MEMORY ORGANIZATION

BY:NORHAYATI AHMAD
 MEMORY
• Memory is a device for storing binary data on a long term or on a
short-term basis.
• Basic types of memories are semiconductor, magnetic and optical.
• In a computer, memory can be divided into two main categories;
Main memory and Secondary memory.
 Primary memory

• Main memory or internal memory

• Directly accessible to microprocessor
• Use for executing and storing programs
• Fast enough to keep up with the execution speed
• Two types of main memory:
1) Read-only Memory (ROM)
2) Random-access Memory (RAM)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJ4dA
FI7xLw
 ROM (Read only memory)

• μP can read only from the memory

• Use for programs and data that need not be altered
• Non-volatile – retains stored information even if the power is
turned off
• Contains BIOS of system
 Types of ROM

• Masked ROM
(PROM)
• Programmable ROM (PROM)
• Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM)
• Electrically EPROM (EEPROM)
• Flash Memory
EPROM
 RAM (Random Access Memory)

• μP can write into or read from the memory

• It stores the data temporary.
• Needs power to work when the computer is turned off.
(Volatile)
• Two types of RAM:
a) Static RAM (SRAM)
b) Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
– This circuit have its separate space or slot in motherboard
– It allows the computer to run the software faster.
Different between ROM and Ram
RAM ROM

Random Access Memory or RAM is Read-only memory or ROM is also

a form of data storage that can be
accessed randomly at any time, in
any order and from any physical
Definition location., allowing quick access and
manipulation.
a form of data storage that can not
be easily altered or reprogrammed.
Stores instructions that are not
necessary for re-booting up to
make the computer operate when it
is switched off. They are hardwired.

Stands for Random Access Memory Read-only memory

RAM allows the computer to read ROM stores the program required
Use
data quickly to run applications. It to initially boot the computer. It only
allows reading and writing. allows reading.

RAM is volatile i.e. its contents are It is non-volatile i.e. its contents are
Volatility lost when the device is powered off. retained even when the device is
powered off.
The two main types of RAM are The types of ROM include PROM,
Types
static RAM and dynamic RAM. EPROM and EEPROM.
SDR-SDRAM
 Measure computer memory
Bit – smallest unit of computer memory
Byte – 8-bit = I byte
Kilobyte – 1024kb = 1 kb
Megabyte – 1024 kb = 1mb
Gigabyte – 1024 mb – 1 gb
Terabyte – 1024gb = 1 tb
 Memory

• A memory stores a large number of bits.

• These bits can be viewed as m words and of n bits per word,
for a total of m x n bits memory.
• i.e: - 8 x 4 memory or 8-by-4 memory can store 32 bits.
- m = 2k = 8 words
- n = 4 bits per word = 4 input/output data lines
- k = 3 address lines