“Interactive effect of tillage and mulch practices on the crop productivity, profitability

and crop attributes on the chickpea at Dehradun valley Uttarakhand”

A synopsis submitted to School of Agriculture, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun for partial

fulfilment of the requirement of awarding degree of M.Sc. Agriculture (Agronomy)

Under the supervision

Of

Dr. Mansi Nautiyal

Assistant Professor

School of Agriculture

Submitted by: Vaibhav Arya

Roll no:2227150019

Enrollment no: UU2227150017

School of Agriculture (SOA)

Uttaranchal University

Dehradun, (Uttarakhand)248007

SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE
 Submission of Synopsis

To,

The Dean

School of Agriculture

Uttaranchal University,

Dehradun

Through: Proper channel

Sub: Submission of synopsis

Sir,

I,Shubham Rai Roll no 2227150019 admitted to Post Graduate studies for M.Sc. Ag. Degree
with major in Agronomy and minor in Soil Science in semester IV (2024) am submitting the
three copies of synopsis entitled “Interactive effect of tillage and mulch practices on the crop
productivity, profitability and crop attributes on the chickpea at Dehradun valley
Uttarakhand” for kind consideration and approval please.

SIGNATURE…………………….

Student Name: Vaibhav Arya

Certified that the synopsis has been prepared in accordance to the academic regulations and
mandate of the department / University in consulation and agreement with all concerned,

Advisor

Sign-

Name- Dr. Mansi Nautiyal

Designation- Assistant Professor

Recommendations /Comments/Approval

Head of the Department

Dean,SOA
 Certificate from advisory committee:

Certified that the research work proposed in the synopsis, to be carried out by Mr. Vaibhav
Arya, Roll No. 2227150019 is original and the programme has been critically examined

Dr. Mansi Nautiyal

Advisor

Assistant Professor, SOA

Interactive effect of tillage and mulch practices on the crop productivity, profitability
and crop attributes on the chickpea at Dehradun valley Uttarakhand

Introduction
Chickpea, also known as Bengal gramme or gramme, is a significant pulse crop in the semi-
arid tropics, notably in rainfed ecosystems of the Indian subcontinent, such as Dehradun
valley in Uttarakhand. Chickpeas are farmed on around 9.93 million hectares of land in India.
It is used both for human consumption and as animal feed. Its flour (besan) is used in the
preparation of several types of sweets, and the seeds are also boiled and used as a vegetable
(chhole). It additionally assumes a significant part in supporting soil efficiency by working on
its physical, compound and natural properties and catching air nitrogen in their root knobs the
region, creation and efficiency of chickpea vacillated generally. The conventional methods of
producing chickpea harvests, such as running a circle harrow twice followed by a cultivator
twice, and using insufficient and unbalanced supplements, result in low efficiency and input
productivity (Jat et al., 2005). Farming practice in any crop production structure contributes
heavily to expenses in order to reduce financial gains (Labios et al., 1997). Concentrated
culturing results to a reduction in soil natural matter and biodiversity.
Essentially, chickpea is a significant pulse crop of the semi-bone-dry cultivation, especially in
the rainfed region of the Indian sub-mainland like Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Culturing and crop
buildup the executives assume a basic part in soil physico-substance properties that in the
long run influences crop efficiency. The goal of the review to figure out a viable mix of
culturing, mulch practices and harvest buildup the board on the crop efficiency, benefit and
crop credits on the chickpea at Dehradun valley Uttarakhand. There are numerous extra
benefits a chance for improving expansion and intercropping, moving towards preservation
horticulture by utilizing succeeding harvests, lessening cost of development and lesser
housing (Tripathi et al.,2002).
India continues to be the world's largest gramme producing country, accounting for 70% of
the global gramme area and 67% of output. Gramme is a major pulse crop in India,
accounting for more than 40% of total pulse area and output. It is planted mostly as a rainfed
crop (68% area) (Singh et. al, 2022). The highest ever production of chickpea was recorded at
11.23 million tonnes, which was 46% of the total pulses production (23.95 million tonnes),
with a productivity of 1063 kg/hectare from 10.56 million hectares in Dehradun Valley
region of Uttarakhand also it is a major pulse crop in Uttarakhand, occupying 34% (35.90
lakh hectares) of the total gram area and 41% (45.95 lakh tonnes) of the total gram
production in the country DAC&FW (Singh et. al., 2022).
The seeds are also cooked as a vegetable (chickpeas). Gram flour (besan) is used in planning
various types of sweets. Gram also plays an important role in supporting soil efficiency by
acting on its physical, compound and organic properties and by capturing climatic nitrogen in
the roots of the field, thereby changing the cultivation and efficiency of gram generally.
Additionally, chickpea is a significant heartpulse harvest of the semi-parched cultivation,
especially in the rainfed region of the Indian sub-landmass like Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Culturing and crop buildup the board assume a basic part in soil physico-compound
properties that in the long run influences crop efficiency. The target of the review to figure
out a viable mix of culturing, mulch practices and harvest buildup the executives on the
harvest efficiency, benefit and crop credits on the chickpea at Dehradun valley Uttarakhand.
Furthermore, traditional techniques consume a lot of energy while also degrading and eroding
the soil's physical qualities. Furthermore, a lack of irrigation water and rising fuel and
fertiliser prices raise total production costs, lowering the production system's profitability.
According to studies, conventional agricultural techniques such as heavy tillage, imbalanced
nutrition, residue burning, and so on have raised food production costs by 4-5 times while
also dramatically increasing energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions.
Additionally, the absence of moisture in the surface layers of the soil may cause the plant to
draw moisture from the deeper layers of the soil, where elemental nutrients are less and hence
the plant experiences supplemental stress (Srinivasan et al., 2004). These variables reduce
plant size and existing photosynthetic reserves to compensate, and ultimately, this reduces
crop yield. Furthermore, consumption of crop production on farms is increasing ecological
contamination, releasing ozone depleting substances and causing global warming that is
unsafe for sustainable food production and natural well-being. Under such appalling
circumstances, a viable administration of culturing and crop buildups might assume essential
part. All around executed protection farming frameworks further develop soil quality and
creation manageability, albeit more research is required about certain parts of the framework
(Verhulst et al., 2010).
On the other hand, reusing crop deposits left in the field after harvesting the gram crop has
the advantage of converting excess farm waste into a valuable commodity to meet the
supplementary requirement of the crop. Concentrates on announced that buildup maintenance
on soil surface keep up with physical and substance soil conditions and work on in general
biological equilibrium of the creation framework. Under current situation, utilization of
natural materials may be fundamental for manageable creation because of inflating cost of
synthetic composts and to keep up with soil wellbeing in Dehradun valley, Uttarakhand.
Extension or maintenance of crop formation in the soil can play an important role as a source
of nutrients for chickpea crop production and, when appropriate, can remodel the physico-
mixture properties and natural capabilities of the soil. This expands how much food is
available to microorganisms, taking into account the rapid breakdown. The presence of sugar
in natural wastes enhances decomposition and increases the flow of low atomic natural acids
into the soil.

OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
The primary purpose of this research is to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the Interactive
effect of tillage and mulch practices on the crop productivity, profitability and crop attributes
on the chickpea at Dehradun valley Uttarakhand by looking at its execution, effect,
difficulties, and achievements. We hope to learn more about the tillage and mulch practices
impact on the crop productivity, profitability and crop attributes on the chickpea as a result of
this
 To study the effect of tillage and mulch practices on productivity and profitability of
chickpea.
 To study the effect of tillage and mulch practices on yield attribute on yield attributes
parameters of chickpea.
 To work out the economics of various treatments.

Review of Litrature
1. Effect of Different Tillage Practices on Growth, Yield and Economics of
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Abhishek shori (2006): has stated that Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important
winter pulse crop in India and a valuable source of protein. Chickpea is grown on
393.78 thousand hectares, producing 433.158 thousand tonnes per year. In medium
terrains, consecutive editing occurs following winter rice collection .
 (Kushwana and Ali, 1992). In India's semiarid regions, expensive and labor-
intensive culturing operations, diminishing soil fertility, and soil moisture restriction
are crucial for creating horticultural yields. Crops grown during the windy (kharif)
season depend on water, while those grown during the winter (rabi) season are
susceptible to preserved soil moisture.
(Dhar et al., 2008). It is an essential winter season beat harvest in India, with dry
period conditions being the single most important abiotic need for increased
efficiency (Kumar et al., 2006). Chickpea can build the efficiency both as far as N
saving from compost.
2. Charles Onyari: this book contains 9 chapters Dynamic the need to give adequate
protein food to a rising populace that is for the most part asset poor requires opening
up of minimal land for developing suitable pulses like chickpea. The goal was to
research the development of chickpea as impacted by culturing techniques (primary
plots) and planting times (subplots) and the impacts of these variables on water use
and yield of the harvest. The grain yields acquired were essentially unique (P<0.05)
going from 1430.6 to 2544.9 kg ha-1 under culturing technique impacts and 1573.8 to
2235.3 kg ha-1 under planting time treatment impacts in the two seasons. Culturing
and planting time consequences for grain yield of chickpea were fundamentally
unique (P<0.05) just in the subsequent season.
3. Influence of tillage and target yield approach on growth, yield and economics of
chickpea cropping system (2020)
Prakash kuchanur has explained the various aspect of tillage and mulch practices on the
crop productivity and the various aspect of, profitability and yield attributes on the
chickpea culturing, mulching and weed administration rehearses on development, yield
and take-up of supplements by chickpea. Mulching practice showed higher development,
endlessly yield boundaries of chickpea and furthermore supplement take-up and financial
matters over least and zero culturing rehearses.
4. Chickpea response to tillage system and phosphorus management under dry
land conditions (2012)
Dr. Amanullah has analyzes that Pearl millet-chickpea is arising as a significant
grouping in semi-dry locales of south-Asia attributable to less water-prerequisite. Since,
protection horticulture has arisen is a significant environment savvy system to battle
dampness stress along with other creation weaknesses.
Materials and methods
 Sight of experiment:
 Climate and weather
 Variety
Details of experiment

Details of experiment

Season Kharif (2023)

Location of the experiment Agriculture Research Farm, SGRRU

Variety JK 439

Design Factorial –Randomized Block Design (RBD)

Replication 3

Total Treatment combination 12

Total No. of Plots 12x3=36

Spacing 0.30mX 0.60m

Gross plot size 2.70m x 3.80m = 10.26 m2

 1.1Layout plan of Experimental field:
R1 R2 R3 R4

T1 T2 T3 T4

T5 T6 T7 T8
16m

T9 T10 T11 T12

IRRIGATION CHANNEL
IRRIGATION CHANNEL

T13 T14 T15 T16

T17 T18 T19 T20

T21 T22 T23 T24

3m 1m 2m
IRRIGATION CHANNEL

12m