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    7 views177 pages

    PSA Class Notes-1

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    Samsung Tablet

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Single Line Diagham Gy Dhaw the impedance diagnam of #he poweh system Ahown in Figune, Babe value 3 as Thanstoy men voltage changes. - Mel?) oi Base value Th Line v7 7 ae > ppm} >Mi Me 5 33 > 33 7 Baur BBRV 6" 2 Veg 62 val ) Le Zpu = Z2@)~* OVA)g Keke ( Bi (Rete xe 2 New A ond Now Wy oi 1 Gent > Xpuley) = 16 * 32 = 0-396 pu (e (end > XpulGay) = +2 x 30 = 0+936 pu ra(>) ey fren ? %pu (tz) = 0-56 x 30 = O-43F pu (6-2) b> Transformer! > Xpu(T,)= 1542 * 30. sou) gp ee G3) Reackanee(XJ from hig (shai Side» Se, Bake kV. __Xalbo _fpom UT Side- Thansformen 2 > Xyy(Te) = 16 x 30 = o-yy pu (33)? S Transmission » Xpu (Th Line) = 205% 30 = 0-564 pu Line &pP > Load Tod is Represents by R & X> Loadh » Vpu = Achat Volhege - 44 _ tua aa Base Voltage. 14 Active foweh Pou = YO 2 $+33 pu 30 Cosh + Siw = 4b Cosh = 09 sits © cake . Sing = O'436 Reactive Powet Op = Ptad = — «x Sng Qpu Pu cad = [33% ous = O6uSe a} [+33-— JO61S2 206084 +9 0-29S4 aa he Zaeu) = —_—r——E—E EE a = 40 -J 40 cof o-3 a CoS (0-3) = 0-45 10 a ) Radian Yo — Gyo x oslo oO 20 | 2.0 eee 123-— JO-s6ol8 ZpQaye 0-62.42 +029 22 Vv Vv New = G8 = ere 6d Refine foudd yy = Ye 188 30 cosh = 0°95 Sind = 05264 Reactive pond [Gl = Pent | Qou = bu a Sind CoS > = 4-999 x OS262 O8S o-g253 Ze (4.065) mre eT S —Jo.s253 Teg 0-614 + Jo0-221 | | | | | | i | | | Yo — J yo cosas SNe ttieet tise netted 30 = (4065)” Ee citi eee 39 = J xhszn 05548 es Radian valve 33 — Jo.a3 ae Feog 06522 +)0+36 19 The Jo-396 E, |mpedance di agh am douse 4 Jo-my = jo-4y Q) fon the poweh sytem hon in Figure, by daking- genenaby if rating as base values, specify the bate values of the transmission Line and mote cincuit. 4OMVA, 25 KV 4o mvA, SebbFnyY je ORY Esany, 25 KV 10 KV ae ya 33/220KV 220/11 KV 35 MVA 3oMvA Aswil « Selected Base Value Prom (nenenaton Racting- Base kV(kV),= 25%V Base MVA(MVA), = 4OMVA Transformer voltage chan & Base valve changes as rhansfes Bs ; ae 7 wr WW. Melt vty | 0 oy Up ie rare cre gt Ne Ve) | a iy 2 ee 166-68. Yi wd BBs 25 ate ae | 2 ge tee 9-33 e/ a | 220 ne [Mage beF RY] > Whee haze 2 A 120MVvA, 19-5 kV genehason has a Agnchnonous feactance of O1Spu and it fg connected to: a #hansmission Line through a khansformen hated 150MvA, 230/18 kV(Y/A) with X= O-f pus @ Calculate the pu ‘neactances by taking genehatch nating. ab bale values- ‘ (v) Calculate she pu Neacdances by taking. Pans fépmen nating. as bate values: (Calculate the pu treactances by 4 base value of 100 MVvA and 220 kV on HT CHiph “Ue nd side of fnansformen + gent @ fh 420MVvA ISS kV ana paca 230/19 KV X= O-Lpu @ Generar rasingn aS base valucs- Bate MVAP(MVAg = 120 mvA , Base KV3(kV)g= 19°5 Since ids pu neackance Reackanae of gencnatena] xp (a) = 0-15 pu | fnswodd New pu heactance of thandfohmer i; XpulT) = Xpyload x (VB p, new Ife] kV)e new the genenadoh natings ane chaen as bate values, wilh not change- (vAdg, old lame | ES Gey Xpult) = O-06816 PA) fase bake values Bate MvAg(MVA), = gore wale D Thansfonmeh aking is selected as 4So mua 18 kV 2. inom, B-Sey (20 mvA 150 mvA, sey aa ney = OF Ip 222 (pga Hw kv on erie te. Since the tnawstonmen rating ahe chosen as bate values, it pu eackance will not change - Reactance of Trans finmen > frswd yey *——~Texv gt & New pu neactance of genehatoh U7 1 oF Xpulls) = Xpulota) x leant «| Carats Pe =. 185 289 (MVA.g, old ee ey : Le = ONS x Fe] *[ 48] Xpula)= 0-22 PU] Angnep Selected base on HT Aide of Ahamfhmen i, eS Base MVA > (MVA)g = 100 MVA / Highovaliages Sete Base KV > (KV)p = 220 KV Thanet me In #his case the base values ahe neither genchasde ratings vepr| thansfopmeh nakings Hence both the pu neactances converted to newbuse; ® foo MvA Aj, toma ie MBs e——_1oo MWA _j santa, 1F +213 6V Qo oS a7 rays ISormvA If “280 1995 KV 220/18 KV y Ve xe orl5 pa x= o-1pu bret tees Y + Me) = = Vig 2. XpulT) = ort »[202-] xf 18 LT Side 150 14-217 = ont #f 100] x { 230) {So 220 Xeult) HT Sige = 0104286 pu I New pu neactance of pect ue F i . ora Kpulla) = o-15 sa fe] « [pes] 20 * arg Jby New pu heactance of gore Be = 001286 pu QD» Dhaw the heactance diagnam fon the Power Aystem thown | n Figutwe + Monk impedances in pu. Neglect nesistance ane Wea base of SOMVA, 138 KV in the Yom Line+ The hakings of gendhadoh, moth and thansfohmehs ahe_given below- J4o jie ont ae fh 2OMVA 138/20KV ro-(@) ¥y X= or 20 MvA, 18 KV, joa ha ae ase 15 MvA, ork WH x { if XpulTn tine) = 0-105 pu i. = U3)" _ 380-68 a 1 lb Reackance of. y Mhandfohmen ai pe ta a] 1a ¥ wo meus Vie. 20 ig ni asl ts me? Seay ee eae ae GrewhWe Nevo ra neactance of Thansfohmer Ty * Xpu Ch) Xmen) = cm Ones «(ey on LT Side [ah old Revi new 2 on xf $2] “[z]° Xp) = 0-25 pu 2. ly New pu neactance of henenath (i, ) ee lbp Reackance of Thansfohmen(Ts_) 7) = Rte =e ore 2B, ge > [ee new > New (Vp, Toads ae tes = 04 se] offs] = ov mfr eon] on LX Side ERG (DB New pu Reactance of j20 A Transmission Line (Wn = 13FeV Xpufta tine) = 2G) x (IVA) (VA), = So MA (kWe = 20 %50 = 00525 pu ie Kou Gn Lin = 00595 pu © > Ne 20. date Thansbormen | lagaelg_ 4g? 7 | prs, f—twou wv De Me Yi a Vag = 182 39 = 12-DKY | ute a og “188 ‘ New (ev)fiowars Mofo = 13+ KY oR New (kWe of Te founds LT Site = 13-P RV New, ri Xu Cs) 2 on x [ae] [iat ae OW LT Side is 358, 2 fie} on we 2 - 1p Cs) = 0-333 ts) = ol x (52) | 1221 = 6. reece Ge] Le eet |e ae = LD New pu heactanice of Synchmonous Mohn (Ms (Vg new= 50 — yew = 138 se)= oe]: [BAY ome iron td Reactance of Te, 7g, Ty, and Go | eae Se gual, ahaa The Mangfonmeh “TE is identical thod-of “E+ Hence pu reactance of Ts and % ohe same- = The thantfohmen Ty, Ty, Ty ane identical - pul) = xpultJ= “pula )= Matty The qenehabh br. ie Taentecal be Aha of G+ Xp len) = Hee" Gy), & Reackance diagnam 4) A Y-A,2-thase +thansfonmen bank Jf fonmed using thie numbers of l-phase transformer each hated at ZookVA, 194/13.0 V+ what {6 the kVA and KV hating of the 3-phate - ba 2 tlt [Ys i» Vow] [eR r4] pos «VA nasing. & 3-phase tnamphmeh = 3x 300 = 400 kVA Line voltage of YY- connected winding = 3% 10% = 219-94 KV = 220 KV Line voldage of A- connected winding = 13-2 KV + The nato of tine voltage of 3-phate transformer bank =220 - 1274) 5) A SooMvA, 0K, 3¢ genenaton hat a subshantient heacdance of 20%- The genehator Aupplies 2 Aynchnonous motos #hnough a 64xm thanmitsion Line having- ¢nansfonmens at both ends af Shown jn Figunes In #hit, Tb a 3g tnansformeh and TG ls made of B Single phase Anansfonmen of habing 100MVA, 194/13-2KV, 107 peackance. Senies neactance of the Ahanmdmidtion Line if 0-5 Amy Draw khe neactance diagram with alk neactances ynarked in pu; Select the generator nating. @A bake vValuede ye i 50-5 -/km ii aac MvA ay pee ae eo 20% 20/230 KV 124/13-2%Y 10% Lon fivdw Selected Base MvA, (mvs), = 300 MVA Base KV, (kWp = 20KV b> New Reactence of henenah’ » 2oomvA ea e «eV LOOMVA 13-2 kV 20% Since #he genenabh ‘rating. ad the bate values are Same, Me genehadh pu heactances dees not change- xpi"Ga) = 20% = 0-2 Pu \ | ig Eee (D New Reactance of Thanskhmen > Oks KIM) = Xrated xf OVAG, new ]x{ We. aR. te fsa Irvalg, old J ! new %pu oO . ot x [ae] cas 20-0854 ju (LT Side) a Xpu (hd = ont x [300 230" Sic s ae (HT Side) 350, ib Reactance of “Thansmission Line » Se Ce SAN A deta Reactance of #ansmission Line = 0-5 f-/km («V)g = 230 KV OVA = 300 mua ® Tefal neactance of thanAmission Line = O-5x64 = Z2A Xpu Cte Line) = XA) x Wp = 32 x 300 = Opis pu kV) 230) — : Bake Impedance = (Bate Ky)? ae (Wh fi (2.20)" ee Base Mvp Pig 300 XpulTn Line)= Actual neacdance _ 32 zon 30 = 0.15 pu Base heackance 146-33 (220)* wll " iD New Reactance of Trans fonmee Ta. 2 The dnansthmen Th ih 4 3-phate thantftnen bank fhmed usin Hee numbers of Single phase fhancfonmeht with volkage. rating. \24/tg0 KV > In Hig the high voltage Aisle I Adah connected and Jow - voltage Alde if delta connected- The Phanehhmation natio (voltage. hatig) of dine voldage of 3 phite gnansfomen bank = YFx 12 _ 219-94 = 220 Bae 22 + 2 of =e 13-2 12.2 13-2 Vigr ror H oe* $ spine 4 ene Se eo ee 232 SVyg = 230x122] i Vy Ye 132 (ag fase wil My Xp tie) = Ort *[ 30° 2907]. pu (= x [22°] = 0-08149 pu (UT Side) Bx 100 230 = s Xpu Ge) 1 Xpte) = 0 x [302] x [12] 09-0814 pa latsiwe) [B00 | 13-8 > New Reactance of motor 4 (Wg ew 13-8 KV -— Mate Side sae new = Boomva 3h" Eig ie | eee Wtnwye ove xf Be) « FBS)” ofoerusea] new Hu d= A a= | “ [22] -eee al w Reactance diagham > 7 tine: Te Jo-0357 jougis jo-oss Jon 5 Joys Jo-syg pain : Daw the neactance diagham for the poweh sytem eo simon in fig Negleck ‘esistance and ube a bade of 4oomvA, 220KV jn SOA Line» The hatings of the genehadoh, motor and thansformeh ahe given belaw- ? ote oY we we ren chdth: YomvA, 25 kV, x"= 20% Synchronous mon: SOMVA, $1 eV, x's B0% Y-Y Travsfonmen : HoMvA, 33/220KY x= 15% Y- 4 Trav fermen + ZoMvA, 11/220 kV X= 15% ‘[IES-2001] impedance of a circuit element Ifthe base KV and base MVA are J, then the new value of the pecunit ofthe circuit element willbe (@) 0075 (©) 018 0.030 (6) 060, lEs-2002) ‘18. The perunit impedance of an alternator ‘eartesponding to base values 18 2kV and 0MVA is 0.2 pu. The pu. value of the ‘impedance for base values 19.8 KV and 50 MVA in p.u. willbe (@ 0131 (©) 0226 (0.0306 (@ 0.364 {1€s-2002] 41.4. Foragiven base voltage andi base voltamp. the per unitimpedance value of an element “is X. What will be the per-unit impedance “value of this element when the voliage and -valt-amp bases are both doubled? {1€s-2004] 416 Tho direct axis reactance Xq Of & synohroncus generator is givenas 0.4 4 based on the generator's name plate rating of 10k\, 75 MIVA, The base for calculation ie (1 KV, 100 MVA, What is the pu value of X,on the new base? (@) 0279 (© 0412 (p) 0578 @ 044 {IES-2005] 44.7. InaS-phase, Sk¥,.5 MVA system, what is the base impedance? (@) Schms (©) S0ohms (c) 000hms (@) 0.5 ohm. {IES-2008) 41.8 The per unit value of a 40 resistor at 100 MVA base and 10 kV base voltage is (@) 2pu. (©) 4pu. (© 04pu. (6) 40 pu. {lEs-2012) 11.4 For the; wer sysiem shown ne figure BE. the specications of he components ae te (2010: 2, following: 41.5 A single-phase star connected load ig G1:25 kV, 100MVA,X=9% powerata vottage of 0.9 pu. and 0.8 pope - | G2: 25 KV, 100 MVA, X= 9% lagging. The three-phase base power 4. current are 100 MVA and 437.3 Kast 11 25 KV/220 KV, SOMVA, X= 12% Te: 220 KVI25 kV, 9D MVA, X = 12% The line-to-fine load vohage in kV is Line 4 : 200 kV, X= 150 ohms Pec @® Node Equations and Bus Admittance Mathir (Yous) The meeting point of vaniou components ina poueh System is Called bus,( Practically , the element uled #0 connect one conponent- 40 anothen is called bud). The bus oh bus ban Lf @ conduct madeof coppeh oh aluminium having. negligible nesistance: Hence the bus bah wilt have zerd Vol kage dnop when it conducts the Hated curent-+ Thenephe the bufed ane contidened a6 palit of condstawt volkage ina powen Sydtem Bus admittance matiix CYeus) fran n-but power Aytem ib a Apahe mathin oF Alize (xh) - Yous Can be obtained through the following. method: ) Dinect inspection method 2 Skep- by-Atep pheceduhe D Singulah Ahansfhmasion methoal uy) Non- Aingulan #nansfonmasion method . @ Nodal Admittance matnie (Yous) => [Dingct ee) | eano. | Considen a 3-bus Aystem: & Popp Kinchoffis ey dav (kel) a nade L Fe Ty + + Ty, Mtr tM) Hi, + (UM) Fig =Mhit Mi Wa, ty fig —%e hg ad VU + Ys +459) baer — Vs Yq t Vt MY, + Me Ye cant wees N= Ft Yat tig Hehe yb the shunt chingip pe cae admittance ak bud | and ghoun Mec ae bo te Node be Tre Ty, + Too + Tog (o-Y) Foy +S Yay + (Y-Ve) 7 ON Yan + Cha + Yaa Hig) — Ve a T= Web) ty (Yat Ya +g) +5 (-%_) Ny whthe: Yue yy, Yea = —the Yop = Yai t too the \ bb AE Node 3: Whtre, These vodal equations an be utitten in a matnin fonm at follauts sia (ee []° Leo tm Saeco Tye Sy + Tan + Tag Ut + Ue) tas + Mate OM Pan Ma Yan $M (gy + a) Te? Mt) ty C¥in) + Vs Chart Yn + 4) ---@ Yer? —t 5) Yeo" Yea 5 Yaa = Yay +Yzo + Fg a Ni ie es v Tr compact form BN Moe Xe Mes #3 Nau “Pon Wo eud SyaFe @ obsemation fre Yau MOMK: S.-%ou Vs | a, = Nexes Dn Presence of vnudual coupltm Gel De ey a ae 4 <,_inépectfon_methed Falls. Yous id @ kquahe matin of AizeCnxn> for _methed falls Yous HU % Apamediic matin (ie, Yige Vga), if there it ne phase Ahitking/ egulating. of Francfonmens-[Neusl lava Diagonal ehemenks Yi, 1S called! the self admittance of diving polrt admittance of vede Lana u eal 4 the algebraic Aum of all the admittance connected fe that bud. The off-diagonal elements Yi, | the muduak admi-Hance ch Khansfen admittance between viode i andj and & equals to fhe Negative of the admittance annected between she pubes The off-diagonal elemenks Yij=Y5;=0, if thehe JA no connection between buses jand Ge mide naytbeh of size po j ade se off diagonak Naw fr a large-size power sydern UU very AP fs off diagonoh aoe Zena @) By Dinect Inspection Method | a = Mase |i Ye ie, al You Noo Yy Yar Yao tas Li T* a Y i Yio + Iie thy avis: aie why ‘tao +t ag eae Ya ~ be Fin te, +4, Tae Tot Farts Fase hott ttis + Voge Mo = Yor = “Hid Yig = Nay = ig 5 a Yeas - The diagonah clemenkt of the Yo, methin cay be abdel the admittances of all the clements connected at that bus The off diagonek clement between avy. uo bused 11 th pee ~ Ravisloncatmccncen note two usd nodes al sien Fo + ty t ten 4a ned by adding. | G® A Single Line Diagnam RephesevAntion of 3-Bus Power System Nedwehk + Th Line = Thansmission Line [oe a 3-bus poweh system nedwehk - Tn powen Flow SsAvdies, encase ane nephedented at @ compher poweh Soul (Sui) OSeaj is S Represented as: ae ? Sore Rp tA Gu; Wkehe Saaz = complen. poweh genehated atthe jt bus oF, 7 > aghase complenh power Flowing ive the iM bus. Cai = fedive powers genenates at the iM bus | Gui = Reactive powetd generated at she ith bud | © Loads ahe hepnesented by a complex numben Spf as: = Oe cea Oe 5 aa Soy = Poi +3 Ooi +359, ; a Spi = Complen poweh demand/Joad at the iM bus OR B-phase complex oad poweh Flowing out of the 1 bus Poi + Qa; = Achive and Reactive powens demanded atthe j** bud & A each bus the genenat ard Joad powek can be combined Ao that the net Z-phate powen injected into the ith bus S; B Are diffenence of Sy att Say - Tndnefore Sp = Seq — So = Cot + 18 eq) — (Pai +3 Sox) (Gat = ®t) + 4 (Gas ~Gax) St Pp Qi = compen power, active poweh and heackive power hespectvely ingected at the j* bus. | Nok€ : Thansmistion Lines ahe nephtsented ata TT-neswng with senies admidtances and two half dine changing admithances- The Line connecting louses Zand kis qeppetendes! asa TT-netwonk a4 Ahown in Figuie: ear J t* e 2 a & The injected custrerts iin t&ims of voltages and admittances Can be whithen by the applying Kinchoffig cunhend Law sto the dhee nodes a4 follows: T= Y te +U-v2) Mp + Mts + (M-¥9) Ye 2 = (Ye + tet ay *4s) TM tig — Ve Hig aul 4 i 2° NUS hy) “hE + 4G) 3 i ee Bo nage s ie ' Nb Gin + (e-V1) Yin + ME Yh + Wavy) 5 2 Zz = 1 1 Le VC%e) a V,.( te + Yat 1 SE TR TED ha) + Va( by) You ye Y 2 At Node ZB: ee < “3 % lla aa ‘8 be + (4%) tog as FM ig Ve he + wh + tigt the Ea) * VCs) Gt SC a na Ty,Ty,T, Can be written in the ae set de +4 + Yo +%g ~ Fn, -%p ri Beery, ; In| = -te te 443 +h t thy aS ¥ 2 Bigy, ; i, hs ane Beta ZW By, | q, to + Ya +Yig hy a . = |= - te ho +4 they os “ I, “he ts te Hira | v, 1G one Line diagnam of a 4-Bus system ib Ahowm in Fue. aaw ith Equivalent cincwt and fom Ygus * © E & BpPhy KCL in alk 4 nodes ad follows: bewdet a2 y % + Uta + Me +My) ig hev( te Ye +43 4 +n + ty) Vota —Vatis ae ne Fin a Ye) + Eh) ca Yas) ‘ af Me nal Te vy te +A) a ANG the + (VirVs) eg + Yo tay +Gw)ay 2 =, res Ah ths he ty ha) —W ta, “Va tag — Vy hy Ley Cha) oa Were heey +V,(- (%s) + Vy (- (hy) rene Teles Se Nn “Moa. oe SS i , +Ws-v.) 4, +V; Ky T= Vy to + (No) %g + a tas 3 TV y, ty tn + (2-4) a5 = \5( th + hae 22 ti +S Hy) Whe No ig — Vy tay a ‘tig + Fay) + Vy — Tas as fa) +V5 (th thay Seley, Bey (4-5) Yay + a tay hag = You + hy +4) —V3 Yay —Vy. es ray ue Big 3 tay = Ma sy +v, C (%y) + oa ‘us Noy Tita 3g ,7, wnitten in the mathi fonm ad: 5, Sette tty tp “Yig ° |fy, at he hott thethy bs by Vy Ta ~ hs wha troHhsths ta ty Va Ty oO hy ~ tay Ret Fatty ‘J ms ALLE bud aft! main opin ln a A unre crear Wndhuey SIP hinidience ts Bi) | % Ya Ya Wa \[Y) Sete tha rhy ae sy =| Mav You Yes You |) Nag = Fhe that tis tty ahs S| Yar Yan Yas Yay! |vy | Yaa = thoths tag Hay See oda pa [Me Me A Yell Narva ee, We WE 1-2 O-109%- Joo 14 0:20 % -Jo-20 2-3 0-25 >-j 0-25 a-4 0:50 2-9 O-S0 3-1 0-40 o-Joyo Ce 0:50 deJjo-So Do a =| wi Yn Yo Ty Ye Yon Yes Yay Yar Yao Yas Yay Ya Yan Yes Yoy 2 -Coass) =[6253]) Now = Neo. = “Foy = —(-da-50) = WS eye lap = QL: The admitiances between the vahious buses ina pouch § ane given in dhe gable. Obdsain the ‘eu mast: Buses Admittances in fu Yu tot tatths thy = 0 +(-o405) +(-0-4 09) + (-1 o-10j— 0-4Yo5— 0-205 Yo = Yur = the = -(-Jo-o) = Ys? Yara Yoo = Yoo + Yay + tat toy O= 0105 — 30-25 ~3 050 sx 8 y v = dy + dai thee t toy You? Yoo 0 + (dows) +(-Jo-25) +(-J 0-59) | =O40j—o-25j-oS0oG = | Sig ‘Fo + By; + Bia +s = = 0 —Jo-20—Joso—Jos0 7 NE He —o-Fogj old o-4oj 0.209 ‘i o-}oj 0853 0-253 0-503 wi o-4e§ 0-259 —bes5) 0-509 | O+20jF —O+50J —O-S0j 204 | | Noxe: | Tn a pune imaginary Ye,, matnix, the diagonal elements ane —ve | (eegative) imaginary ane non -diaganal elemenbs ave ve (Positive) | : i ‘ The diagonal elements of each node JA the sum of the anna | connected fo [4+ ‘ awe The off-diagonal elemertt Ja the negated admittance between the nodes. Howeven, it can be Seen that the Aum of the elements in each column of | adwitilance meat rin umm ates ts which means that viodal odmithance pe aes ete ara oe ven ‘now of the madthin. ane Llnedy-depenserd- QD Determine YY, matnin fon the nekudhk Shawn below: Pe Ye %y | @ Bus Yay Yi Nos fury, o 4 Na Yoo Ysy ® nae jos= dsa3 | [des 3333 ja33 Na = Yas Hy = st = 33-33 33:33 US j6-63 Jos i ; ‘ : . 26 UF Se ye ee ig er 3333 3668 23 ~ V3. 73 Joris Jaw Nye fe tte +¥ig = De +t 4 Ss 515-64 Noo = too + Fay + tog = og = tre + Fg +4) = JF 4b te et fonm the YL, uding the data given below. so aie 7 Hat changin: ‘i Bus Code| ampefance {-2 OS+) 0% |j0-02 —> t= Y= Jo0r 2-3 | O24 Jj06 | 50-0255 4% = 43, = J0-025 0-03 = 3, = 43 = j0-03 4-5 | 0-28+9015| 30-05 > y5 = 44 = Jo-os B-S | 0-16 +§0-22) Jo-01 > ¥5 = 43 = Go-01 - 0-8 + 30-4 | Jo- a 1-5 a 0-005 >y5. yt = j0-005 a he hos =the Jo-02 do-o Zar O-S+do-t Fgnose+ Jos s oe % Since S(five) nodes/bused ate phetent- i Me “te me Ve { .) Note > Line chan 1 Yon “os Yoy “og elements aire at x added 40 ae = Bs Yao Yes Ys, Yas the diagonal Xu Yoo Yes Yo Yos years Mer Na es Ne Ng= Mie Shae = —0-6457 + Jo0-34s3 oO: - + Jot Ng = Ye, =O Gero) Nou = Yay = 0 Bere) ‘ = —0+S51F + J 0-620 Ms = Yes 2 ~ His * eerie = St et 4 bon Joes Yue Sat tet ¥e +% Sean oes = 12244 —J 41-4966 So SxS matrix will be formed Yes Yoo 2 “Hg = =! __ = os +515 3 Ne O2+ Jog =e “Yes = Noo = 9 i 3 oo = tout tog + Yeo +4, i sgt + 3002 + Jo- os+d0-% O-2+J0°6 2 SES ome = 4-495%—J2-4yoog Ya =X, = —ly = =+ = -0-5 852 + 52-352. fy = Vg SH On + doy i" : YGs * Vea = Shy = ot y oO = —2-1602 +5 2-9425 O16 +J0+20 Yas = tas + Yay + +H 2 Me Yan a P3001 >See poor 4 je 2 ee + —t _— 410-03 +30025+ Joct ott doy O-24+30% 016+ Go-22 = B+2504 — 36.2609 = -2-F450 +5 14866 ear 1S aca 6:08 440-15 Na = Yee 5 N= Via t Bis + tt No eit 4 4 + 3003+ Jo-0s Of + Joy 0-28 + Jos = 3.2633 —J3-459¢ is z 4 Nes = Vert Yea t+ Mot %, + My + Mo st ae! eae 0-8 + Jorg O16 +5022 O28 +Jols = 5-U4gs9 —J5-0153 gaan -disses 0-647-450-9453 oO 0 4.90005 + Jo-o1 +50. —964SF4350-9459, 11454 —T2eHons aus QO = S404: 9504 J 6+7608 (—0-5822 |) (—2+1622. Bus 0 tees aout +jaras2y \+d2-942: 0 0 0-812. +5.23593 +3633 \/—2- mS — 3 asad tds fea) oo iaedeuiet 0 ~ 24224529999 (9.5450) (5. vs13) td tes96s ) ods « Ha) QD fanm the Cus admittance mathia by using the data given below: —— i a Line Impedance | Line chébging- Admittance Monee te 0-06 + Jo-04 | Jo-01 > 45 =H, = 40-005 canoe fm 0-08 +30-02 | Joos >ys=yLadooss * 2-3 Ol + Joo | S003 42 = yk =do-ols 2-4 0:05 + 30-06 | 50-06 = yi = 4% = Jo-os 3-4 0-95 +I045 (50-02 vs = He = dovot “a fr © ghivws ios, © Sy = 0-06 +30°04 0-08-+5 0-02 005+ ja-0g eh 8 u 23 @ “ & Say Since 4 nodes / buses ahe phesent- So 4x4 matrix will be -fommed. Ts Yo ‘ia ‘iy ye facts Ya ‘oo Yoa Noy ee Yet Yan. Yas Yay Nau Yoo. Ys Yo Mio = Moy 2 ~¥oy = eb en - be + 99-6923 0-06 + jo-0y Ma= Ya, = ~43) 2 —-b = te tye + guy 008+ 30-02 Yu = Ya = 0 @ebe) Mus tet tis tHe + tie st st + 90-005 + Jo-025 0-06 + Joroy O-0F + J 0-02 = 23-3032 —J 10-6085 = s-%, 6 2) = -pH pes = ines S01 + 30-07 ey Yay = N= Wey = = 81962 +9 98364 aoe 1” 6.05 +3.0-06 1 Nop = Yat tay thas t ot 4+ He, = 4 ego 4 5 s ee es J0-00S E 0.06 49-04 O05 3006 GOL + Jor0F ae +50-03+ 30085 21-4352 —J3 31-4784 uv a 2 j 4-46 You = Yyg2 7% = SH 2D GL HOVF =1 ia. 0-25 +9015 = 4 » * Yaz = tar t+ tao + Fay + 4g, + 4% + Hee mie Boog Infant sian ge tae DOR +G002 —-O-0L +] 0-07 0-25 +4045 = {G-F053 —d18-6559 @ ae Nay = Fyn + Fag t yo * Ko ee 005+ 30-06 025+ jois = 44379 —Jd 11-5608 +40-025-+ 30-015 + Jorol + Joo! + Jo-o3 | pgsor—Jlosess -t1eS3R5+)4-6923 —1499697-+G2-94 12. ° -ypesags 439-6923, 217352 —J abeasy -24914 81964 +9 9-8364 Nowe Hu.royatdoaue = 2+ diy 16-4059 -J18-6559 -2-94)0 + FL-464F | ow 0 81ST +I9e361 —2WSU2+ILASYR AEFI —T LL -S60F Fenmaxion & Yous using Step by Step Method Avsesle Formation A Neus oe tg —F _ by flddition of an elemenk of admittance y between the 1" ane ® Kt buses Zn gris ease, foun elements in the Yous , namely Ne Bena tee ae ead Yywes= Yel 24 Vite) = Yet give) = Vg Qe t Ven fe) = Niel) ey G Addition of an element of admittance 4 from bus i 40 groundl| 1 wilkony affect Yir+ Crefenence) In Kis case only the cliagonal. elemerat will be affected. Yi (new) = NYijetd) +¥ i BD DIS CUABION pases peo wil Ly Addition of Y,latteccs 5 ‘se YO = YO + %o wp auttion of hay bekweon bute Zenay Vistesl= Gey a a Naa Yay Yio? Yq new) = Yaslies) = YY (01d) — Ya oni ec Yayo) = Yuen) =¥,,0ld) — yy Nenioen) = Yd) + Yay |Iby Radi dion of Yio between the hefenence node Cynound) and bud 4 | Tw xis cabe, ony Vwi be affected {Like tagonal ement) Yyhew) ce Ye nay Yoo. ey) = Y,.Qld) + a Gpypetenmine Y, fin the five-bus system a4 shown in figute. Siwee 5S nodes/budes ate preter $0, 5%5 mati will be formed Tu “Me Mis Nw Yo You =| Yoo You Yas Yor ig Yat Yan Yes You Yes Ma Yen. Yes You Yos “ou Noo Yes Yoy Nes Y= = la -dy 4S Zus Jo-25 Soll 1_o.-d2 4 Fu | B05 vee ie =a5 Tot hy + hs Yio Yes = “Yn = JS = -js-de-ds Nig = Ye = vig = 0 = -di2 j = Tey r= ose =a) iS pone Mis =a * aa 234 Yea = Yan = ~Fig= SH Yo = Yoo. & hy = 8 Nas =Yen = -Yas = 0 \1? Yes = faa + &y | = -Jy — 33-33 = -34-+33 j Vey Nig = Hay 7 882 Nor = Fy + Yue + Hs “as = Yés = Ys = © = -do - 33-33 -a4 = 44-33 as Yor = “Has = 54 Yas = Yo; + Foy sd js 0 2 is i 5 3 “is G oi 2 = dsi=84 i ‘Yous = ia BG one ae oO = -39 42 O 33-33 -j9-33 34 a0 Oy Qu) b Tf the Line between buses 2and 5 with an impadance Jo-4 —~ is comected detchmine the modified bus ddmiddance mathin- fs. By addition of one new Line between buses 2and S- four ehainends Mon’ Vos Mn Yeu Wil be modified. | > is = =. 4 _ = -J25 “2 35 0 42 ss | | 25 Joy ds Os jy 0 gos YView= Y @idyt te Nut] 0 i dts tse 0 (3) oot opletd) os | a2 0 das sas dy = =35 —d25 a5 jo 0 | |1(34 -dies |} = -jues 5 | Prswse | Yo glee) = Ye, (rer) = YC) — ts = O-(-i05) > Jon re nes) = Yold) + Yas -i9+(-i2s) 2 -JIts [Que Tf #he lines between bes ZandS & sand3 ane comected with an impedance of 235% JO-0S and 2,,= Jo.0l + Determine the modified bus admittance matrix. fw. By addition of two Lines between bubet 3ks and 143 - iby hifi i be A The possible modified elements wi ve Nis Yau You Ney’ a) %, = + 1 = -J20 = Ned Need = eb ip Fas 00s ine ck i = ado = O-( G20) Zz Joo i . oa (new) = YY, Ge = Y, ld) + tig : g5 Mew) Nesta) cas = -dio +bd 00) { = as = 20 ei 2-92 oe cduz 35 do de gs ae \Youe| a5 -39 dy 0 | Yaz eee) = Yq,eud= Yigeld) — A} si gu

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