Pre-requisite Knowledge [Q2-ACT1]

LAWS OF EXPONENT E. Easy Try These!

I. What is Exponent? 1. (b3)5 = 4. (m-3)-7 =
- It is a number or symbol written on the upper right
2. (x8) = 5. (___)3 = n45
side of an expression. Sometimes called superscript,
3. (32)2 =
indices, or power. It tells you how many times the
base should be multiplied to itself. F. Average Try These!
1. (a2)2x = 4. (7x)5 =
Examples:
a. 53 is NOT 5 times 3 equals 15, but instead 2. (x4x – 3)2 = 5. (102)__ = 1,000,000 = 106
53 = 5•5•5 = 125 3. (y7)x + 5 =
b. 25 is NOT 2 times 5 equals 10, but instead
IV. POWER OF PRODUCT
25 = 2•2•2•2•2 = 32
“When you have exponents over product of two or more
b is the base. exponential expressions, apply POWER OF POWER to EACH
e
b =a e
is the exponent. exponential expression. Which is to multiply the outer
exponent to each exponent inside the parenthesis
e
b is the exponential expression.
3 a is the simplified form (answer) (ab)m = ambm (axby)m= amxbmy
2 =8 of the exponential expression.
(5ab)2 = 52a2b2 (2a3b6)3 = 23a9b18
A. Evaluate the exponential expressions and perform
the indicated operations. = 25a2b2 = 8a9b18
1. 32 + 53 = 4. -83 + 33 =
G. Easy Try These!
2. 24 – 62 = 5. -23 – (-9)2 =
3. (-4)2 + 73 = 1. (ab)5 = 4. (b7m6)___ = b28m24
2. (2x12)4 = 5. (_______)3 = n6x12y15z
Note: Explain the difference between -a2 and (-a)2
3. (5mp)2 =
II. LAW OF PRODUCT (PRODUCT RULE)
“When you multiply expressions with the same base, you H. Average Try These!
copy the base then add the exponent.”
For the numerical coefficients, since the main operation is 1. (axb3)2 =
multiplication, simply multiply the numerical coefficients. 2. (2x)y =
am • an = a(m + n) 2a3 • 5a5 = 10a8 3. (m-4p10)-2 =
4. (b3m2)____ = b21xm14x
B. Easy Try These! 5. (________)5b = x10by15abz5b
1. b3 • b5 = 4. m7 • m-2 • m =
2. x18 • x-15 = 5. 3n4 • ___ = 6n I. Average Try These!
3. 4y • 3y6 = 6. (34)(32) =
1. (a4br)4 =
C. Average Try These!
1. 5ab3 • 5a2b5 = 4. mp7 • m2 • ____ = m4p7r3
2. (5xy)mp =
2. x8y-2 • x-5y4 = 5. 2h2n4 • ____ = 10h2n5 3. (m-rp-st5)-x =
3. 2y7z3 • 7y5 = 4. (vax2byc)____ = v3adx6bdy3cd
5. (________)jk = xjky5jkz3ajk
D. Difficult Try These!
1. 4b3x • 2b10x = 4. mp • m-2 • m5p + 2 =
V. QUOTIENT OF POWER (QUOTIENT RULE)
2. x8y • x5 = 5. nxy + 6 • _____ = n2xy – 6 “When you divide expressions with the same base, you copy the
3. y7a – 4 • y5 = 6. (52x)(5) = base then subtract the exponent.”
For the numerical coefficients, since the main operation is
multiplication, therefore simply multiply the numerical coefficients
III. POWER OF POWER
“When you have exponents over a parenthesis, multiply the 𝑎𝑛 𝑎5
outer exponent to the inner exponents”
𝑑
= 𝑎(𝑛−𝑑) = 𝑎(5−3) = 𝑎2
𝑎 𝑎3
(am)n= a(m•n) (x4)3 = x12
IMPORTANT REMINDER: When you subtract, ALWAYS do
IMPORTANT REMINDER: NUMERATOR MINUS DENOMINATOR (n – d). Never the
In the example (x4)3 , MULTIPLY the exponents (4 times 3), opposite, denominator minus numerator.
NOT 4 raised to 3.
Laws of Exponent Page 1 of 2
 VII. Negative Exponents
J. Easy Try These! “When you have negative exponents, you may simplify it by
20𝑏15 45𝑚−4
1. = 4. = getting the reciprocal of the expression with negative
4𝑏7 9𝑚−1 exponent.” After reciprocating the expression, the negative
symbol of the exponent must be removed.
𝑥5 24𝑛9
2. = 5. = 4𝑛18 1 1
𝑥9 (______)
𝑎−5 = = 𝑎2
𝑎5 𝑎 −2
212
3. = 3 𝑥 𝑎𝑥
29
3𝑎 −4
= 4 =
𝑎 6𝑎−1 6
K. Average Try These! 𝑦 (5𝑏)−2 1 1
𝑎6𝑥 34𝑏2𝑥+3 = 4𝑏𝑦 = =
1. 𝑥 = 4. = (4𝑏)−1 𝑎 𝑎(5𝑏)2 25𝑎𝑏 2
𝑎 2𝑏𝑥+3
Note: Only the expressions with negative exponents will be
3𝑥 𝑦 105 reciprocated. In 3𝑎−4 , only 𝑎−4 will be reciprocated. Not
2. = 5. = 10,000 = 104 including 3. It is simply like traveling from numerator to
3𝑥 𝑤 10(___)
denominator or vice versa.
𝑦 𝑥+5 N. Easy Try These!
3. =
𝑦9
𝑏 −5
1. =
VI. POWER OF QUOTIENT (POWER OF FRACTION) 𝑐 −7
“When you have exponent over quotient of two exponential
expressions, Apply power of power to the numerator and 𝑎3 𝑥 −2
denominator of the quotient. 2. =
3𝑦 −1
If either the numerator or the denominator has product of
exponential expressions, apply power of product instead of
4𝑎 −3 𝑏 −4
power or power. 3. =
𝑐𝑑4
Power of Quotient simply means, multiply the outer Note: Recheck J. 2 and 4.
exponent to each exponent inside the parenthesis, both on
the numerator and denominator. VIII. Zero Exponents
“Any number or expression that is raised to zero is equal to 1.”
Note: Fractions are also division, and vice versa.

𝑎 𝑛 𝑦
𝑎 𝑛𝑦
𝑎 𝑒 𝑛 𝑔 𝑦
𝑎 𝑒 𝑛𝑦 𝑔𝑦 a0 = 1 (ambn)0 = 1 𝑎𝑛
0
( 𝑑 ) = 𝑑𝑦 ( 𝑑 ℎ ) = 𝑑𝑦 ℎ𝑦 ( 𝑑) = 1
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏 𝑓 𝑏 𝑓 a0b3c0d = 1•b3•1•d = b3d
𝑏
4 3
𝑎2 𝑎8 2𝑎2 𝑒 3
( 𝑏4 𝑓5 ) =
23 𝑎6 𝑒 9
=
8𝑎6 𝑒 9 O. Easy Try These!
( 3 ) = 12 𝑏12 𝑓15 𝑏12 𝑓15
𝑏 𝑏 𝑏15
0
1. ( 7 ) =
𝑐
L. Easy Try These!
3
2 3 𝑎0 𝑥 5
𝑏15 4𝑎3 𝑏2 2. ( 0 9 ) =
1. ( ) = 3. ( ) = 3 𝑦
𝑐7 5𝑐𝑑4
3
4𝑎3 𝑏0
3 3. ( 0 0 0) =
𝑎𝑥 5 5 𝑐 𝑑
2. ( ) =
3𝑦 9
P. Easy Try These!

M. Average Try These! 1. 30 + 40 + 3 =

𝑥𝑦 2
𝑎6 𝑦 𝑥+5 3
1. ( ) = 3. ( ) = 50 + 1
𝑏 𝑥5 2. ( ) =
3 + 1 − 60

2𝑥 𝑦 𝑎 3
2. ( ) = 42 − 30
5𝑏𝑤 3. ( ) =
32

Laws of Exponent Page 2 of 2