UMANG 2024

Lecture No.- 03

For class 8th students

• Subject - History

Chapter - When People Rebel Shigraf Ma’am

 Topics to be Covered

Topic Aftermath or after effects: Government of India Act 1858.

Topic The Khurda uprising – A case study.

Topic For a heavenly kingdom of Great Peace – Taiping Rebellion.

Recap of Previous Lecture
 After Effects
 After crushing the revolt of 1857, the British introduced
following important changes-
Government of India Act 1858:
 The British parliament passed this act and transferred the powers
and territories of the East India Company to the British Crown to
ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs.
 A member of British cabinet was appointed Secretary of State
for India and made him responsible for all matters related to
the governance of India.
 Set up an ‘Indian Council’ to advise him.
 The title of Governor-General of India was replaced by the
title of ‘Viceroy’ i.e. a personal representative of the crown.
 2. Changes regarding Indian rulers –
1. British assured the Indian rulers that their territory would never
be annexed in future.
2. Allowed them to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including
adopted sons.
3. In return, they have to accept the British paramountcy. Thus
Indian rulers were to hold their kingdoms as subordinate to
British Crown.
 3. Changes regarding army
 Number of Indian soldiers in the army reduced and the
number of European soldiers increased.
 More recruitment from among the Gurkhas, Sikhs and
Pathans instead of Awadh, Bihar, Central India & south India.
4. British believed that Muslims were responsible for the rebellion
in a big way- British confiscated their land and property on a
large scale and treated them with suspicion and hostility.
5. British now decided to respect the customary, religious & social
practices of the people.
6. British also made policies to protect zamindars and landlords
& and gave them security of rights over their lands.
 The Khurda uprising- A case study

Much before the event of 1857.

 Khurda a small kingdom in Odisha was occupied by British in
1803 and fixed the residence of king at Puri and gave only the
rights of management of Jagannath temple to him and a grant
amounting to 1/10 of the total revenue of his former estate.
 Oppressive measures of British
 Unreasonable increase in revenue demand and oppressive method
of collection- large scale desertion between 1805 and 1817.
 Short term land settlements increased demands each time- no
consideration to productive capacity of land or paying capacity of
the ryots.
 Not liberal in natural calamities- Odisha prone to.
 Land of defaulters sold.
 Other grievances

 Introduction of Sicca rupee [Silver currency] in the region and

forced to pay in new currency- huge increase in the price of
food-stuff and salt- traditional salt makers of Odisha were not
allowed to make salt- salt monopoly.
 Insensitive and corrupt police system.
 The uprising

 29th March 1817- ‘Paiks’ attacked the police station and other
government buildings at Banpur- killed more than 100 men-
took away large amount of government money.
 Uprising spread- Khurda epicenter- Zamindars and ryots
joined Paiks- “no rent campaign started”.
 14th April 1817- Buxi Jagbandhu [the deposed king] seized
Puri and declared Mukunda Dev II as their ruler.
 Priest of Jagannath temple also extended his support Paiks.
 British crushed the uprising

 Clamped martial law in the region- captured the king and sent
to prison in Cuttack with his son.
 Major General Martindell cleared of the area between Khurda
and Cuttack and announced rewards for the arrest of Buxi
Jagabandhu and his associates.
 Hundred of Paiks were killed- many fled to deep jungles and
some returned under a scheme of Amnesty.
 By may 1817 Khurda uprising was almost crushed.
 However, outside Khurda, Buxi Jagabandhu and his supporters
like Raja of Kujang, Paiks etc. continued until his surrender in
may 1825.
 After effects
 British adopted a policy of leniency, indulgence and forbearance
towards the people of Khurda.
 Salt prices were reduced.
 Necessary reforms were made in police and judicial systems.
 Corrupt revenue officials were dismissed.
 Former land holders were restored to their lands.
 Son of king of Khurda- Rama Chandra Dev III- was
allowed to move to Puri and take charge of the affairs of
the Jagannath temple with a grant of Rs. 24000/-
 Taiping Rebellion-For a heavenly kingdom of Great Peace

 Popular uprising in southern parts of China started in 1850

and could be suppressed by the mid 1860s.
 Labourers and poor people fight for the establishment of a
heavenly kingdom of Great Peace under the leadership of
Hong Xiuquan- a converted Christian.
 He was against the traditional religions practised in China
such as Buddhism.
 Their motto was to establish a Christian Kingdom- no one held
any private property- no difference between social classes,
gender equality.
 Wanted to prohibit the consumption of alcohol, opium, tobacco-
ban on activities like gambling, prostitution, slavery etc.
 British and French armed forces operating in China helped the
emperor of the Qing dynasty of crush the Taiping Rebellion.
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THANK YU