When People Rebel

Q1. What effects did British rule had on the powers of nawabs and rajas?
Ans.
● Nawabs and rajas lost their authority and power in the mid-eighteenth century.
● Freedom of the rulers was reduced, their armed force was disbanded and revenue and territory was taken
away by the company.
● Residents were stationed in many courts and their revenues and territories taken away.
Q2. What was the demand of Nana Saheb to the British?
Ans. Nana Saheb, the adopted son of Peshwa Bajirao II pleaded to the British to give him his father’s pension. But
the British refused to do so.
Q3. What were the reasons for the annexation of Awadh by the Company ?
Ans.
● Awadh was one of the last territories to be annexed.
● In 1801, a subsidiary alliance was imposed on Awadh, and in 1856 it was taken over.
● Governor- General Dalhousie declared that Awadh was being misgoverned and British rule was needed to
ensure proper administration.
● The Nawab of Awadh during 1856 was Wajid Ali Shah.

Wajid Ali Shah

Q4. Highlight the reason for discontent among peasants and the sepoys.
Ans.
● Peasants and zamindars from the countryside resented the high taxes and the rigid methods of revenue
collection.
● Many lost their lands as they failed to pay back their loans to the moneylenders.
● The Indian sepoys were unhappy about their pay, allowances and conditions of service.
● When sepoys were told to go to Burma to fight for the Company via sea route, they refused to go but
agreed to go via land route.
● The Company passed a law in 1856, which stated that every new person who took up employment in the
Company’s army had to agree to serve overseas, if required.
Q5 What were the reforms introduced by the Britishers ?
Ans.
● The British reformed Indian society by passing laws to stop the practice of Sati.
● They encourage widow remarriage.
● English education was widely promoted.
● After 1830, Christian missionaries were allowed to function freely and allowed to own land and property.
● A new law was passed in 1850, to convert into Christianity easier. The law allowed Indian Christians to
inherit the property of their ancestors.
Q6. What was the rumour that was spread during the revolt?
Ans. Some sepoys of the regiment at Meerut refused to do the army drill using the new cartridges, which they
suspected of being coated with the fat of cows and pigs.
Q7. Name the leaders of the Revolt of 1857.
Ans.
1. Nana Saheb at Kanpur
2. In Lucknow, Birjis Qadr.
3. In Jhansi, Rani Lakshmibai joined the rebel sepoys along with Tantia Tope.
4. Ahmadullah Shah, a maulvi from Faizabad.
5. Bakht Khan, a soldier from Bareilly.
6. In Bihar, zamindar Kunwar Singh.

Q8. What were the steps taken by the company to suppress the revolt ?
Ans.
● The Company brought reinforcements from England, passed new laws to easily convict the rebels.
● In September 1857, Delhi was recaptured and the last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar was sentenced
to life imprisonment.
● In March 1858, Lucknow was taken and Rani Lakshmibai was defeated and killed in June 1858.
● Tantia Tope was captured, tried and killed in April 1859.
● To win people's loyalty, the British announced rewards for loyal landholders, who will continue to enjoy
traditional rights over their lands.
● If anyone who rebelled against the British surrendered themselves and if they had not killed any white
people, they would remain safe and their rights and claims to land would not be denied.
Q9. What were the consequences of the Revolt of 1857?
Ans. After the end of the popular rebellion of 1857, the British introduced some important changes in their
policies. These changes were:
1. The British Parliament passed a new Act in 1858 and transferred the powers of the East India Company to
the British Crown in order to ensure a more responsible management of Indian affairs.
2. The Governor-General of India was given the title of viceroy, that is, personal representative of the crown.
3. All ruling chiefs of the country were assured that their territory would never be annexed in future. They
were allowed to pass on their kingdoms to their heirs, including adopted sons.
4. It was decided that the proportion of Indian soldiers in the army would be reduced and the number of
European soldiers would be increased.
5. The land property of Muslims was confiscated on a large scale because the British held them responsible
for the rebellion.
6. The customary religions and social practices of the people of India were given due respect.
7. Policies were made to protect landlords and zamindars and give them security of rights over their lands.
Q10. On the political Map of India mark the important places of the 1857 revolt.
1. Meerut
2. Delhi
3. Jhansi
4. Lucknow
5. Kanpur
6. Bareilly
7. Barrackpore