Reviewer for History

BSN 1-D

The First Voyage Around the World by Magellan by Antonio Pigafetta

 ❖ Marianas Islands (First Island)

o ⎯ Located south-southeast of Japan, west southwest of Hawaii, north of New
Guinea, and east of

Philippines.

o ⎯ Island of the thieves

 ❖ 10 days after they reached Landrones Island
o ⎯ Isle of Zamal, now Samar.
o ⎯ March 18
o ⎯ 9 men
o ⎯ The natives gave them fish, palm wine (uruca), figs and two cochos. The natives
also gave them rice (umai), cocos, and other food supplies.
o ⎯ Pigafetta described the people as “Very familiar and friendly”
 ❖ The fleet went to Humunu Island (Homonhon) (Second Island)
 ❖ “Watering Place of Good Signs” (Third Island)
o ⎯ it is in this place where Pigafetta wrote that they found the first signs of gold in
the island.
o ⎯ St. Lazaruz
 ❖ March 25th
o ⎯ Two balanghai (balangay)
o ⎯ a longboat of people in Mazzava/Mazaua.
o ⎯ The Leader, who Pigafetta referred to as the king of the balanghai (balangay), sent
his men to the ship

of Magellan to offer them gold bars.

⎯ After a few days, Magellan was introduced to the king’s brother who was also a
o
king of another island.
o ⎯ They went to this island and Pigafetta reported that they saw mines of gold.
 ❖ Raia Calambu, king of Zuluan and Calagan (Butuan and Caragua).
 ❖ The first king was Raia Siagu.
 ❖ March 31st
o ⎯ which happened to be Easter Sunday, Magellan ordered the chaplain to preside
a Mass by the

shore.

o ⎯ Magellan ordered that the cross be brought with nails and crown in place.
o ⎯ The king concurred and allowed for the cross to be planted.
o ⎯ This Mass would go down in history as the First Mass in the Philippines.
 ❖ After 7 days

 ➢ Ceylon (Leyte)
 ➢ Bohol
  ➢ Zzubu (Cebu)

 ❖ Raha Humabon – king of Cebu.

 ❖ Raia Calambu – offered to pilot them in going to Cebu

⎯ the largest and the richest of the islands.

 ⎯ By April 7th of the same year, Magellan and his men reached the port of Cebu.
 ⎯ The king of Cebu, demanded to pay tribute as it was cutomary, but Magellan refused.
 ⎯ They made friends.
 ⎯ By the next day, Magellan’s men, and the king of Cebu, met in an open space.
 ⎯ There, the king offered a bit of his blood and demanded that Magellan do the same.

❖ Sanduguan / blood compact

➢ Intended to seal a friendship or treaty, or to validate an agreement.

❖ April 14th
➢ The King of Cebu (Raha Humabon) was then baptized as a Christian.

❖ After 8 days

 ⎯ All of the island’s inhabitants were already baptized.

 ⎯ The mass was conducted in the shore every day.
 ⎯ The queen came to the Mass, and Magellan gave her an image of the Infant Jesus
made by

Pigafetta himself.

 ⎯ Magellan reiterated to burn their idols, but the natives gave excuses.
 ⎯ Heal a sick man.
 ⎯ Magellan insisted that they should instead put their faith in Jesus Christ.
 ⎯ They went to the sick man and baptized him. Pigafetta recorded that the man was able
to speak

again. He called this a miracle.

❖ Father Pedro de Valderrama – the Andalusian chaplain of the fleet.

❖ April 26th
Zula – a principal man from the island of Matan (Mactan), who asked for a boat full of
men to Magellan, so that he would be able to fight the chief named Silapulapu
(Lapulapu).

 ⎯ Magellan offered three boats instead and expressed his desire to go to Mactan himself
to fight the said chief.
 ⎯ They numbered 49 in total
 ⎯ The islanders of Mactan were estimated 1500.
 ⎯ Magellan was pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right leg
 ⎯ One native with a great sword delivered a blow in Magellan’s left leg brought him face
down and

the natives ceaselessly attacked Magellan with lances, swords, and even with their bare hands.
The KKK and the “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
The Kataastaasan,Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK) or

Katipunan is arguably the most important organization formed in the Philippine history. (1) A
united Filipino nation that would revolt against the Spaniards for

(2) Total independence of the country from Spain,

Diego Silang

⎯ was known as an Ilocano who took up his arms and ked one of the longest running revolts in
the country.

El Rey de Ilocos

⎯ The King of Ilocos

Propaganda Movements

 ⎯ Marcelo H. del Pilar

 ⎯ Graciano Lopez Jaena
 ⎯ Jose Rizal

1. Equalrights
2. Representation

3. Protection from abuses of friars

 ❖ One of the most important Katipunan documents were the Kartilya ng Katipunan.
 ❖ “Manga (sic) Aral Nang (sic) Katipunan ng mga A.N.B.” or Lessons of the
Organization of the Sons

of Country

Emilio Jacinto

o ⎯ 18 years old
o ⎯ Law student at the Universidad de Santo Tomas
o ⎯ He became the secretary of the organization and took charge of the short-lived
printing press of

the Katipunan

o ⎯ April 15, 1897 – Bonifacio appointed Jacinto as a commander of the

Katipunan in Northern

Luzon.

o ⎯ He died of malaria at a young age of 24 in the town of Magdalena, Laguna

❖ The Kartilya can be treated as the Katipunan’s code of conduct.

 o ⎯ 14 rules and can be classified into 2
o ⎯ Frist group – the rules that will make the member an upright individual
o ⎯ Second group – rules that will guide the way he treats his fellowmen

“Proclamation of the Philippine Independence”

Philippine Independence

 ⎯ June 12, 1898

 ⎯ Cavite
 ⎯ 333 years of Spanish colonization

❖ The declaration was a short 2,000-word document.

 ⎯ Summarized the reason behind the revolution against Spain, the war for independence,
and the future

of the new republic under Emilio Aguinaldo.

 ⎯ Abused by the Civil Guards

 ⎯ Unlawful shooting of prisoners whom they alleged as attempting to escape
 ⎯ Unequal protection of the law between the Filipino people and the eminent personages
 ⎯ Moreover, the line mentions the avarice and greed of the clergy like the friars and the
archbishop

himself

 ⎯ The passage also condemns what they saw as the unjust deportation and rendering of
other decision

without proper hearing, expected of any civilized nation.

1. Narrates the spread of the movement “like and electric spark” through different
towns and provinces
2. Rizal’s execution, calling it unjust
3. Cavite Mutiny of January 1872

GOMBURZA

 ⎯ Jose Burgos
 ⎯ Mariano Gomez
 ⎯ Jacinto Zamora

Philippine Flag
❖ The white triangle

⎯ represents the distinctive emblem of the famous Katipunan Society which means of its
compact blood urged on the masses of the people to insurrection

❖ The three stars

⎯ represent the three principal Islands of this Archipelago, Luzon, Visayas, Mindanao and Panay.
❖ The sun
⎯ represents the gigantic strides that have been made by the sons of this land on the road of progress

and civilization.

❖ The eight rays

⎯ symbolizing the eight provinces of Manila, Cavite, Bulacan, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Bataan,

Laguna and Batangas

❖ The colors blue, red and white

⎯ commemorate those of the flag of the United States of North America, manifestation of our

profound gratitude towards that Great Nation

Chapter 3: One past but many stories: Controversies and Conflicting views in the Philippine History

Lesson 1: Site of the First Mass

 ❖ Landing on Philippine Shore (Short recap)

⎯ When Ferdinand Magellan and his European crew sailed from San Lucar de Barrameda
for an

expedition to search for spices, these explorers landed on the Philippines after their voyage
from the proximate areas. On March 28, 1521, while at sea, they saw a bonfire which turned
out to be Limasawa where they anchored.

 ❖ Blood Compact

⎯ The island's sovereign ruler was Rajah Siaiu. When Magellan and comrades set foot on the grounds

of Limasawa, he befriended the Rajah Kulambu of Butuan. In those days, it was customary among
the indigenous----- and in most of southeastAsia---- to seal friendship with a blood compact. On
instigation of Magellan who had heard the Malayan term of it, casi casi, the new friends performed
the ritual. This was the first recorded blood compact between Filipinos and Spaniards. Gifts were
exchanged by two parties when the celebration had ended.

 ❖ Antonio Pigafetta
o ⎯ He travelled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and his crew on
their first Voyage

around the World.

⎯ Was one of the 18 men who returned in Spain in 1522. ⎯ (1491-1531)

o
 ❖ Ferdinard Magellan
o ⎯ A Portuguese navigator, attempting to sail around the world for Spain to prove
that the earth is round.
o ⎯ Magellan and his expedition were the first Europeans to reach the Philippines,
a stop on the first

a circumnavigation of the globe.

 ⎯ (1480-1521)

 ❖ Fray Pedro De Valderrama

o ⎯ The Andalusian chaplain of the fleet.
o ⎯ Was sent ashore with some men to prepare for a mass and to inform Rajah
Kolambu, through an

interpreter.

⎯ The one who officiate & conducted the First Mass

o
⎯ (1550-1611)
o
 ❖ The First Mass
o ⎯ On March 31, 1521, Easter Sunday in Limasawa Island, Leyte. Magellan
ordered a mass to be

celebrated which was officiated by Father Pedro Valderrama, the Andalusian

chaplain of the fleet.

o ⎯ Conducted near the shores of the island, the Holy First Mass marked the birth
of Roman Catholicism in the Philippines. Colambu and Siaiu were the first
natives of the archipelago, which

was not yet named "Philippines".

o ⎯ On April 14, 1521, Humabon – along with his wives, relatives, courtiers, and
practically the entire

populace of Cebu – was baptized by Father Valderama.

o ⎯ Humabon was named Carlos, in honor of the King Charles I of Spain, while his
principal wife was

named Juana, after King Charles' mother, Johanna.

❖ The Baptism
⎯ The first Mass in Cebu was celebrated, and almost 500 Cebuanos were baptized, among them are

Rajah Homonhon and Rajah Kolambu. Magellan also gave Juana an image of the Sto. Niño [holly
child Jesus] as a gift, and had a large cross, erected, to mark the baptismal site.

❖ Planting the Cross

 ⎯ Magellan's chronicler, Antonio Pigafetta, who recorded the event said:

 ⎯ "After the cross was erected in position, each of us repeated a Pater Noster and Ave Maria,
and adored

the cross; and the kings [Columbu and Siaiu] did the same."

❖ Proclamation of the National Shrine

⎯ On June 19, 1960, Republic Act No. 2733, called the Limasawa Law, was enacted without being
signed by the President of the Philippines. The legislative flat declared the site in Magellanes,
Limasawa Island in the Province of Leyte, where the first Mass in the Philippines was held is
hereby declared a national shrine to commemorate the birth of Christianity in the Philippines.

❖ Historical Controversies ➢ Masao

⎯ Other Filipino historians has long contested the idea of Limasawa as the site of the first Catholic
mass in the country. Historian Soria Zaide identified Masao (also Mazaua) in Butuan as the
location of the first Christian mass. Basis of Zaide's claim is the diary of Antonio Pigafetta,
chronicles of Magellan's voyage. In 1995 then Congresswoman Ching Plaza of Agusan del Norte -
Butuan City field a bill in Congress contesting the Limasawa hypothesis and asserting the "site of the
first mass" was Butuan. The Philippine Congress referred the matter to the National Historical
Institute for it to study the issue and recommend a historical finding. Then NHI chair Dr. Samuel K.
Tan reaffirmed Limasawa as the site of the first mass.

Chapter 4: Identification of the Historical Importance of the Text

❖ Historical Significance
⎯ Used to evaluate what was significance about selected events, people, and developments in the

past.
⎯ Called the forgotten concept in history.

❖ Criteria on assessing historical significance of sources 1. Relevance

⎯ Is it important to people living at the time? 2. Resonance

⎯ Who were affected by the event? 3. Remarkable

⎯ Was the event remarked by people? 4. Remembered

⎯ Was the event important at some stage within the collective memory of groups? 5. Revealing

⎯ Does it reveal some aspects of the past? 6. Resultinginchange

⎯ Does it have consequences for the future? 7. Durability

⎯ For how long have people's live been affected? 8. Quantity

⎯ How many people were affected? 9. Profundity

⎯ Was the event superficial or deeply affecting?

❖ Issues on assessing Historical Significance

1. Our view on historical significance is shaped by contemporary context and depends on our
own values

interest and knowledge.

 2. History is written by the victor. Historical significance is how we define the past events that
current

writer of history deems important

3. Historical significance is relative and varies from location to location of the one doing the
evaluation

1. DeterminingTheAuthors’sPurpose

⎯ The author’s purpose is the reason the source was created. The author’s purpose is his or her reason
for or intent in writing a text, a line, a paragraph, an essay, a story, etc.

a. PurposeinWriting

1. To Persuade - the author wants you to believe, do or buy something.

 Persuasive writing
 Advertisement, Campaign Speeches, Persuasive letters, Opinions, etc.
2. To Inform - the author wants to give you information or instructions
 Expository writing
 Documents, Contracts, Law, Rules. etc.

3. To Narrate or Recount - the author wants to relate a story or recount past events.

 Narrative writing
 History text, Non-fiction books, Biographies, Newspapers, etc.

4. To Describe - the author wants you to visualize experience of what something or someone
looks like or feels like.

 Descriptive writing
 Stories, Poems, Drama, Songs etc.

5. To Explain - the author wants to tell you how to do something or how something works.
 Expository writing
 Instructions, Directions, Step-by-step procedures, Operations Manual, etc.
6. To Entertain - the author wants to amuse you or for you to enjoy the writing itself.
 Creative writing
 Novels, Stories, Drama, Songs, etc.

b. ACombinationofPurposes

 ⎯ Political Cartoons - inform and entertain.

 ⎯ Newspaper Editorials - inform and persuade.
 ⎯ TV Commercial - informative and entertaining; convince and persuade.

c. Persuasive Text

⎯ The purpose of persuasive texts is to convince you of something - either to believe an idea, or
buy a product, or to do something.

4. Why Identify Purpose?

 ⎯ When you understand why a source was created, it helps you think critically about what
information is there, what information is missing, what you can expect to take away
from the source.

5. How to Identify Purpose

⎯ Identifying the author’s purpose can at time be challenging. There are a few questions you can ask
yourself as you read a text that will help you identify purpose.

➢ Step 1: First, ask, “Why did the author create/ write this text?”
⎯ Sometime, the reason is very obvious. Yes, author may sate it, or you may be able to tell from

the type of media used.

➢ Step 2: If the author’s purpose isn’t obvious, ask “How did this make me feel?

⎯ How you react to a text is a great indicator as to the author's purpose. Author's often trying to
elicit very specific emotions from their readers. Do you feel compelled to go buy a product that
was mentioned? Are you rolling on the floor at the end of the article?

➢ Step 3: Look for Clue Words to find the author’s purpose. Compare: Author wants to show
similarities between ideas
Clue Words: both, simply, in the same way, like, just as

Contrast: Author wants to show differences between ideas Clue Words: however, but dissimilarly,
on the other hand

Criticize: Author wants to give a negative opinion of an idea

Clue Words: Look for a word that show the author’s negative opinion. Judgement words like “bad”,
“wasteful,” and “poor” all demonstrate negative opinions.

Describe/Illustrate: Author wants to paint a picture of an idea

Clue Words: Look for words that provide descriptive detail. Adjectives like “red,” “lusty,” “morose,”
“striped,” “sparkling,” and “crestfallen” are all illustrative.

Explain: Author wants to break down an idea into simpler terms

Clue Words: Look for words that turn a complicated process into simple language. A “descriptive”
text will use more adjectives. An “explanatory” text will usually be used with a complicated idea.

Identify/list: Author wants to tell the reader about an idea or series of ideas
Clue Words: Text that identifies or lists, will name an idea or series of ideas without providing much
description or opinion.

Intensify: Author wants to make an idea greater

Clue Words: Text that intensifies will add more specific details to the idea. Look for superlative
adjectives and “bigger” concepts. A baby sadly crying is descriptive, but a baby mournfully howling
red checked for 30 minutes is more intense.

Suggest: Author wants to propose an idea

Clue Words: “Suggest” answers are usually positive opinions and try to sway the reader to believe.
The author will provide a point, then use details to prove it.
f. Underline the clue words

⎯ it helps to use that pencil in your hand when you're reading if you're unsure what the author purpose
is. As you read, underline the clue words in the text to help you get a better idea.

❖ Determine the Author’s Main Argument

1. To find the argument, first look at the TITLE of the text. Titles usually indicate the writer’s

purpose/position. Some argument writers may state the argument in the title and NOT state it

anywhere else.

2. If you can’t find it in the TITLE, look in the INTRODUCTION paragraph (usually near the
end).

*Note: sophisticated writers sometimes do not state their argument until the end.

3. If you can’t find it in the INTRODUCTION, look in the CONCLUSION paragraph.

A. Stephen Toulmin's Argument Model

⎯ The Toulmin method is a style of argumentation that breaks arguments down into six
component parts: claim, grounds, warrant, qualifier, rebuttal, and backing. A claim is the
assertion that authors would like to prove to their audience. The grounds are the evidence and
facts that help support the claim.