p2 Gr12 Analytical Geometry - P Exam

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
PART 1
(INCLUDES GR 11 REVISION)
GRADE 12
PAST EXAM PAPERS
EMAILBY
ADDRESS: melulekishabalala@gmail.com
MR M. SHABALALA CELLPHONE NUMBER: 0733318802 Page 1
@NOMBUSO
REVISION ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY GRADE 11
1. DISTANCE FORMULA OR LENGTH
 𝒅𝑨𝑩 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 If given two points.
If square both side, yield…

𝟐
 (𝒅𝑨𝑩 )𝟐 = (√(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 ) Given 2 points with unknown + distance
(𝒅𝑨𝑩 )𝟐 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐
→ If given 𝒅𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑√𝟓 , 𝑨(𝟐 , 𝒂) , 𝑩(−𝟏; −𝟒) calculate 𝒂
 𝑨𝑩 = 𝒙𝑩 − 𝒙𝑨
 𝑪𝑫 = 𝒚𝑪 − 𝒚𝑫
2. MIDPOINT FORMULA
𝒙𝟏 + 𝒙𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 + 𝒚𝟐
𝐌( ; )
𝟐 𝟐
 Determine the midpoint

of TS.
 If 𝐌(𝟗 ; 𝟔𝟏𝟐 ) the midpoint
of TR, Calculate the
coordinates of R.
BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 2

3 GRADIENT
𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝒚 𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏
𝒎= ⇒ 𝒎=
𝐜𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝒙 𝒙𝟐 −𝒙𝟏
A) PARALLEL LINES When given the equations for // lines
Equation of the line AB

𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑
𝒎𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐
Equation of the line CD
𝒚 − 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟓
𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓
𝒎𝑨𝑩 = 𝒎𝑪𝑫
𝒎𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐
B) PERPENDICULAR LINES When given the equations for ⊥ lines
Equation of the line AB

𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒎𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐
Equation of the line CD
𝟐𝒚 = −𝒙 + 𝟒
−𝟏
𝒚 = 𝟐 𝒙+𝟐
−𝟏
If 𝒎𝑨𝑩 × 𝒎𝑪𝑫 = −𝟏 𝒎𝑪𝑫 = 𝟐
AB ⊥ CD
̂ 𝑫 = 𝟗𝟎°
𝑨𝑩 𝒎𝑨𝑩 × 𝒎𝑪𝑫 = −𝟏
C) COLLINEAR POINTS
Calculate the value of q if 𝐾(– 6 ; 9), 𝐿(– 3 ; 𝑞) and
M(–2 ; –1) are collinear.
𝒎𝑨𝑩 = 𝒎𝑩𝑪 = 𝒎𝑨𝑪
4. EQUATION OF THE LINE
a) Need gradient + another point

b) Use formula 𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄
c) When given equation, be able to determine the gradient and point
of intersection by equating equations.

5. ANGLE OF INCLINATION
➢ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝒎 where m is the gradient.

➢ It is always between 0° and 180°
➢ An angle measured from the horizontal line or from 𝑥- axis. If it is not from
the horizontal line, construct line from horizontal line to get required angle
of inclination.
If 𝑚 > 0 If 𝑚 < 0
∠ of inclination 0° < 𝜃 < 90° ∠ of inclination 90° < 𝜃 < 180°
➢ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼 = 𝑚𝐴𝐵
➢ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑚𝐴𝐵 𝛼 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (+ 𝑚𝐴𝐵 ) obtuse ∠
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑚𝐴𝐵 ) acute ∠ 𝜶 = 𝟏𝟖𝟎° − 𝒓𝒆𝒇 ∠
✓ If you get angle of inclination as a
➢ 𝜽 = 𝜶 (vertical opposite ∠′𝒔)
negative angle just add 180°
CHALLENGING IN ANGLE OF INCLINATION
1. 𝒎𝑶𝑸 = −𝟏 𝒎𝑶𝑺 = 𝟔 Calculate 𝜶 2. A(−𝟗 ;12) , B(9 ;9) and C(−𝟑, −𝟗) Calculate 𝜽

QUESTION 1 (FEB/MARCH 2010)
The diagram below shows the points P(0 ; 2) and Q(4 ; 0). Point A is the midpoint of PQ.
The line AB is perpendicular to PQ and intersects the 𝑥- axis at G and the 𝑦- axis at B.
1
1.1 Show that the gradient of PQ is − (1)
2
1.2 Determine the coordinates of A. (2)
1.3 Determine the equation of the line AB. (5)
1.4 Calculate the length of BQ. (3)
1.5 Show that ΔBPQ is isosceles. (2)
1.6 If PBQR is a rhombus, determine the coordinates of R. (3)
[16]

The straight line AB has the equation 5𝑦 − 3𝑥 − 5 = 0. Another straight line CD is drawn
to intersect AB at P(5 ;4) such that the acute angle between AB and CD is 45° .
2.1 Determine the gradient of the line CD. (5)
2.2 Hence, or otherwise, determine the equation of the line CD. (2)
[7]

QUESTION 3 (NOVEMBER 2010)
In the diagram below, A, B and C are the vertices of a triangle. AC is extended to cut the 𝑥-axis
at D.
3.1 Calculate the gradient of:

3.1.1 AD (2)
3.1.2 BC (1)
3.2 Calculate the size of DĈB. (3)

3.3 Write down an equation of the straight line AD. (2)
3.4 Determine the coordinates of M, the midpoint of BC. (2)
3.5 If G(𝑎 ; 𝑏 ) is a point such that A, G and M lie on the same straight line,
show that 𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 1 (4)
3.6 Hence calculate TWO possible values of 𝑏 if GC = √17 (6)

[20]

In the diagram below ∆ PQR with vertices P(– 1 ; 2), Q(– 2 ; – 2) and R(3 ; 0) is given.
4.1 Calculate the angle that PQ makes with the positive 𝑥-axis. (3)
4.2 Determine the coordinates of M, the midpoint of PR. (2)
4.3 Determine the perimeter of ∆PQR to the nearest whole number. (5)
4.4 Determine an equation of the line parallel to PQ that passes through M. (3)
[13]

The circle with centre B(–1 ; 1) and radius √20 is shown. BC is parallel to the 𝑦-axis and
̂ C = AD
CD = 5. The tangent to the circle at A passes through C. AB ̂O = θ
5.1 Determine the coordinates of C. (2)
5.2 Calculate the length of CA. (3)
5.3 Write down the value of tan 𝜃. (1)
5.4 Show that the gradient of AB is −2. (2)
5.5 Determine the coordinates of A. (6)
5.6 Calculate the ratio of the area of ∆ABC to the area of ∆ODF.
Simplify your answer. (5)
[19]

QUESTION 6 (FEB/MARCH 2012) MIXED
In the figure below, A(1 ; 4), B(–3 ; 1) and D(5 ; –2) are the coordinates of the vertices of
ΔABD. BD and AD intersect the 𝑥- axis at E and F respectively. The angle of inclination
of BD with the 𝑥-axis at E is 𝛼. The angle of inclination of AD with the 𝑥-axis at F is 𝛽.
6.1 Calculate the gradient of AD. (2)

6.2 Determine the length of the line segment AD.
(Leave your answer in surd form, if necessary.) (2)
6.3 Determine the coordinates of M, the midpoint of AD. (2)
6.4 C is a point such that line BC is parallel to AD. Determine the equation of line
BC in the form: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. (3)
6.5 6.5.1 Calculate the size of 𝛽. (2)

6.5.2 Calculate ALL the angles of ΔDEF. (5)
6.6 Determine the equation of a circle, with centre M, which passes through the
points A and D. Give your answer in the form: (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)
6.7 Does the point B lie inside, outside or on the circle in QUESTION 6.6?
Show ALL calculations to justify your answer. (2)

[20]

ABCD is a rhombus with A(– 3 ; 8) and C(5 ; – 4). The diagonals of ABCD bisect each
other at M. The point E(6 ; 1) lies on BC.
7.1 Calculate the coordinate of M. (2)
7.2 Calculate the gradient of BC. (2)
7.3 Determine the equation of the line AD in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)
7.4 ̂ C. Show ALL calculations.

Determine the size of 𝜃, that is BA (6)
[13]

In the diagram below, trapezium ABCD with AD ∥ BC is drawn. The coordinates of the
vertices are A(1 ; 7); B(p ; q); C(–2 ; –8) and D(–4 ; –3). BC intersects the 𝑥-axis at F.
DĈB = α
8.1 Calculate the gradient of AD. (2)
8.2 Determine the equation of BC in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)
8.3 Determine the coordinates of point F. (2)
8.4 Show that 𝛼 = 48,37°. (4)
8.5 Calculate the area of ΔDCF. (6)
[17]

In the diagram below, P is a point (−5 ; 0 ). The inclination of the line PT is 63,43°. S is the
midpoint and the 𝑦-intercept of PT. R is a point on the 𝑥- axis such that PO : OR = 2 ∶ 3.
9.1 Determine :
9.1.1 The gradient of PT, correct to the nearest integer value. (2)
9.1.2 The equation of PT in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 . (2)
9.1.3 The distance PS in surd form. (3)
9.1.4 The coordinates of T. (2)
9.2 Determine the coordinates of R. (2)
9.3 Calculate the area of ΔPTR. (4)
[15]

In the diagram below, A(−1 ; −3), B and C are the vertices of a triangle. P(2,5 ; 1) is the
midpoint of AB. CA extended cuts the 𝑦-axis at D. The equation of CD is 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 𝑘.
̂ B = θ. 𝛼 and 𝛽 are the angles that AB and AC respectively make with the 𝑥- axis.
CA
10.1 Determine the value of 𝑘. (2)
10.2 Determine the coordinates of B. (2)
10.3 Determine the gradient of AB. (2)
10.4 Calculate the size of 𝜃. (5)
10.5 Calculate the length of AD. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)
10.6 If AC = 2AD and AB = √113 , calculate the length of CB. (5)
[18]

In the diagram below, E and F respectively are the 𝑥- and 𝑦- intercepts of the line having
equation 𝑦 = 3𝑥 + 8. The line through B(1 ; 5) making an angle of 45° with EF, as shown
below, has 𝑥- and 𝑦- intercepts A and M respectively.
11.1 Determine the coordinates of E. (2)
11.2 ̂ E.
Calculate the size of DA (3)
11.3 Determine the equation of AB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
11.4 If AB has equation 𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 9 = 0, determine the coordinates of D. (4)
11.5 Calculate the area of quadrilateral DMOE. (6)
[19]

In the diagram below points P(5 ; 13), Q(−1 ; 5) and S(7,5 ; 8) are given. SR ∥ PQ where
R is the 𝑦- intercept of SR. The 𝑥-intercept of SR is B. QR is joined.
12.1 Calculate the length of PQ. (3)
12.2 Calculate the gradient of PQ. (2)
12.3 Determine the equation of line RS in the form 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. (4)
12.4 Determine the 𝑥- coordinate of B. (2)
12.5 ̂ B.
Calculate the size of OR (3)
12.6 Prove that QBSP is a parallelogram. (4)
[18]

QUESTION 13 (JUNE 2015)
In the diagram below, A(−2 ; −3), B(4 ; −5) and C(2 ; 1) are vertices of a ∆ABC in the
Cartesian plane. CG is a line such that AG = GB and AE ⊥ BC.
13.1 Calculate the coordinates of G, the midpoint of AB. (2)

13.2 Calculate the length of CG. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)
13.3 Calculate the gradient of BC. (2)
13.4 Calculate the value of 𝜃, the angle of inclination of BC, rounded off to
ONE decimal digit. (3)
13.5 Show that ∆ABC is an isosceles triangle. (4)
13.6 ̂ B, rounded off to ONE decimal digit.

Calculate the size of CA (4)
13.7 Calculate the area of ∆ABC ( to the nearest square unit). (3)
[20]
QUESTION 14 (SEPTEMBER 2015)
In the diagram below, A(−1 ; 0) , B, C(2 −2) and D are the vertices of a trapezium having
̂ C = θ.
AB ∥ DC. The length of DC is three times the length of AB (i.e DC = 3AB. AD
E(2 ; 2) is the midpoint of AD. The angle of inclination of DC is 𝛼.
14.1 Determine the coordinates of D. (2)
14.2 Calculate the size of 𝛼, correct to ONE decimal place. (3)
14.3 Determine the equation of AB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)
14.4 Calculate the size of 𝜃, correct to ONE decimal place. (3)
14.5 Calculate the coordinates of B. (5)
[16]

In the diagram below, the line joining Q(−2 ; −3) and P(𝑎 ; 𝑏) , 𝑎 and 𝑏 > 0, makes an
angle of 45° with the positive 𝑥 -axis . QP = 7√2 units. N(7 ; 1) is the midpoint of PR
and M is the midpoint of QR.
Determine:
15.1 The gradient of PQ. (2)
15.2 The equation of MN in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 and reasons. (4)
15.3 The length of MN. (2)
15.4 The length of RS. (1)
15.5 The coordinates of S such that PQRS, in that order , is a parallelogram. (3)
15.6 The coordinates of P. (6)
[18]

QUESTION 16 (FEB/MARCH 2016)MIXED
In the diagram below, P(1 ; 1), Q( 0 ; −2) and R are the vertices of a triangle and 𝑃𝑅̂ 𝑄 = 𝜃.
The 𝑥-intercepts of PQ and PR are M and N respectively. The equations of the sides PR
and QR are 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 2 and 𝑥 + 3𝑦 + 6 = 0 respectively. T is a point on the 𝑥-axis, as shown
16.1 Determine the gradient of QP. (2)
16.2 Prove that 𝑃𝑄̂ 𝑅 = 90° (2)

16.4 Calculate the length of PR. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)
16.5 Determine the equation of a circle passing through P, Q and R in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (6)
16.6 Determine the equation of a tangent to the circle passing through P, Q and R at
point P in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (3)

[23]
In the diagram below, PQRS is a parallelogram. The vertices P and S lie on the 𝑦-axis. The
side QR is produced to its own length to T, i.e QR = RT. Q(3 ; 5) and S (0 ; 2). PS = 2 units.
The line segment PT intersects SR at W. PW = WT.
17.1 Determine the coordinates of the following points:

17.1.1 P (3)
17.1.2 R (3)
17.1.3 T (3)
17.1.4 W (3)
71.2 17.2.1 Calculate the gradient of PQ. (2)
17.2.2 Hence, determine the equation of the line PQ. (2)
17.3 Determine the length of the line SQ. (3)
[19]

In the diagram below, A (–5; 1) , B(1; 6) and C(7; –2) are vertices of ∆ ABC with
AB produced to D. BD forms an angle, 𝛽 , with the negative 𝑥 -axis and BC forms
an angle, 𝛼 , with the positive 𝑥 -axis. 𝐴𝐵̂ 𝐶 = 𝜃
Determine:
18.1 The length AC. (2)
18.2 The equation of line BC. (3)
18.3 ̂C
AB (5)
18.4 The midpoint P of AB. (2)
18.5 The equation of the line parallel to AC and passing through the point (–1; 3) (3)
18.6 Show that AB is perpendicular to 6𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 18. (3)
[18]

QUESTION 19 (NOVEMBER 2016) MIXED
In the diagram, A(−7 ; 2), B, C(6 ; 3) and D are the vertices of rectangle ABCD. The
equation of AD is 𝑦 = 2𝑥 + 16. Line AB cuts 𝑦-axis at G. The 𝑥-intercept of line BC is
F(𝑝 ; 0) and the angle of inclination of BC with the positive 𝑥-axis is 𝛼. The diagonals
of the rectangle intersect at M.
19.1 Calculate the coordinates of M. (2)
19.2 Write down the gradient of BC in terms of 𝑝. (1)
19.3 Hence, calculate the value of 𝑝. (3)

19.4 Calculate the length of DB. (3)
19.5 Calculate the size of 𝛼. (2)
19.6 ̂ B.
Calculate the size of OG (3)
19.7 Determine the equation of the circle passing through points D, B and C in the
form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (3)
19.8 If AD is shifted so that ABCD becomes a square , will BC be a tangent to the

circle passing through points A, M and B, where M is now the intersection of
the diagonals of the square ABCD? Motivate your answer. (2)
[19]
In the diagram, Q(3 ; 0), R(10 ; 7), S and T(0 ; 4) are the vertices of parallelogram QRST.
From T a straight line is drawn to meet QR at M(5 ; 2). The angles of inclination of TQ
and RQ are 𝛼 and 𝛽 respectively.
20.1 Calculate the gradient of TQ. (1)

20.2 Calculate the length of RQ. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)
20.3 F(𝑘 ; −8) is a point in the Cartesian plane such that T, Q and F are collinear.
Calculate the value of 𝑘. (4)

20.4 Calculate the coordinates of S. (4)
20.5 Calculate the size of TŜR. (6)

20.6 Calculate, in the simplest form, the ration of :
MQ
20.6.1 (3)
RQ
area of ∆TQM
20.6.2 (3)
area of parallelogram RQTS
[23]

21.1 A(−2 ; 4), B(−6 ; 2) and C(3 ; 𝑝) are points in the Cartesian plane. Calculate
the value of 𝑝 if AB ⊥ AC (5)
21.2 In the diagram below, P(−2 ; 5), R(−6 ; 3) and Q are the vertices of ∆PRQ.
N(−1 ; 2) is the midpoint of RQ.
21.2.1 Calculate 𝜃, rounded off to TWO decimal digits. (6)
21.2.2 Determine the equation of the line joining P and N. (4)
21.2.3 Calculate the coordinates of L, the midpoint of PQ. (5)
21.2.4 If RL cuts at A, calculate the coordinates of A. (3)
[23]

1
In the diagram, A , B(−6 ; −5) and C(8 ; −4) are points in the Cartesian plane. F(3 ; 3 )
2
and G are points on line AC such that AF = FG. E is the 𝑥-intercept of AB.
22.1 Calculate:
22.1.1 The equation of AC in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (4)
22.1.2 The coordinates of G if the equation of BG is 7𝑥 − 10𝑦 = 8 (3)
22.2 Show by calculation that the coordinates of A is (2 ; 5). (2)
22.3 Prove that EF ∥ BG. (4)
22.4 ABCD is a parallelogram with D in the first quadrant. Calculate the coordinate
of D. (4)
[17]

In the diagram, P , Q(−7 ; −2), R and S(3 ; 6) are the vertices of a quadrilateral. R is a
̂O = 71,57°
point on the 𝑥-axis. QR is produced to N such that QR = 2RN. SN is drawn. PT
and 𝑆𝑅̂ 𝑁 = 𝜃.
Determine:
23.1 The equation of SR. (1)
23.2 The gradient of QP to the nearest integer. (2)
23.3 The equation of QP in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (2)
23.4 The length of QR. Leave your answer in surd form. (2)
23.5 tan(90° − 𝜃) (3)
23.6 The area of ∆RSN, without using a calculator. (6)
[16]

In the diagram below, A(– 4; – 1) , R(2 ; 3) and M (6 ; –3) are vertices of ΔARM.
̂Q = α
S(𝑥 ; 𝑦) is the midpoint of RA. RP
24.1 Calculate the coordinates of S, the midpoint of RA. (2)
24.2 Determine the equation of the straight line RM. (5)
24.3 Calculate the coordinates of P. (3)
24.4 Calculate the length of RA, rounded off to one decimal digit. (3)
24.5 Show that ΔARM is right-angled. (4)
24.6 Calculate the value of 𝛼 rounded off to one decimal place. (4)
24.7 Calculate the area of ΔARM. (3)
[24]

In the diagram below, A (– 4; 5); C (–1; – 4) , B (4; 1) and D are the vertices of a
quadrilateral. E is the midpoint of CD and the point of intersection of the diagonals of
ABCD. AB ⊥ CED. θ is the angle of inclination of line CB.
25.1 Determine
25.1.1 The gradient of AB. (2)
25.1.2 The equation of AB. (2)
25.1.3 The equation of CD. (3)
25.1.4 The coordinates of E. (5)
25.1.5 The equation of the line parallel to BC and passing through A. (3)
25.2 Calculate the value of 𝜃. (2)
25.3 Calculate the area of ∆AEC. (4)
[21]
̂ 𝑁 = 78,69°.
In the diagram, K(−1 ; 2), L and N(1 ; −1) are vertices of ∆KLN such that 𝐿𝐾
KL intersects the 𝑥-axis at P. KL is produced. The inclination of KN is 𝜃. The coordinates
of M are (−3 ; −5).
26.1 Calculate:
26.1.1 The gradient of KN (2)
26.1.2 The size of 𝜃, the inclination of KN. (2)

26.2 Show that the gradient of KL is equal to 1. (2)
26.3 Determine the equation of the straight line KL in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (2)
26.4 Calculate the length of KN. (2)
26.5 It is further given that KN = LM

26.5.1 Calculate the possible coordinates of L. (5)
26.5.2 Determine the coordinates of L if it is given that KLMN is a
parallelogram. (3)
26.6 T is a point on KL produced. TM is drawn such that TM = LM. Calculate the
area of ∆KTN. (4)

[22]
In the diagram, A(1 ; 4); B(−2 ; −2) and C(4 ; 1) are vertices of ∆ABC in a Cartesian plane.
M is the midpoint of AB. E is on AC , D is on BC such that DM ⊥ AB. ME and BE are joined.
The inclination of line CB is 𝜃.
27.1 Calculate the length of BC, in simplified surd form. (2)
27.2 Determine the coordinates of M, the midpoint of AB. (2)
27.3 Determine the equation of MD. (4)
27.4 If ME ∥ BC, calculate the coordinates of E, with reasons. (3)
27.5 Determine the equation of BE. (3)
[18]
In the diagram, K(−1 ; 4) ; L(3 ; 6); M and N(4 ; 1) are vertices of a parallelogram. R is
the midpoint of LN. P is the 𝑥-intercept of the line MN produced.
28.1 Calculate the:

28.1.1 Gradient of KL. (2)
28.1.2 Coordinate of R. (3)
28.1.3 Coordinates of M. (4)
28.2 Determine the equation of NM in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)

28.3 Calculate the:
28.3.1 Coordinates of P.
28.3.2 Size of 𝜃, the inclination of PM. (2)
28.3.3 ̂N.
Size of KP (4)
[20]

In the diagram, P , R(3 ; 5), S(−3 ; −7) and T(−5 ; 𝑘) are vertices of trapezium PRST and
PT ∥ RS. RS and PR cut the 𝑦-axis at D and C(0 ; 5) respectively. PT and RS cut the
̂F = θ.
𝑥-axis at E and F respectively. PE
29.1 Write down the equation of PR. (1)

29.2 Calculate the:
29.2.1 Gradient of RS. (2)
29.2.2 Size of 𝜃 (3)

29.2.3 Coordinate of D (3)
29.3 If it is given that TS = 2√5 , calculate the value of 𝑘. (4)

29.4 Parallelogram TDNS, with N in the 4th quadrant, is drawn. Calculate the
coordinate s of N. (3)
29.5 ∆PRD is reflected about the 𝑦-axis to form ∆P′R′D′. Calculate the size of
̂ R′.
RD (3)
[19]

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
PART 2
(EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE &
EQUATION OF THE TANGENT)
GRADE 12
EMAILBY PAST EXAM PAPERS
ADDRESS: melulekishabalala@gmail.com
MR M. SHABALALA CELLPHONE NUMBER: 0733318802 Page 34
@NOMBUSO
GRADE 12 ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
1 2
EQUATION OF THE EQUATION OF THE

CIRCLE TANGENT
A B
CIRCLE WITH CIRCLE WITH CENTRE
CENTRE AT ORIGION NOT AT ORIGION
➢ 𝑥 2 + 𝑦2 = 𝑟2 ➢ (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2
➢ Centre (0 ; 0) ✓ Where (𝒂 ; 𝒃) are the
coordinates of the centre
✓ 𝑟 2 is a radius squared
STEPS TO COMPLETE THE
EXAMPLE. Given:
SQUARE  (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 6)2 = 20.
Determine centre and radius
1. Move all constant “c”
across the equal sign
2. Divide both sides by the
➢ NOW, Take the above and simplify
𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 12𝑦 + 32 = 0
coefficient of 𝒙𝟐 and /𝒚𝟐 .
 What if it is given simplified
the “a” value.
𝟏 𝟐 equation and required to write it in
3. (𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐢𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐟 𝒙) , add standard form or determine
it on both sides, also same coordinates of centre and radius?
thing for 𝒚.
4. Finally, factorise the ➢ COMPLETE THE SQUARE
equation and simplify ✓ To write equation in standard
form

ACTIVITIES (EQUATION OF THE CIRCLE)
• EXAMPLE 1 Given that the centre is at origin and it passes through the point (−3; 4).
Find the equation of the circle.
• EXAMPLE 2 Given that the centre is at origin and the radius is √4 .Find the equation of
the circle
• EXAMPLE 3 (𝑎 ; √8) is a point on the circle with equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 17. Determine the
possible value of a.
• EXAMPLE 4* Given: (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 + 3)2 = 18 . Write down the coordinates of centre
and radius
• EXAMPLE 5* Determine the equation of the circle with centre (3 ; -5) and passing through
the point (-1 ; 1)
• EXAMPLE 5* Given that the centre 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 + 8 = 0 .
(a) Rewrite in a form of (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2
(b) Write down the coordinates of the centre and the value of the radius.
• EXAMPLE 6* Determine the coordinates of the centre and the length of the radius
1. (𝑥 + 3)2 +(𝑦 − 2)2 = 32
2. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑦 − 55 = 0
3. 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 11.
C) INTERPRETE (INTERSECTION OF THE CIRCLES)

For all question you need to find distance between the centres(𝑑𝐴𝐵 ) and find
sum of the two radii (𝑟1 + 𝑟2 ) and compare the answers.

2. EQUATION OF THE TANGENT
➢ TANGENT TO A CIRCLE - it is the straight line that is always
perpendicular to the radius of the circle.
TO FIND THE EQUATION

OF THE TANGENT.
1. You can find the gradient
of the radius
2. Then from
(𝒎𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 × 𝒎𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 = −𝟏 )
the above formula, you can
find the gradient of the
tangent
3. Use point of contact to the
formula (𝒚 = 𝒎𝒙 + 𝒄) to
find the equation of the
tangent.
➢ FROM THE ABOVE

̂ 𝑨 = 𝟗𝟎° (𝒕𝒂𝒏 ⊥ 𝒓𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒖𝒔)
✓ 𝑶𝑩
✓ 𝒎𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐢𝐮𝐬 × 𝒎𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐧𝐭 = −𝟏
△ 𝑶𝑩𝑨 is a Right angled triangle there for (𝑶𝑨)𝟐 = (𝑶𝑩)𝟐 + (𝑨𝑩)𝟐
ACTIVITIES (EQUATION OF THE TANGENT)

EXAMPLE 1 Find the equation of the tangent APB which
touches a circle centre C with equation
(𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 20 at P(5; 3).
EXAMPLE 2
The equation of the circle is 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟔𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓
(a) Prove that A(2,-9) lies on the circumference
(b) Determine the equation of the tangent.

1.1 Determine the centre and radius of the circle with the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 8𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 38 = 0. (4)
1.2 A second circle has the equation (𝑥 − 4)2 + (𝑦 − 6)2 = 26. Calculate the
distance between the centres of the two circle. (2)

1.3 Hence, show that circles described in QUESTION 1.1 and QUESTION 1.2
intersect each other. (3)
1.4 Show that the two circles intersect along the line 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4. (4)
[13]
QUESTION 2 (MARCH 2017)

In the accompanying diagram below, P(3; 2) lies on the circumference of a circle with
centre M. The circle also passes through the origin. Q is the intercept of the circle with the
𝑥-axis.
2.1 The coordinates of M. (2)

2.2 The gradient of OP. (1)
2.3 The equation of the circle M. (4)
2.4 The coordinates of Q. (3)
2.5 The equation of the line through Q, parallel to OP. (3)
[13]
In the diagram below, the line LP, with equation 𝑦 + 𝑥 − 2 = 0, is a tangent at L to the
circle with centre M(−4 ; 4). LN is a diameter of the circle. Also LP ∥ NQ, where P lies on
the 𝑥-axis, and Q lies on the 𝑦-axis.
3.1 Determine the equation of the diameter LN. (3)

3.2 Calculate the coordinates of L. (2)
3.3 Determine the equation of the circle. (3)
3.4 Write down the coordinates of N. (3)
3.5 Write down the equation of NQ. (3)
3.6 If the length of the diameter is doubled and the circle is translated horizontally
6 units to the right, write down the equation of the new circle.
[17]

4.1 The equation of a circle is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 6𝑦 = 15
4.1.1 Prove that the point (2 ; −9) is on the circumference of the circle. (2)
4.1.2 Determine an equation of the tangent to the circle at the point (2 ; – 9). (7)
4.2 Calculate the length of the tangent AB drawn from the point A(6 ; 4) to the circle
with equation (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 10 (5)
[14]
The circle, with centre A and equation (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 25 is given in the following
diagram. B is a 𝑦-intercept of the circle. Coordinates of C(6 ; 2 ) if C is the reflection of B in the
line 𝑥=3
5.1 Determine the coordinates of B. (4)

3
5.2 The circle is enlarged through the origin by a factor of
2
Write down the equation of the new circle, centre A′ in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)

5.3 In addition to the circle with centre A and equation (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 25,
you are given the circle (𝑥 − 12)2 + (𝑦 − 10)2 = 100 with centre B.
5.3.1 Calculate the distance between the centres A and B. (2)
5.3.2 In how many points do these two circles intersect? Justify your answer. (2)
[10]
In the diagram below, PQRS is a rectangle with vertices P(– 4 ; 0), Q(4 ; 𝑎), R(6 ; 0) and S.
Q lies in the first quadrant.
6.1 Show that 𝑎 = 4. (4)
6.2 Determine the equation of the straight line passing through the points S and R in
the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
6.4 Calculate the length of PR. (2)
6.5 Determine the equation of the circle that has diameter PR. Give the equation of
the circle in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (3)
6.6 Show that Q is a point on the circle in QUESTION 6.5. (2)
[19]

In the figure below, a circle with centre M is drawn. The equation of the circle is
(𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 𝑟 2 . S(1 ; −2) is a point on the circle. SR is a tangent to the circle
7.1 Write down the coordinates of M and the radius of the circle centre M. (4)
7.2 Determine the equation of the tangent RS in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (4)
7.3 The circles having centres P and M touch externally at point S. SR is a tangent
to both these circles. If MS : MP = 1 : 3, determine the coordinates (𝑎 ; 𝑏) of
point P. (8)
[16]

A circle centred at N(3 ; 2) touches the 𝑥-axis at point L. The line PQ, defined by the equation
4 4
𝑦= 𝑥 + , is a tangent to the same circle at point A.
3 3
8.1 Why is NL perpendicular to OL? (1)

8.2 Determine the coordinates of L. (1)
8.3 Determine the equation of the circle with centre N in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (3)
8.4 Calculate the length of KL. (3)
8.5 Determine the equation of the diameter AB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)

7 16
8.6 Show that the coordinates of A are ( ; ) (3)
5 5
8.7 Calculate the length of KA. (3)

8.8 Why is KLNA a kite? (2)
8.9 ̂ K = 45°.
Show that AB (3)
8.10 If the given circle is reflected about the x-axis, give the coordinates of the centre
of the new circle. (1)
[24]

Circles C1 and C2 in the figure below have the same centre M. P is a point on C2 . PM
intersects C1 at D. The tangent DB to 𝐶1 intersects 𝐶2 at B. The equation of circle 𝐶1 is given by
𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 + 𝑦 2 + 6𝑦 + 2 = 0 and the equation of line PM is 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2.
9.1 Determine the following:

9.1.1 The coordinates of centre M. (3)
9.1.2 The radius of circle C1 (1)
9.2 Determine the coordinates of D, the point where line PM and circle 𝑐1 intersect. (5)
9.3 If it is given that DB = 4√2 , determine MB, the radius of circle 𝐶2 . (3)
9.4 Write down the equation of 𝑐2 in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)
9.5 Is the point F(2√5 ; 0) inside circle 𝐶2 ? Support your answer with calculations. (4)
[18]
In the diagram below, M is the centre of the circle having the equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 6𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 8 = 0.The circle passes through R(0 ; −4) and N(𝑝 ; 𝑞).

̂ 𝑁 = 90°. The tangents drawn to the circle at R and N meet at P.
𝑅𝑀
10.1 Show that M is the point (3 ; −1). (4)
10.2 Determine the equation of MR in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 . (3)
10.3 Show that 𝑞 = 2 − 𝑝. (4)
10.4 Determine the values of 𝑝 and 𝑞. (5)

10.5 Determine the equation of the circle having centre O and passing through N. (2)
10.6 Calculate the area of the circle centred at M. (2)
NP
10.7 Calculate the ratio in its simplest form: (4)
MP
[24]

In the diagram below, the equation of the circle with centre M is (𝑥 − 8)2 + (𝑦 + 4)2 = 45.
PT is a tangent to this circle at T and PT is parallel to OM. Another circle, having centre O,
touches the circle having centre M at N.
11.1 Write down the coordinates of M. (1)

11.2 Calculate the length of OM. Leave your answer in simplest surd form. (2)
11.3 Calculate the length of ON. Leave your answer in simplest surd form. (3)
11.4 ̂ T.
Calculate the size of OM (2)
11.5 Determine the equation of MT in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (5)
11.6 Calculate the coordinates of T. (6)

[19]

In the diagram below, a circle with centre M(5 ; 4) touches the 𝑦-axis at N and intersects the
𝑥- axis at A and B. PBL and SKL are tangents to the circle where SKL is parallel to the 𝑥- axis
and P and S are points on the 𝑦- axis. LM is drawn.
12.1 Write down the length of the radius of the circle having centre M. (1)
12.2 Write down the equation of the circle having centre M, in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (1)
12.3 Calculate the coordinates of A. (3)
12.4 If the coordinates of B are (8 ; 0) calculate:
12.4.1 The gradient of MB (2)
12.4.2 The equation of the tangent PB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)

12.5 Write down the equation of tangent SKL. (2)
12.6 Show that L is the point (20 ; 9) (2)
12.7 Calculate the length of ML in surd form. (2)
12.8 Determine the equation of the circle passing through points K, L and M in the
form (𝑥 − 𝑝)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑞)2 = 𝑐 2 (5)

[21]
13.1 In the diagram below, the circle centred at M(2 ; 4) passes through C(−1 ; 2) and
cuts the 𝑦- axis at E. The diameter CMD is drawn and ACB is a tangent to the circle.
13.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form

(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (3)
13.1.2 Write down the coordinates of D. (2)
13.1.3 Determine the equation of AB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (5)

13.1.4 Calculate the coordinates of E. (4)
13.1.5 Show that EM is parallel to AB. (2)
13.2 Determine whether or not the circles having equations (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 4)2 = 25
and (𝑥 − 5)2 + (𝑦 + 1)2 = 9 will intersect. Show ALL calculations. (6)

[22]

14.1 In the diagram below, the line 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 1 = 0 is a tangent to the circle, having centre
M(𝑎 ; 𝑏), at G(2 ; 5). The centre of the circle lies on the line 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9.
14.1.1 Determine the gradient of GM. (2)
14.1.2 Determine the equation of GM in the form: 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)

14.1.3 Calculate the coordinates of M. (4)
14.1.4 Hence, calculate the length of the radius of the circle. (2)
14.1.5 Write down the equation of the circle in the form:
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐷𝑦 + 𝐸 = 0 (3)
14.2 Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 26𝑥 + 12𝑦 + 105 = 0 at (7 ; 2) (7)
[21]

In the diagram below, Q( 5 ; 2) is the centre of a circle that intersects the 𝑦-axis at P( 0 ; 6)
and S. The tangent APB at P intersects the 𝑥-axis at B and makes the angle 𝛼 with the
positive 𝑥- axis. R is a point on the circle and 𝑃𝑅̂ 𝑆 = 𝜃.
15.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (3)
15.3 Determine the equation of the tangent APB in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (4)
15.4 Calculate the size of 𝛼. (2)
15.5 Calculate, with reasons, the size of 𝜃. (4)
15.6 Calculate the area of ∆PQS. (4)
[20]

In the diagram below, the equation of the circle with centre O is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 20. The
1
tangent PRS to the circle at R has the equation 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑘 . PRS cuts the 𝑦-axis at
2
T and the 𝑥-axis at S.
16.1 Determine , giving reasons, the equation of OR in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)
16.3 Determine the area of ∆OTS, given that R(2 ; −4). (6)
16.4 Calculate the length of VT. (4)
[17]

17.1 In the diagram below C(3 ; −3) is the centre of the circle with radius equal to 5 units.
F and G are the points of intersection of the circle with 𝑦- axis and the 𝑥-axis
respectively , HK is a tangent to the circle at F and cuts the 𝑥-axis at H.
17.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (2)

17.1.2 Calculate the coordinates of F and G. (8)
17.1.3 Hence, determine the equation of the tangent HK. (5)
17.2 In the diagram below, a circle centred at P has a radius of 2 units. It lies in the
first quadrant and touches both axes. The circle with the centre Q(6 ; 5) touches
the circle with centre P Externally at R.
17.2.1 Determine the equation of the circle with centre Q. (5)

[20]

18.1 In the diagram below, centre W of the circle lies on the straight line 3𝑥 + 4𝑦 + 7 = 0
The straight line cuts the circle at V and Z(–1; –1). The circle touches the y-axis at G(0;2)
18.1.1 Determine the equation of the circle in the form

(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (5)
18.1.2 Determine the length of diameter VZ. (1)
18.1.3 Calculate the gradient of GZ. (2)
18.1.4 Write down the coordinates of the midpoint of GZ. (1)
18.1.5 Determine the equation of the line that is the perpendicular
bisector of GZ. (3)
18.1.6 Show that the line in QUESTION 18.1.5 and straight line VZ
intersect at W. (2)
18.2 The circle defined by (𝑥 + 2)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 25 has centre M, and the circle
defined by (𝑥 − 1)2 + (𝑦 − 3)2 = 9 has centre N.

18.2.1 Show that the circles intersect each other at two distinct points. (6)
18.2.2 Determine the equation of the common chord. (3)
[23]
In the diagram, M is the centre of the circle passing through T(3 ; 7), R and S(5 ; 2). RT is a
diameter of the circle. K(𝑎 ; 𝑏) is a point in the 4th quadrant such that KTL is a tangent to
the circle at T.
19.1 Give a reason why 𝑇𝑆̂𝑅 = 90° (1)

19.2 Calculate the gradient of TS. (2)
19.3 Determine the equation of the line SR in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (3)
1 2 1
19.4 The equation of the circle above is (𝑥 − 9)2 + (𝑦 − 6 ) = 36 .
2 4
19.4.1 Calculate the length of TR in surd form. (2)

19.4.2 Calculate the coordinates of R. (3)
19.4.3 Calculate sin R. (3)
19.4.4 Show that 𝑏 = 12𝑎 − 29. (3)
19.4.5 If TK = TR, calculate the coordinates of K. (6)

[23]

In the diagram, the circle, having centre T(0 ; 5), cuts the 𝑦-axis at P and R. The line through
P and S(−3 ; 8) intersects the circle at N and the 𝑥-axis at M. NS = PS. MT is drawn.
20.1 Give a reason why TS ⊥ NP. (1)
20.2 Determine the equation of the line passing through N and P in the form
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (5)
20.3 Determine the equation of the tangents to the circle that are parallel to the 𝑥-axis. (4)
20.4 Determine the length of MT. (4)
20.5 Another circle is drawn through the points S, T and M. Determine, with reasons,
the equation of this circle STM in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (5)
[19]
In the diagram below, circle with centre C and with equation 𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 = 12
̂Y = α
cuts the 𝑦-axis at A. BA is a tangent to the circle. B lies on the 𝑥-axis. BA
Determine:
21.1 The coordinates of C. (5)
21.2 The coordinates of A. (4)
21.3 The equation of BA. (5)
21.4 The size of 𝛼, rounded off to ONE decimal digit. (3)
[17]

In the diagram, P(−4 ; 5) and K(0 ;−3) are the end points of the diameter of a circle with
centre M. S and R are respectively the 𝑥- and 𝑦-intercept of the tangent to the circle at P.
𝜃 is the inclination of PK with the positive 𝑥-axis.
22.1 Determine:
22.1.1 The gradient of SR. (4)
22.1.2 The equation of SR in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (2)
22.1.3 The equation of the circle in the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (4)
22.1.4 ̂R
The size of PK (3)
22.1.5 The equation of the tangent to the circle at K in the form
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (2)
1
22.2 Determine the values of 𝑡 such that the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑡 cuts the circle at
2
two different points. (3)
22.3 Calculate the area of ∆SMK. (5)

[23]

In the diagram, PKT is a common tangent to both circles at K(𝑎 ; 𝑏). The centres of both circles
1
lie on the line 𝑦 = 𝑥. The equation of the circle centred at O is 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 180.
2
The radius of the circle is three times that of the circle centred at M.
23.1 Write down the length of OK in surd form. (1)
23.2 Show that K is the point (−12 ; −6). (4)

23.3 Determine:
23.3.1 The equation of the common tangent, PKT, in the form
𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 (3)
23.3.2 The coordinates of M. (6)
23.3.3 The equation of the smaller circle in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)
23.4 For which value(s) of 𝑟 will another circle, with equation 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑟 2 ,
intersect the circle centred at M at two distinct points? (3)
23.5 Another circle, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 32𝑥 + 16𝑦 + 240 = 0, is drawn. Prove by
calculation that this circle does NOT cut the circle with centre M(−16 ; −8) (5)
[24]
In the diagram below, a circle with centre M(5 ; 4) and radii AM and MB cut the 𝑥-axis at
A and B, with A the point closest to the origin.
24.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (3)
24.2 Determine the coordinates of A and B. (4)
24.3 Determine the equations of tangents to the circle from a point P with points of
contact A and B. (6)
24.4 Calculate the coordinates of P. (5)
24.5 ̂ B.
Calculate the size of AM (6)
[24]

In the figure , the straight line 𝑦 = 2𝑥 – 4 and the circle (𝑥 − 6)2 + (𝑦 + 2)2 = 25
intersect at A and B(3; 2). P is the centre of the circle and APC is the diameter. Also R is
the 𝑥 - intercept of line BC and S is the 𝑥 -intercept of AB.
25.1 Write down the coordinates of the centre of the circle, P. (2)
25.3 Determine the equation of the line BC. (4)
25.4 Determine the equation of the circle with centre R and passing through B and C. (5)
25.5 Show that AC ∥ SR. (5)
[18]

In the diagram, the equation of the circle with centre F is (𝑥 − 3)2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = 𝑟 2 .
S(6 ; 5) is a point on the circle with centre F. Another circle with centre G(𝑚 ; 𝑛) in the
4th quadrant touches the circle with centre F, at H such that FH : HG =1 : 2. The point J
lies in the first quadrant such that HJ is a common tangent to both these circles. JK is a
tangent to the larger circle at K.
26.1 Write down the coordinates of F. (2)

26.2 Calculate the length of FS. (2)
26.3 Write down the length of HG. (1)
26.4 Give a reason why JH = JK. (1)

26.5 Determine:
26.5.1 The distance FJ, with reasons, if it is given that JK = 20. (4)
26.5.2 The equation of the circle with centre G in terms of 𝑚 and 𝑛 in
the form (𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 . (1)
26.5.3 The coordinates of G, if it is further given that the equation of
tangent JK is 𝑥 = 22. (7)

[18]
PV, PL and VL are tangents to the circle, centre A(2 ; −1) at Q, R and N respectively. The
coordinates of Q and R are (−6 ; −7) and (10 ; −7) respectively. The inclination of PL is
𝛽 and PV is 𝛼.
27.1 Calculate the length of AQ. (2)

27.2 Write down the equation of the circle whose centre is A in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 (2)
27.3 Calculate the gradients of :

27.3.1 QP. (2)
27.3.2 PR. (2)
27.4 Determine the equation of:
27.4.1 QP. (2)
27.4.2 PR. (2)
27.5 27.5.1 Calculate the coordinates of P. (4)
27.5.2 Express 𝑃̂ in terms of 𝛼 and 𝛽. (2)

sin(𝛼 − 𝛽) 24
27.5.3 If tan(𝛼 − 𝛽) = , show that tanP = . (4)
cos(𝛼 − 𝛽) 7
[22]
In the diagram, T is the centre of two concentric circles. The larger circle has equation
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 4𝑦 + 2𝑥 − 27 = 0. The smaller circle touches the straight line 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 5 at
point B. BD is a tangent to smaller circle T. D is the 𝑥-intercept of the straight line. C is a

point on the larger circle such that TBC is a straight line.
28.1 Calculate the coordinates of T. (4)
28.2 Show that equation of TB is given by 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 3. (3)

28.3 Calculate the coordinates of B. (3)
28.4 Determine the equation of the smaller circle in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 . (3)
28.5 Calculate the area of quadrilateral OTBD. (7)

[20]

In the diagram, a circle having centre M touches the 𝑥-axis at A(−1 ; 0) and the 𝑦-axis at
1 3
B(0 ; 1). A smaller circle, centred at N(− ; ), passes through M and cuts the larger circle
2 2
at B and C. BNC is a diameter of the smaller circle. A tangent drawn to the smaller circle at
C, cuts the 𝑥-axis at D.
29.1 Determine the equation of the circle centred at M in the form
(𝑥 − 𝑎)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑏)2 = 𝑟 2 . (3)
29.2 Calculate the coordinates of C. (2)
29.3 Show that the equation of the tangent CD is 𝑦 − 𝑥 = 3. (4)
29.4 Determine the value of 𝑡 for which the line 𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑡 will NOT touch or cut
the smaller circle. (3)
29.5 The smaller circle centred at N is transformed such that point C, is translated
along the tangent to D. Calculate the coordinates of E, the new centre of
smaller circle. (3)
29.6 If it is given that the area of quadrilateral OBCD is 2𝑎2 square units and
√7
𝑎 > 0, show that 𝑎= units. (5)
2
[20]

p2 Gr12 Analytical Geometry - P Exam

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ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY

 𝒅𝑨𝑩 = √(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐 If given two points.

If square both side, yield…

(𝒅𝑨𝑩 )𝟐 = (𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟏 )𝟐 + (𝒚𝟐 − 𝒚𝟏 )𝟐

→ If given 𝒅𝑨𝑩 = 𝟑√𝟓 , 𝑨(𝟐 , 𝒂) , 𝑩(−𝟏; −𝟒) calculate 𝒂

 Determine the midpoint

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 2

Equation of the line AB

Equation of the line AB

M(–2 ; –1) are collinear.

𝒎𝑨𝑩 = 𝒎𝑩𝑪 = 𝒎𝑨𝑪

4. EQUATION OF THE LINE

a) Need gradient + another point

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 3

➢ 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝒎 where m is the gradient.

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 4

1.2 Determine the coordinates of A. (2)

1.3 Determine the equation of the line AB. (5)

1.4 Calculate the length of BQ. (3)

1.5 Show that ΔBPQ is isosceles. (2)

1.6 If PBQR is a rhombus, determine the coordinates of R. (3)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 5

2.1 Determine the gradient of the line CD. (5)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 6

3.1 Calculate the gradient of:

3.2 Calculate the size of DĈB. (3)

show that 𝑏 = 2𝑎 + 1 (4)

3.6 Hence calculate TWO possible values of 𝑏 if GC = √17 (6)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 7

4.2 Determine the coordinates of M, the midpoint of PR. (2)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 8

5.1 Determine the coordinates of C. (2)

5.2 Calculate the length of CA. (3)

5.3 Write down the value of tan 𝜃. (1)

5.4 Show that the gradient of AB is −2. (2)

5.5 Determine the coordinates of A. (6)

Simplify your answer. (5)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 9

of BD with the 𝑥-axis at E is 𝛼. The angle of inclination of AD with the 𝑥-axis at F is 𝛽.

6.1 Calculate the gradient of AD. (2)

BC in the form: 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0. (3)

6.5 6.5.1 Calculate the size of 𝛽. (2)

Show ALL calculations to justify your answer. (2)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 10

7.1 Calculate the coordinate of M. (2)

7.2 Calculate the gradient of BC. (2)

7.3 Determine the equation of the line AD in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)

7.4 ̂ C. Show ALL calculations.

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 11

8.1 Calculate the gradient of AD. (2)

8.2 Determine the equation of BC in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐. (3)

8.3 Determine the coordinates of point F. (2)

8.4 Show that 𝛼 = 48,37°. (4)

8.5 Calculate the area of ΔDCF. (6)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 12

9.1.2 The equation of PT in the form 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 . (2)

9.1.3 The distance PS in surd form. (3)

9.1.4 The coordinates of T. (2)

9.2 Determine the coordinates of R. (2)

9.3 Calculate the area of ΔPTR. (4)

BY MR M. SHABALALA @NOMBUSO Page 13

midpoint of AB. CA extended cuts the 𝑦-axis at D. The equation of CD is 𝑦 = −3𝑥 + 𝑘.

10.1 Determine the value of 𝑘. (2)