QUARTER 2–MODULE 5:

LAWS OF EXPONENTS,
MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION
OF POLYNOMIALS

PREPARED BY:

MARIVIC M. YAMBOT
Teacher III
 Lesson 1
Laws of Exponents
 Exponent- a symbol
an that is written above
and to the right of a
In x², x is the base and 2
number to show how is the exponent.
many times the base An exponent of 1 can be
is to be multiplied by omitted in a term.
Base- the
itself
repeated (e.g. 5x¹ and 4x¹y¹ which
factor in a
power
means and respectively)

The terms 𝑥², 𝑦³ and 𝑧 are called powers and read

as follows:
x² to the second power or x squared
y³ to the third power or y cubed
z to the fourth power or z to the fourth
A power is a number that can be written using an
exponent.
Take note that dot • and parentheses ( ) denote
multiplication
 LAWS OF EXPONENTS
Here are the laws and rules to be considered in deriving
exponents.

1. For any number a, and any positive integer n,

an = a • a • a ... n times
Illustrative Examples:

1.a. 2³= 2 • 2 • 2 =4 • 2= 8
1.b. 4² = 4 • 4= 16
1.c. (-1)⁸=(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)(-1)=1
1.d. -53= -(5)(5)(5)= -125
2. For any number a, and any positive integers m and n,

(am)n = amn power of powers

Illustrative Examples:

2.a (y8 )5= y(5)(8 )= y40

(2x4 )2 = 2(1)(2) x(4)(2) = 22x8 =2•2x8 = 4x

8
2.b.

2.c. (-5m2n5) 3= -5(1)(3)m(2)(3)n(5)(3) = -53m6n15

= (-5) (-5) (-5)m6n15
= -125m6n15
3. For any numbers a and b, and any positive integer m,
( ab)m = ambm power of a product
Illustrative Examples:

3.a. (xy )4 = x4y4

3.b. (2mn )5 = 25m5n5 = 2 • 2 • 2 • 2 • 2m5n5= 32m5n5
4. For any number a, and any positive integers m and n,

am•an = am+n product of a power

Illustrative Examples:

4.a. (x 2)(x2) = x2+2 = x4

4.b. (y5) (y8) (y2) (y) = y5+8+2+1 = y16
4.c. (ab2) (a8b10)= a1+8b2+10 = a9b12
5. For any non-zero number a, and for all integers m and n
with m>n,

am = am-n
an quotient of a power
Illustrative Examples:

x5
5.a = x5-2 = x3
x2
4y10
= (4÷2)y10-1= 2y
9
5.b 2y

5.c -15a6b15 3a4b8

= {(-15)÷ (-5)} a b
6-2 15-7
=
-5a2b7
6. For any numbers a and b, b≠0 and any integer m,

a m am
b = bm Power of a fraction

Illustrative
Examples:

a 5
a5
m = m
2 4 (2)(4) m8
6.a = 6.b = 28
b b5 n7 n(7)(4) n
7. For any non-zero number a,

a0 = 1 law for zero exponent

7.a180 =1 7.c ( -14y 12)0 =1

7.b x0 =1 7.d x0+y0+ z0= 1+1+1 =3

8. For any non-zero number a and any integer n,
1 1 = a-n
a = an
-n and law for negative exponent
a-n
Illustrative Examples:

1 x9 8.c. m-5 = 1
8.a x-9 = =x 9
m5
1
1
8.b. y = y
-1
8.d x-2 = x11
x-11 x2
 ACTIVITY 1

Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the

letter of your answer on a separate sheet/s of paper.
COLUMN A COLUMN B

1. (x9) (x2) A. y35

2. (y7)5 B. x12

3. x15/x8 C. x11

4. 1/x-12 D. x10

5. x30 E. x7
x20
 Lesson 2
Multiplication and Division
of Polynomials
 MULTIPLICATION OF
POLYNOMIALS

A. To multiply a monomial by another monomial,

simply multiply the numerical coefficients then
multiply the literal coefficients by applying the
basic laws of exponent.
Examples:
1. (x3) (x5 )= x8 1. Since . (an) (am) = am+n ,
that is (x3) (x5)= x3+5
 MULTIPLICATION OF
POLYNOMIALS
Examples:

2. (5x2) (-2x3 )= -10x5 Since (5) (-2) = -10 , and

(x2) (x3)= x5

3. (-2x2y) (-4xy3) = 8x3y4

 MULTIPLICATION OF
POLYNOMIALS
B. To multiply a monomial by a polynomial,
simply apply the distributive property and follow
the rule in multiplying monomial by a monomial.
Examples:
DISTRIBUTIVE
1. 2 (x -3x+4)= 2(x )+2 (-3x)+2 (4)
2 2
PROPERTY
= 2x2-6x+8
2. 4x2 (-2x3 - 3x +4) = 4x2( -2x3) + 4x2(-3x) + 4x2 (4)
= -8x5 -12x3 +16x2
Try this one.

Find the product of -5xy3 (ax2 - 5axy + 2y3).

3
• How many terms are there in the product?______

-5ax y
3 3
• The first term is the product of -5xy (ax ) = _______
3 2

• The second term is the product of -5xy3 (- 5axy) = 25ax

_____ y
2 4

-10axy
• The third term is the product of -5xy (2y ) = ______
3 3
6
C. In multiplying a binomial with another binomial, apply
the distributive property twice. Observe how it is done in
the illustration.
Example 1:

(2a + b)(x – y) = 2a(x – y) + b(x – y) Distributive Property

= 2a(x)+2a(-y)+b(x)+b(-y) Distributive Property

=2ax-2ay+bx-by
To help you remember which terms to multiply in finding
the product of two binomials, a simple memory aid called
FOIL method is used. FOIL stands for F(First), O(Outer),
I(Inner) and L(Last). See below how this FOIL method is
used
Example 2:

Multiply ( 3x – 2y)(2x – y)

F: (3x )(2x) Multiply first terms 6x2

O: (3x)(– y) Multiply outer terms: -3xy
I: (– 2y)(2x) Multiply inner terms: -4xy
L: (– 2y)(– y) Multiply last terms: 2y 2

The result is 6x2 -3xy -4xy + 4y2

When you combine like terms, the answer is
6x2 -7xy + 2y2
Try this one.
1. Multiply (2x-4)(-x+5) using FOIL
method.

F: ____________ I:(-4)
(2x) (-x)= -2x (-x)= 4x
2
____________

O:(2x) (5)= 10x L:(-4)

____________ (5)= -20
____________

-2x 2
+14x-20
The product is __________.
D. The distributive property can also be used to multiply
polynomials of any number of terms. Observe how it is done
below.
Example 1:
(x-5)(x2-2x+1) = x(x2-2x+1) – 5(x2-2x+1) Distributive Property
=x3 -2x2 +x -5x2 +10x -5
=x3 -7x2 +11x -5 Combining like terms
Example 2:

(x2+3x-4)(4x3+5x-1)= x2(4x3+5x-1)+3x(4x3+5x-1)-4(4x3+5x-1)
=4x5 + 5x3- x2+ 12x4+ 15x2 - 3x - 16x3 - 20x + 4
=4x5+12x4-11x3 + 14x2 - 23x + 4
Another way to do it is by vertical method. Study and learn
from the following illustration:

1. Multiply (x-2)(2x-4) by vertical method.

A x-2 B x-2
2x-4 2x-4
-4x +8 2x2 -4x
2x2 -4x -4x +8
2x2 -8x +8 2x2 -8x +8
DIVISION OF POLYNOMIALS

A. In dividing a monomial by a monomial, divide the

numerical coefficients and express the quotient as a
rational number in simplest form. Then apply the laws
of exponent and make all exponents positive.

Examples: Since 24÷8=𝟑 and am ÷an = am-n ,

1. 24𝑚2𝑛4 = 3𝑛2
then,
8𝑚3𝑛2 m m2÷m3 =m-1= 𝟏 and n4÷n2=n2
m

2. −20𝑥3𝑦5
= -5xy3
4𝑥 𝑦
2 2
 B. In dividing a polynomial by a monomial, divide each
term of the polynomial by the given divisor.
Examples:

1. 16x5 – 20x4 + 4x3 -4x3 +5x2 -x

-4x2
B. -4x2 16x5-20x4+4x3
16x 5
– 20x 4
+ 4x3
A.
4x2
or 16x5
-20x4
= 16x5 – 20x4 + 4x3
-4x2 -4x2 -4x2 -20x4
4x3
= -4x3 + 5x2 –x 4x3
0
 C. In dividing a polynomial by a polynomial with more than one term, using
the long division method, follow the procedure in dividing numbers by long
division.

These are some suggested steps to follow:

1. Check the dividend and the divisor if it is in standard form. (Arrange
the terms in descending order of powers.) Insert 0 for the missing terms
of the dividend or the divisor.

2. Set-up the long division by writing the division symbol where the
divisor is outside the division symbol and the dividend inside it.

3. You may start the Division, Multiplication, Subtraction and Bring

Down cycle.

4. You can stop the cycle when:

a. the quotient (answer) has reached the constant term.
b. the exponent of the divisor is greater than the exponent of the
dividend.
 Examples:
1. Divide 208 by 3.

1 1
Thus, 208 = 69+ = 69
3 3
3.

Generally, you write 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑑 = 𝑞𝑢𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 + 𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟

𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑠𝑜𝑟
.
2. Divide 3x3 – 4x2 – 10x – 5 by 3x +1

x2 -x -3
Divide 3x3 by 3x
3x+1 3x3 – 2x2 – 10x – 5 Multiply x2 by 3x + 1.
3x3 + x2 Subtract and bring down the next term
-3x2 –10x Divide – 3x2 by 3x
-3x2 – x Multiply –x by 3x +1.

-9x - 5 Subtract and bring down the next term

-9x - 3 Repeat the steps.
Stop when then remainder is 0
-2 or it is less than the divisor

Thus, the quotient is x2 – x – 3 -2

3𝑥+1
 ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Perform the indicated operations. Write

your answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

1. (2x2y3z)(-3x2y4z5) 4. 𝑥3+8
𝑥−2

2. 3x2(4x3 – 2x +5) 5. 2𝑥3−3𝑥2−10𝑥−6

2𝑥+1

3. (x-3)(x2 + 2x +1)
 ACTIVITY 3

Directions: Solve the following problems and write your

answers on a separate sheet/s of paper.

1. The area of the rectangle is given by the polynomial

expression  x3-2x2-6x+12 and its length given by x-Find
the width of the rectangle .

2. Find the area of the rectangle whose length is 2x+4

and the width is x+6