,
while dipole-dipole forces involve the attraction between nonpolar molecules.
C. Dipole-dipole forces are stronger than London dispersion forces.
 D. London dispersion forces involve the attraction between ions, while dipole-dipole
forces involve the attraction between molecules.
Answer: A (Analyzing)
25. What is the primary factor that determines the strength of hydrogen bonding?
A. Molecular size
B. Polarity of the molecule
C. Presence of hydrogen atoms
D. Strength of covalent bonds
Answer: B (Analyzing)
26. What happens during the process of beta capture in heavy element formation?
A. A beta particle is emitted from the nucleus.
B. A neutron is captured by a proton, converting it into a neutron.
C. An electron is captured by a proton, converting it into a neutron.
D. A positron is emitted from the nucleus.
Answer: C (Applying)
27. What is the molecular shape of a molecule with six bonding pairs around the central
atom?
A. Trigonal bipyramidal
B. Octahedral
C. Tetrahedral
D. Linear
Answer: B (Analyzing)
28. In the context of intermolecular forces, how does the boiling point of a substance relate
to the strength of its intermolecular forces?
A. Higher boiling points are associated with weaker intermolecular forces.
B. Higher boiling points are associated with stronger intermolecular forces.
C. Boiling point is not related to intermolecular forces.
D. Lower boiling points are associated with stronger intermolecular forces.
Answer: B (Understanding)
29. Which of the following elements is formed predominantly through the s-process in
stars?
A. Iron
B. Carbon
C. Helium
D. Oxygen
Answer: D (Evaluating)
30. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with five bonding pairs and one lone pair
around the central atom?
A. Trigonal bipyramidal
B. Octahedral
 C. Tetrahedral
D. Square pyramidal
Answer: A (Analyzing)
31. Which intermolecular force is present in a molecule of methane (CH₄)?
A. Dipole-dipole forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. London dispersion forces
D. Ion-dipole forces
Answer: C (Applying)
32. In the context of heavy element formation, what role does the neutron-to-proton ratio
play in nuclear reactions?
A. A higher ratio leads to stable nuclei.
B. A lower ratio leads to more energy release.
C. The ratio has no effect on nuclear reactions.
D. A balanced ratio leads to the formation of heavy elements.
Answer: D (Understanding)
33. What is the molecular shape of a molecule with four bonding pairs and two lone pairs
around the central atom?
A. Trigonal bipyramidal
B. Octahedral
C. Tetrahedral
D. Square planar
Answer: D (Analyzing)
34. Which of the following molecules has the highest boiling point?
A. H₂
B. O₂
C. N₂
D. F₂
Answer: A (Applying)
35. How does the formation of heavy elements through nucleosynthesis contribute to the
enrichment of galaxies?
A. By depleting galaxies of heavy elements.
B. By creating new stars with heavier compositions.
C. By releasing energy that enriches surrounding gas and dust.
D. By reducing the overall mass of galaxies.
Answer: C (Understanding)
36. What is the molecular geometry of a molecule with six bonding pairs and no lone pairs
around the central atom?
A. Trigonal bipyramidal
B. Octahedral
 C. Tetrahedral
D. Linear
Answer: B (Analyzing)
37. In the context of intermolecular forces, how do dipole-dipole forces differ from ion-
dipole forces?
A. Dipole-dipole forces involve the attraction between permanent dipoles, while ion-
dipole forces involve the attraction between ions and polar molecules.
B. Ion-dipole forces are stronger than dipole-dipole forces.
C. Dipole-dipole forces involve the attraction between molecules with ionic bonds, while
ion-dipole forces involve the attraction between nonpolar molecules.
D. Ion-dipole forces involve the attraction between permanent dipoles, while dipole-
dipole forces involve the attraction between ions and polar molecules.
Answer: A (Analyzing)
38. How does the process of alpha capture contribute to the formation of heavy elements?
A. By emitting alpha particles and reducing the mass of the nucleus.
B. By capturing alpha particles and converting them into protons.
C. By capturing helium nuclei and increasing the mass of the nucleus.
D. By releasing energy in the form of alpha particles during nuclear reactions.
Answer: C (Applying)
39. What is the primary factor that determines whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar?
A. Molecular size
B. Electronegativity difference
C. Number of atoms in the molecule
D. Atomic mass of the atoms
Answer: B (Analyzing)
40. Which of the following intermolecular forces is present in a molecule of iodine (I₂)?
A. Dipole-dipole forces
B. Hydrogen bonding
C. London dispersion forces
D. Ion-dipole forces
Answer: C (Applying)