First

Responder

Presentation Title: The Disaster Environment

Module: 2.1

Presenter/Instructor: Add presenters name here

Coordination Saves Lives

 First
Responder
The Disaster
Environment

Introduction to the
Disaster Environment

Coordination Saves Lives

Introduction to the Disaster Environment
Learning Outcomes

§ Understand the consequences of disaster

upon the urban environment
§ Identify main building types and
characteristics when involved in collapse
§ Identify basic types of collapse
Introduction to the Disaster Environment
Brief Facts:
§ The urban environment is growing
§ More people around the globe live in cities and
towns
§ Threat levels are increasing
§ Cannot prevent or minimise incidents
§ Larger numbers of casualties and more damage
Examples of disasters affecting the urban
environment:
Natural Accidental Deliberate
Earthquake Train crash Explosion
Flood Collapsed building Terrorism
Tsunami Plane crash
Fire - forest Fire - urban
Landslide Chemical release
Volcano
Typhoon or
Hurricane
Impact of disasters on the urban environment:
§ Casualties – dead and injured
§ Damage and destruction to the infrastructure
§ Disruption of the public utilities
§ Environmental damage
§ Economic damage
§ Sociological damage
§ Disruption to normal life
What is the urban environment:
§ Buildings
§ Bridges, tunnels and viaducts
§ Roads, railways and airports
§ Dams, canals, water treatment facilities
§ Powerlines, pipelines and over-ground utilities
§ Underground railways and utilities
§ Ports, piers and dock facilities
What is the urban environment:
Building Construction
² Un-reinforced masonry, mud brick
² Light timber or bamboo frame
² Reinforced masonry
² Concrete framed
² Monolithic concrete – precast sections
Each type of construction often collapses in
predicted ways, leaving recognised patterns of
hazards and opportunities for survival
Collapse Patterns:
§ Lean-to
§ Cantilever
§ Pancake
§ V-type
§ A-frame
Lean-to or supported:
§ Floor/wall connection
at one end fails
§ Debris supported by
the remaining wall
§ Large but unstable
voids
§ Victims in voids
Cantilever or hanging:
§ Floor is supported at
one end only
§ Strongest part next to
the remaining wall
§ Debris are very
unstable
§ Victims may be
uninjured but not able
to get down
Pancake or total collapse:
§ Floor/wall connections
fail at both ends
§ Debris impact onto
floors below causing
further collapse
§ Fairly stable
§ No or few voids
§ Not very survivable
V-type collapse:
§ Floor fails in the
centre – mid-span
§ Fairly stable
§ Victims found in small
voids below the floor
§ Victims found in the
debris on top of the
floor
A-frame or tent collapse:
§ Floor/wall connections
fail at both ends
§ Interior load bearing
wall or girder remains
intact
§ Fairly stable
§ Victims found in small
voids below the floor
Structural collapse realities:
§ It is common for more than one type of collapse
pattern to be present
§ Often, walls and floors fail catastrophically
§ Often, there is both lateral and vertical
displacement
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