Week 9 Week 10

EDDE FCW
How to Write a Research Methodology Tips for writing a strong Methodology Chapter

Step 1: Explain your methodological approach 1. Focus on your objectives and research
questions
● Option 1: Start with your “what” 2. Cite relevant sources
● Option 2: Start with your “why” 3. Write for your audience

Step 2: Describe your data collection methods

1. Quantitative methods Week 11

SEE Plagiarism can occur when authors:
● Surveys
● Experiments DPDD
● Existing data ● Do not include enough citations for paraphrased
information,
2. Qualitative methods ● Paraphrase a source incorrectly,
● Do not use quotation marks, or
IPE ● Directly copy and paste phrasing from a source
● Interviews or focus groups without quotation marks or citations.
● Participant observation
● Existing data Here are some factors to consider when citing
sources:
3. Mixed methods research
DDHHH
● Combines quantitative and qualitative
approaches. 1. Did I provide adequate commentary on the cited
material?
Step 3: Describe your analysis method 2. Did I begin and end my paragraphs in my own
voice?
● Quantitative methods - the analysis will be 3. Have I used the cited material to support my
based on numbers. specific thesis?
4. Have I relied too heavily on one source?
● Qualitative methods - the analysis will be 5. Have I included too many direct quotations?
based on language, images, and observations.

● Mixed methods - Combines quantitative and

qualitative approaches. Week 12
Step 4: Evaluate and justify the methodological Research Instrumentation
choices you made
Research instruments are tools used for data collection
and analysis.
Research instrument examples

ISOFE
Week 13
● Interviews - (structured, unstructured, and
Research Ethics and its Importance
semi-structured)
● Surveys - questionnaire
● Observations - interacting in a controlled or NEME
uncontrolled environment
● Focus groups - include more than one 1. Norms promote the aims of research, such as
participant knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error.
● Existing data - 2. Ethical standards promote the values that are
essential to collaborative work, such as trust,
Research instrument design accountability, mutual respect, and fairness.
3. Many of the ethical norms help to ensure that
A few things to keep in mind when designing researchers can be held accountable to the
research instrument: public.
4. Ethical norms in research also help to build
VRRG public support for research.
● Validity means how well the participants'
ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
answers match those outside the study.
● Reliability means whether the research method
will produce similar results multiple times. HOI COTAIC RRR SN CLAH
● Replicability means whether the research results
can be used for other research purposes.
● Generalizability means whether the research 1. Honesty
data can be generalized or applied to the whole 2. Objectivity
population. 3. Integrity
4. Carefulness
Research instrument design best practices 5. Openness
6. Transparency
Here are some good practices for creating research 7. Accountability
instruments: 8. Intellectual Property
9. Confidentiality
DPCAT 10. Responsible Publication
11. Responsible Mentoring
12. Respect for Colleagues
● Define the research objective
13. Social Responsibility
● Prepare carefully
14. Non-Discrimination
● Create a guideline
15. Competence
● Avoid interviewer bias
16. Legality
● Test and implement
17. Animal Care
18. Human Subjects protection
Research instrument in quantitative research:
STI
● Surveys - questionnaires
● Telephone -
● Interviews -