DOI: 10.1111/weng.

12477

BIBLIOGRAPHY

South African Englishes: A contemporary

bibliography

Werner Botha1 Bertus van Rooy2,3 Susan Coetzee-van Rooy3

1 Flinders University, Australia

2 University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

3 North West University, South Africa
Correspondence
Werner Botha, School of Humanities, Arts and
Social Sciences, Flinders University, Australia.
Email: werner.botha@flinders.edu.au
Abstract
The bibliography presented here is a list of contemporary research
publications that provide the details of books, research articles, as
well as other research outputs that were published between 1994
and 2020. The main aim of this bibliography is to provide schol-
ars interested in researching South African Englishes with sources
of major works published internationally as well as in core jour-
nals from South Africa. Despite the problems concerning represen-
tativeness of research bibliographies in general, we hope that this
list of references will complement existing sources in this field. We
also hope that that this bibliography will serve as a useful guide for
those researchers and graduate students interested in contempo-
rary issues in the study of South African Englishes.

1 INTRODUCTION

This research bibliography lists some of the major research articles, books, and other research outputs that were pub-
lished between 1994 and 2020. These dates were selected because of the significance of the post-apartheid era in
South Africa’s modern history, in particular since South African society at large has been characterized as being a more
inclusive, democratic and open society, marking an official end to apartheid rule in the country. This current bibliog-
raphy is also timely, in that a number of research publications on English in South Africa, as well as South African
Englishes, have evidently become increasingly connected with the international frontline of research in world Englishes
studies more generally. This is perhaps best evidenced in studies that connect with current theorizing on the role
of globalization in the spread and use of English, as well as the complex nature of the use of English in multilingual
contexts.
The introduction to this bibliography comes with a necessary caveat. All the publications presented here set out
to provide a listing of major publications, with particular reference to world Englishes in the context of South Africa.
As with any survey of an academic field of study, this bibliography does not (and in fact, cannot) claim complete
comprehensiveness, which would indeed be impossible to achieve considering the diverse nature of English studies
and sociolinguistics research (among other fields) in South Africa today. Nevertheless, we believe that this bibliography
offers a broad range of topic areas, including coverage of world Englishes with such topics as ‘applied language studies’,

World Englishes 2020;1–16. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/weng 

c 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd 1
2 BOTHA ET AL .

‘corpus linguistics’, ‘discourse analysis and pragmatics’, ‘educational issues’, ‘features and varieties of English’, and
‘sociolinguistic perspectives’. Another constraint concerning the selection of materials for this bibliography concerns
the selection process itself, where more weighting was given to publications from international publications as well
as those publications that are more established in South Africa, and we hope that this current selection will provide
a useful guide to at least some of the research from and about South Africa over the past two and a half decades. The
inclusion of publications from within South Africa also intends to bridge academic exchange between South Africa and
the world, so that researchers can benefit from research issues, issues of academic concern, research paradigms, and
methods of academic enquiry that are of interest in South Africa as well as internationally.
The categories in this bibliography are intended to be relatively transparent. In the first two sections, ‘Books’ and
‘Scholarly theses’, we have attempted to include major book-length works that provide academic treatment of central
(and contemporary) aspects of world Englishes in the South African context. The intention here is to foreground which
book-length studies are available to interested researchers. As may be apparent, certain publications could be appro-
priately placed in more than one section, which led to a number of decisions about how certain publications should be
categorized. For instance, the section ‘Sociolinguistic perspectives’ contains publications that could also be placed in
the sections on ‘educational issues’ or ‘discourse analysis and pragmatics’, and many of the ‘corpus linguistics’ publica-
tions could equally be placed in a number of other sections. Ultimately these works were grouped based on their rep-
resentativeness, or based on some key feature which made them more suitable in one section rather than another. The
section on ‘applied language studies’ predominantly focuses on publications dealing with language attitudes in educa-
tional settings as well as English language learning issues. The category of ‘corpus linguistics’ features publications that
concentrate on corpus-based studies in within the South Africa. The section on ‘features and varieties of English’ lists
publications dealing with the so-called ‘features’ of South African Englishes (or ‘South African English’). The section on
‘sociolinguistic perspectives’ focuses mainly on works dealing with language in society or the sociology of language. We
have also included reference to another bibliography on English in South Africa (Juengling, 1998b), that was published
some 20 years ago.
One category that has been omitted in this bibliography is a section on literary works in English by South African
writers. There are a number of reasons for this omission, with most important reason concerning space, as this section
alone is worthy of its own bibliography-length publication. South African English literature (including South African lit-
erary works translated into English) is an expansive area that has received considerable attention, not least because
South Africa has produced two Nobel literature prize winners, Nadine Gordimer (in 1991) and John M. Coetzee (in
2003). And many institutions worldwide regularly publish South African (English) literature bibliographies (for exam-
ple, Stanford University has a whole library section on South African literature, freely available online).
Despite the shortcomings of this current bibliography, our hope is that it will prove useful for researchers investi-
gating linguistic issues related to English in contemporary South Africa, as well as serving as a guide to this broad area
of inquiry for interested scholars from a range of other disciplines.

Books

Baldauf, R. B., & Kaplan, R. B. (Eds.). (2004). Language planning and policy in Africa: Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique & South Africa.
Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.
Comaroff, J., & Comaroff, J. (1997). Of revelation and revolution: The dialectics of modernity on a South African frontier (Vol. 2).
VolChicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
de Klerk, V. (Ed.). (1996). Focus on South Africa. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
de Klerk, V. (2006). Corpus linguistics and world Englishes: An analysis of Xhosa English. London: Continuum.
Deumert, A. (2014). Sociolinguistics and mobile communication. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
Draper, J. A. (Ed.). (2003). Orality, literacy, and colonialism in Southern Africa. Leiden: Brill.
Esimaje, A. U., Gut, U., & Antia, B. E. (Eds.). (2019). Corpus linguistics and African Englishes. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Finlayson, R., & Slabbert, S. (Eds.). (2005). Language and identities in a postcolony: Southern African perspectives. Frankfurt am
Main: Peter Lang.
Gilmour, R. (2006). Grammars of colonialism: Representing languages in colonial South Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
BOTHA ET AL . 3

Heugh, K., Siegrühn, A., & Plüddermann, P. (Eds.). (1995). Multilingual education for South Africa. Johannesburg: Heinemann
Publishers.
Hibbert, L. (2016). The linguistic landscape of post-apartheid South Africa: Politics and discourse. Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
Hibbert, L., & van der Walt, C. (Eds.). (2014). Multilingual universities in South Africa: Reflecting society in higher education. Bristol:
Multilingual Matters.
Hickey, R. (Ed.). (2020). English in multilingual South Africa: The linguistics of contact and change. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Hutton, B. (1994). Adult basic education in South Africa: Literacy, English as a second language, and numeracy. Cape Town: Oxford
University Press.
Kamwangamalu, N. M. (2000). Language policy and mother-tongue education in South Africa: The case for a market-oriented
approach. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
Kamwangamalu, N. M. (2016). Language policy and economics: The language question in Africa. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Kaschula, R. H., Maseko, P., & Wolff, H. E. (Eds.). (2017). Multilingualism and intercultural communication: A South African perspec-
tive. Johannesburg: Wits University Press.
Makoni, S., Smitherman, G., Ball, A., & Spears, A. K. (Eds.). (2005). Black linguistics: Language, society and politics in Africa and the
Americas. London: Routledge.
McCormick, K. (2002). Language in Cape Town’s District Six. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mesthrie, R. (Ed.). (1995). Language and social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics. Cape Town: David Phili.
Mesthrie, R. (Ed.). (2002). Language in South Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mesthrie, R. (Ed.). (2008). Varieties of English: Africa, South and Southeast Asia. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Mesthrie, R., & Bhatt, R. M. (2008). World Englishes: The study of new linguistic varieties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mesthrie, R., & Hromnik, J. (2011). Eish, but is it English? Celebrating the South African variety. Cape Town: Random House/Zebra
Press.
Mwaniki, M. (2012). Multilingualism and the public sector in South Africa. Bloemfontein: Sun Press.
Ndhlovu, F. (2015). Hegemony and language policies in Southern Africa: Identity. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars
Publishing.
Orman, J. (2009). Language policy and nation-building in post-apartheid South Africa. Dordrecht: Springer.
Prinsloo, M., & Breier, M. (1996). The social uses of literacy: Theory and practice in contemporary South Africa. Amsterdam: John
Benjamins.
Silva, P., Dore, W., Mantzel, D., Muller, C., & Wright, M. (Eds.). (1996). A dictionary of South African English on historical principles.
Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Smit, U. (1996). A new English for a new Africa? Language attitudes, language planning and education. Vienna: Braumüller.
Van der Merwe, I. J., & van Niekerk, L. O. (1994). Language in South Africa: Distribution and change. Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch
University Press.
Wade, M. (2016). White on black in South Africa: A study of English-language inscriptions of skin colour. New York: Palgrave
Macmillan.
Webb, V. (1995). Language in South Africa: An input into language planning for a post-apartheid South Africa. Pretoria: LiCCa
Research and Development Programme, University of Pretoria.
Webb, V. (2002). Language in South Africa: The role of language in national transformation, reconstruction, and development. Amster-
dam: John Benjamins.
Webb, V., & Du Plessis, T. (2006). The politics of language in South Africa. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
Zsiga, E. C., Boyer, O. T., & Kramer, R. (Eds.). (2014). Languages in Africa: Multilingualism, language policy, and education. Washing-
ton, DC: Georgetown University Press.

Key publications on South African literature

Attwell, D., & Attridge, D. (Eds.). (2012). The Cambridge history of South African literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University
Press.
Cornwell, G., Klopper, D., & MacKenzie, C. (2010). The Columbia guide to South African literature in English. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Hirson, D. (2011). Worlds in one country: A brief survey of South African writing – nineteenth century to 1994. Johannesburg: Jacana
Media.
Van Wyk Smith, M. (1990). Grounds of contest: A survey of South African English literature. Cape Town: Juta.

Scholarly theses

Bekker, I. (2008). The vowels of South African English (PhD thesis). Potchefstroom, South Africa.
4 BOTHA ET AL .

Botha, Y. (2012). Specification in the English nominal group with reference to student writing (PhD thesis). Potchefstroom, South
Africa.
Brown, J. (2012). Focusing and diffusion in ‘Cape Flats English’: A sociophonetic study of three vowels (Master’s dissertation). Uni-
versity of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Chevalier, A. (2011). Social class differentiation in South African Indian English: A sociophonetic study of three vowel variables
(Master’s dissertation). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Chevalier, A. (2016). Globalisation versus internal development: The reverse short front vowel shift in South African English
(PhD thesis). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Coetzee-van Rooy, A. S. (2000). Cultural identity and acquisition planning for English as a second language in South Africa
(PhD thesis). Potchefstroom University, Vanderbijlpark.
De Kock, L. (1996). Civilising barbarians: Missionary narrative and African textual response in nineteenth-century South Africa
(PhD thesis). Witwatersrand University, Johannesburg.
Dyers, C. (2000). Language identity and nationhood: Language use and attitudes among Xhosa students at the University of Western
Cape, South Africa (unpublished PhD thesis). University of the Western Cape, Cape Town.
Henning, J. G. (2006). Linking adverbials in first, second and foreign language English student writing corpora (Master’s dissertation).
Potchefstroom, South Africa.
Jensen, C. B. (1996). Educational, political, and economical context of language: South African coloureds in transition (PhD thesis).
State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Juengling, F. (1998a). The origins of the Southern Hemisphere accents of English (unpublished PhD thesis). University of Minnesota,
Minnesota.
KhaJawan, P. (2002). Afrikaans in democratic South Africa: A survey of scholarly contributions and tendentious reporting regarding the
status of Afrikaans and the other official languages of South Africa (PhD thesis). University of Zululand, South Africa.
Law, M. A. (2019). The role of editorial intervention in ongoing language variation and change in South African and Australian English
(PhD thesis). Vanderbijlpark & Sydney.
Mabiletja, M. M. (2015). The transition to multilingual education in South African schools (PhD thesis). University of South Africa,
Pretoria.
Makukule, I. (2017). The role of language in the performance of male township youth identities on Thokoza street corners (unpublished
PhD thesis). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Manyike, T. V. 2007). The acquisition of English academic language proficiency among grade 7 learners in South African schools
(unpublished D.Ed. thesis). University of South Africa, Pretoria.
Minow, V. (2010). Variation in the grammar of Black South African English. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
Morreira, K. (2012). Social change, class formation and English: A study of young black South Africans with ‘Model C’ school back-
grounds (PhD thesis). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Nudelman, C. (2015). Language in South Africa’s higher education transformation: A study of language policies at four universities
(Master’s dissertation). University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Nwaila, C. (1996). Black English and education in South Africa: An investigation (D.Litt thesis). University of Pretoria, Pretoria.
Partridge, M. (2010). Specificity in lexical verbs: A corpus-based lexicological study (Master’s dissertation). Vanderbijlpark,
South Africa.
Partridge, M. (2019). Verb complementation patterns in Black South African English (PhD thesis). Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Piotrowska, C. M. (2014). A diachronic analysis of the progressive aspect in Black South African English (Master’s dissertation).
Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Plüddemann, P. R. (2013). Language policy from below: Bilingual education and heterogeneity in post-apartheid South Africa (PhD
thesis). Stockholm University, Stockholm.
Redelinghuys, K. R. (2019). Language contact and change through translation in Afrikaans and South African English: A diachronic
corpus-based study (PhD thesis). Vanderbijlpark & Macquarie University Sydney.
Scott, L. (2015). English lingua franca in the South African tertiary classroom: Recognising the value of diversity (Master’s disserta-
tion). Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch.
Siebers, L. (2007). Morphosyntax in Black South African English: A sociolinguistic analysis of Xhosa English (PhD thesis). University
of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg.
Smit, U. (1994). Language attitudes, language planning and education: The case of English in South Africa (unpublished PhD thesis).
University of Vienna, Vienna.
Toefy, T. (2014). Sociophonetics and class differentiation: A study of working- and middle-class English in Cape Town’s coloured com-
munity (PhD thesis). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Van Rooyen, S. F. (2000). An assessment of high school pupils’ attitudes towards the pronunciation of Black South African English
(Master’s dissertation). Potchefstroom University, Potchefstroom.
Wade, R. (1996). An investigation of the putative restandardisation of South African English in the direction of a ‘new’ English, Black
South African English (unpublished Master’s dissertation). University of Natal Durban, Durban.
BOTHA ET AL . 5

Wasserman, G. P. (2014). Modality on trek: Diachronic changes in written South African English across text and context (PhD thesis).
Vanderbijlpark, South Africa.
Wileman, B. (2011). Regional variation in South African English: A socio-phonetic comparison of young white speakers in Cape Town
and Durban (Master’s dissertation). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Wileman, B. (2018). A sociophonetic investigation of ethnolinguistic differences in voice quality among young, South African English
speakers (PhD thesis). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Wilmot, K. (2011). Socio-cultural change in two prestigious secondary schools in South Africa: A sociophonetic study of black and white
females (Master’s dissertation). University of Cape Town, Cape Town.
Zikode, N. P. (2017). An evaluation of the implementation of the language policy for higher education: African languages as medium of
instruction at selected South African universities (Master’s dissertation). University of Pretoria, Pretoria.

Attitudes

Abongdia, J.–F. F. (2014). Ideologies and attitudes of foundation students at a multilingual university. Mediterranean Journal of
Social Sciences, 5, 415–422.
Bekker, I. (2003). Using historical data to explain language attitudes: A South African case study. AILA Review, 16, 62–77.
Bekker, I. (2004). An attitude scale for measuring language attitudes at South African tertiary institutions. Southern African
Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 22, 43–62.
Bosch, B., & de Klerk, V. (1996). Language attitudes and their implications for the teaching of English in the Eastern Cape. In V.
de Klerk (Ed.), Focus on English (pp. 231–250). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Dalvit, L., & de Klerk, V. (2005). Attitudes of Xhosaspeaking students at the University of Fort Hare towards the use of Xhosa
as a language of learning and teaching (LOLT). Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 23, 1–18.
de Klerk, V. (1996). Use and attitudes to English in a multilingual university. English World-Wide, 17, 111–127.
de Klerk, V., & Barkhuizen, G. (2001). Language usage and attitudes in a South African prison: Who calls the shots? International
Journal of the Sociology of Language, 152, 97–115.
de Klerk, V., & Barkhuizen, G. (2002). English in the prison services: A case of breaking the law? World Englishes, 21, 9–22.
de Klerk, V., & Bosch, B. (1994). Language attitudes in the Eastern Cape: A tri-lingual survey. South African Journal of Linguistics,
12, 50–59.
de Klerk, V., & Bosch, B. (1995). Linguistic stereotypes: Nice accent – nice person? International Journal for the Sociology of Lan-
guage, 116, 17–37.
de Klerk, V., & Bosch, B. (1998). Afrikaans to English: A case study of language shift. South African Journal of Linguistics, 16,
43–51.
Painter, D., & Dixon, J. (2013). Language attitudes in Southern Africa. In H. Giles & B. Watson (Eds.), The social meaning of speech
style: An international perspective (pp. 105–124). New York: Peter Lang.
Smit, U. (2000). Investigating Black South African English in the new millennium: On the potential and problems of language
attitude research. South African Journal of Linguistics, 18, 133–148.
van Rooy, B., van Rooyen, S., & van Wyk, H. (2000). An assessment of high school pupil’s attitudes towards the pronunciation
of Black South African English. South African Journal of Linguistics, 18, 187–213.
Wiebesiek, L., Rudwick, S., & Zeller, J. (2011). South African Indian English: A qualitative study of attitudes. World Englishes, 30,
251–268.

Applied language studies and education

Banda, F. (2000). The dilemma of the mother tongue: Prospects for bilingual education in South Africa. Language, Culture and
Curriculum, 13, 51–66.
Beukes, A.-M. (2014). Challenges for South Africa’s medium-sized indigenous language education and research environments.
In F. X. Vila & V. Brexta (Eds.), Language policy in higher education: The case of medium-sized languages (pp. 132–152). Bristol:
Multilingual Matters.
Blommaert, J., Muyllaert, N., Huysmans, M., & Dyers, C. (2005). Peripheral normativity: Literacy and the production of locality
in a South African township school. Linguistics and Education, 16, 378–403.
Busch, B. (2010). School language profiles: Valorizing linguistic resources in heteroglossic situations in South Africa. Language
and Education, 24, 283–294.
Coetzee-van Rooy, S. (2008). Intelligibility and perceptions of English proficiency. World Englishes, 28, 15–34.
Coetzee-van Rooy, S. (2010). Complex systems, multilingualism and academic success in South African higher education. South-
ern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 28, 309–321.
Coetzee-van Rooy, S. (2010). Evaluation of the Cummins theoretical framework for higher education in South Africa. Southern
African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 28, 25–38.
6 BOTHA ET AL .

Coetzee-van Rooy, S. (2011). Discrepancies between perceptions of English proficiency and scores on English tests: Implica-
tions for teaching English in South Africa. Journal for Language Teaching, 45, 151–181.
Coetzee-Van Rooy, S. (2018). Dominant language constellations in multilingual repertoires: Implications for language-in-
education policy and practices in South Africa. Language Matters, 49, 19–46.
Coetzee-van Rooy, S., & Verhoef, M. M. (2000). Perceptions of English proficiency: Views from Southern Sotho speakers. South
African Journal of Linguistics, 18, 163–185.
de Klerk, V. (2002). Language issues in our schools: Whose voice counts? Part 1: The parents speak. Perspectives in Education,
20, 1–14.
de Klerk, V. (2002). Language issues in our schools: Whose voice counts? Part 2: The teachers speak. Perspectives in Education,
20, 15–28.
Department of Higher education and Training (D–HET). (2015). Report on the use of African languages as mediums of instruction
in higher education. Pretoria: DHET.
Dippenaar, H., & Peyper, T. (2011). Language awareness and communication as part of teacher education at the University of
Pretoria, South Africa. Journal for Language Teaching, 45, 32–45.
Edwards, V., & Ngwaru, J. M. (2011). Multilingual education in South Africa: The role of publishers. Journal of Multilingual and
Multicultural Development, 32, 435–450.
Fandrych, I. (2003). Socio-pragmatic and cultural aspects of teaching English for Academic Purposes in Lesotho. Southern
African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 21, 15–27.
Gilmartin, M. (2004). Language, education and the new South Africa. Journal of Economic and Social Geography, 95, 405–418.
Granville, S., Janks, H., Mphahlele, M., Reed, Y., Watson, P., Joseph, M., & Ramani, E. (1998). English with or without g(u)ilt: A
position paper on language in education policy for South Africa. Language and Education, 12, 254–272.
Hartshorne, K. (1995). Language policy in African education: A background to the future. In R. Mesthrie (Ed.), Language and
social history: Studies in South African sociolinguistics (pp. 306–318). Cape Town/Johannesburg: David Phillip.
Hibbert, L. (1994). Globalization, the African Renaissance, and the role of English. International Journal of the Sociology of Lan-
guage, 170, 81–93.
Hornberger, N., & Vaish, V. (2009). Multilingual language policy and school linguistic practice: Globalization and English-
language teaching in India, Singapore and South Africa. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 39,
305–320.
Hefer, E. (2013). Reading first and second language subtitles: Sesotho viewers reading in Sesotho and English. Southern African
Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 31, 359–373.
Hefer, E. (2013). Reading second language subtitles: A case study of Afrikaans viewers reading in Afrikaans and English. Per-
spectives, 21, 22–41.
Heugh, K. (2008). Language policy and education in Southern Africa. In S. May & N. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language
and education, volume : Language policy and political issues in education (Vol. 1, pp. 355–367). Dordrecht: Springer.
Heugh, K. (2013). Multilingual education policy in South Africa constrained by theoretical and historical disconnections. Applied
Linguistics, 33, 215–237.
Heugh, K., & Stroud, C. (2020). Multilingualism in South African education: A Southern perspective. In R. Hickey (Ed.), English in
multilingual South Africa: The linguistics of contact and change (pp. 216–238). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hill, P., & Van Zyl, S. (2002). English and multilingualism in the South African engineering workplace. World Englishes, 21, 23–35.
Kamwangamalu, N. M. (1997). Multilingualism and education policy in post-apartheid South Africa. Language Problems and Lan-
guage Planning, 21, 234–253.
Kamwangamalu, N. M. (2013). Effects of policy on English-medium instruction in Africa. World Englishes, 32, 325–337.
Kamwangamalu, N., & Tovares, A. (2016). English in language ideologies, attitudes, and educational practices in Kenya and
South Africa. World Englishes, 35, 421–439.
Kruger, H. (2013). Child and adult readers’ processing of foreignised elements in translated South African picture books: An
eye-tracking study. Target, 25, 180–227.
Lanham, L. W. (1995). Readability of narrative texts for the primary school ESL reader: Usages commonly contributing to
unreadability. In L. Lanham, D. Langham, A. Blacquiere, & L. Wright (Eds.), Getting the message in South Africa: Intelligibility,
readability, comprehensibility (pp. 79–83). Howick: Brevitas.
Madiba, M. (2013). Multilingual education in South African universities: Policies, pedagogy and practicality. Linguistics and Edu-
cation, 24, 385–395.
Manyike, T. V. (2017). English language teaching in South African multicultural schools: Challenges faced by both native and
non-native teachers. In J. de Dios & M. Agudo (Eds.), Native and non-native teachers in English language classrooms: Professional
challenges and teacher education (pp. 295–316). Berlin: Boston: De Gruyter.
Mashiyi, N. (2014). Towards promoting a responsive and inclusive tertiary education system in South Africa through multilin-
gualism. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 6, 1–9.
BOTHA ET AL . 7

Mayaba, N. N., Ralarala, M. K., & Angu, P. (2018). Student voice: Perspectives on language and critical pedagogy in South African
higher education. Educational Research for Social Change, 7, 1–12.
Mclean, D. (1999). Neocolonizing the mind? Emergent trends in language policy for South African education. International Jour-
nal of the Sociology of Language, 136, 7–29.
Mesthrie, R., & Chevalier, A. (2015). A perception test for the deracialisation of middle class South African English. Southern
African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 33, 391–409.
Murray, S., & van der Mescht, H. (1996). Preparing student teachers to teach English first and second language. In V. de Klerk
(Ed.), Focus on South Africa (pp. 251–267). Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
Niedrig, H. (2003). Multilingualism and school language policy in post-apartheid South Africa. In A. Ouane (Ed.), Towards a mul-
tilingual culture of education (pp. 417–449). Hamburg, Germany: UNESCO Institute for Education.
Parkinson, J. (2003). The effect of tertiary study at an English medium university on the written English of speakers of Black
South African English. Journal for Language Teaching, 37, 249–167.
Perry, H. K. (2009). Primary school literacy in Southern Africa: African perspectives. Comparative Education, 44, 57–73.
Plüddermann, P. (1999). Multilingualism and education in South Africa: One year on. International Journal of Educational
Research, 31, 327–340.
Probyn, M. (2001). Teachers’ voices: Teachers’ reflections on learning and teaching through the medium of English as an addi-
tional language in South Africa. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 4, 249–266.
Rudwick, S., & Parmegiani, A. (2013). Divided loyalties: Zulu vis-à-vis English at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Language
Matters, 44, 89–107.
Setati, M., Adler, J., Reed, Y., & Bapoo, A. (2010). Incomplete journeys: Code-switching and other language practices in mathe-
matics, science and English language classrooms in South Africa. Language and Education, 16, 128–149.
Shalem, Y. (2006). Teacher’s struggle: The case of white English-speaking teachers in South Africa. British Journal of Sociology of
Education, 13, 307–328.
Singh, S. (1996). Teaching English creatively in the South African context. Language Matters, 27, 222–234.
Thornhill, C. (2015). Multilingual education in South Africa: Reality or myth? In R. DePalma, D. B. Napier, & W. Dze-Ngwa (Eds.),
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University of Pretoria.

Historical linguistics

Bekker, I. (2012). The story of South African English: A brief linguistic overview. International Journal of Language, Translation
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Bekker, I. (2012). South African English as a late 19th-century extraterritorial variety. English World-Wide, 33, 127–146.
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Mesthrie, R. (1996). Imagint excusations: Missionary English in the nineteenth century Cape Colony, South Africa. World
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Mesthrie, R. (1998). Words across worlds: Aspects of language contact and language learning in the Eastern Cape, 1800–1850.
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Rossouw, R., & van Rooy, B. (2012). Diachronic changes in modality in South African English. English World-Wide, 33, 1–26.
van Rooy, B., & Piotrowska, C. (2015). The development of an extended time period meaning of the progressive in Black South
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Van Rooy, B., & Wasserman, R. (2014). Do the modals of black and white South African English converge? Journal of English
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Wasserman, R., & Van Rooy, B. (2014). The development of modals of obligation and necessity in white South African English
through contact with Afrikaans. Journal of English Linguistics, 42, 31–50.

Language overviews, history and politics

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Tshotsho, B. P. (2013). Mother tongue debate and language policy in South Africa. International Journal of Humanities and Social
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Discourse analysis and pragmatics

Barkhuizen, G. P. (1994). South African election abbreviations: What do they all mean? Language Matters, 25, 14–20.
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Brookes, H. (2005). What gestures do: Some communicative functions of quotable gestures in conversations among Black
urban South Africans. Journal of Pragmatics, 37, 2044–2085.
Howarth, D. (2005). Applying discourse theory: The method of articulation. In D. Howarth & J. Torfing (Eds.), Theory in European
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Ige, B. (2010). Identity and language choice: ‘We equals I’. Journal of Pragmatics, 42, 3047–3054.
Jolly, R. (1995). Rehearsals of liberation: Contemporary postcolonial discourse and the new South Africa. PLMA, 110, 17–29.
Kasanga, L. A. (2006). Requests in a South African variety of English. World Englishes, 25, 65–89.
Kasanga, L. A., & Lwanga-Lumu, J. C. (2007). Cross-cultural linguistic realization of politeness: A study of apologies in English
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Kruger, H., & van Rooy, B. (2016). Syntactic and pragmatic transfer effects in reported-speech constructions in three contact
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Makalela, L. (2013). Black South African English on the radio. World Englishes, 32, 93–107.
Mesthrie, R. (2002). Mock languages and symbolic power: The South African radio series Applesammy and Naidoo. World
Englishes, 21, 99–112.
Mesthrie, R. (2005). Assessing representations of South African Indian English in writing: An application of variation theory.
Language Variation and Change, 17, 303–326.
Mesthrie, R. (2014). English tsotsitaals? An analysis of two written texts in Surfspeak and South African Indian English slang.
Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 32, 173–183.
Rambe, P. (2012). Critical discourse analysis of collaborative engagement in Facebook postings. Australasian Journal of Educa-
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Van Rooy, B., & Drejerska, K. (2014). Metaphors in the Freedom Day addresses of South African presidents (1995–2012). Lan-
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Worger, W. H. (2001). Parsing God: Conversations about the meaning of words and metaphors in nineteenth-century South
Africa. Journal of African History, 42, 417–447.

Linguistic features of (varieties within) South African English

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BOTHA ET AL . 11

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Bibliographies of English in South Africa

Juengling, F. (1998b). Bibliography of English in South Africa. Language Matters, 29, 179–255.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We wish to thank Ms Charlotte Choo for her assistance in compiling this bibliography.