HNC Student TMA / Portfolio – CELESTIAL NAVIGATION LO2,3,4(A)

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Name Shantanu kumar ray Full Class Code NNHNCNOTSC/F201B

Student Subject
Number
30412475 (only one per portfolio)
Celestial Navigation LO2,3,4
Submission
1 Student Email Shantanu11ray@gmail.com
Number

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Guidance for Celestial Navigation Portfolio LO 2 / 3 /4 (A)

This guidance relates to learning outcomes 2, 3 and 4 and does not include LO1.
Included within all portfolios for LO2, 3 and 4 must be evidence to support understanding of ALL of the
following:

1. (i)Amplitudes:
a. how to use them to obtain a true bearing
b. provide evidence of application of deviation and variation

Qus- given time and date –sunset 23rd January D. R Position 53°19’N 066°28’W bearing
observed 234°C and 238°G, variation 4°E.
Using above data find out the true bearing deviation compass error and gyro error.

a) using above data obtain a true bearing-

we take amplitudes of the sun when it is on rational horizon, we always used to take
observe bearing of sun at the time of sunset and sunrise then furthure we can
calculate compass error

so first of all by using latitude we will find the sunset local mean time from almanac we also
need to interpolate accordingly-
By interpolating we will get LMT of sunset from latitude 53°19’N (we will use almanac)
Latitude time
52° 16h 31m
53°19’ ?
54° 16h 23m

02° 08m
01°19’(1°.3) x

So x =1.3x8/02°
= 5.2666
=5m26s(so we will consider approximate 5 minut)
So LMT time for latitude 53°19 =16h31m – 5m
LMT =16h26m
So from the longitude we can find out the LIT = long /15
=066°28’W/15
=04h25m52s
Then using LMT and LIT we can find out the GMT TIME-( because we are west of GMT time
so will add LIT time in LMT to get the GMT time ) hence-

LMT 23d 16h 26 m 00s

+
 LIT 04h 25m 52s

GMT 23d 20 h 51m 52s

So our GMT time wiil be 23rd January 20h52m(rounding off to the nearest minutes)

So from the GMT time we will enter to the almanac and we will get declination of the sun and
we will apply d correction which is in same column bottom of the page as value of declination
is decreasing so we wiil subtract d correction value in order to get exact declination-

Declination sun = 19°19.3’ s

D (correction)- = (-) 00.2’
declination = S19°19.1’
so from the formula we can get cos amp = sin dec
coslat

so cosAmp = sin19°19.1’
cos53°19’
= cos inverse 0.55376

We name amplitude depending if sun is rising or setting if rising we will name east and setting
we name west this question sun is setting so west and N/S dependin on sun declination here
declination is south -
Amp = S56.4W
So true bearing = 236.4T(180+56.4)
True bearing = 236.4° T

(b) proof of to get the deviation and variation- Compass - 234°C(given in Q)

True bearing- 236.4T (we got)

Compass error- 2.4°E (as we know compass

least error east and compass west error west

So to find out the deviation as we know formula –

CE = variation + deviation
2.4E = 4°E + deviation
Deviation= 2.4E – 4w(after solving )

deviation = 1.6°W

1(ii)-BY using amplitude use to obtain a evidence of true bearing and deviation-
Q)From the below given information find out the true bearing and deviation
DR position - 59˚02’S 160˚21’E
Sunrise time and date 26th march
Compass course = 096˚C
Varation =06°W

Answer-
So firstly we will find the LMT from given date and DR position(enter with latitude in almanac and
interpolate in between and get the LMT of sunrise for given latitude 59˚02’S )

To get the sunrise local mean time interpolation shown below-

Latitude Time

58˚ S 06h16m
60˚ S 06h17m
2˚ 01m
1˚02’ x

x = 1˚02’ ×01
2˚
x = 0.5166 second

(sunrise) LMT = 06h16m + 52 second

= 06 h 16m52 s
LMT = 06h 17m (rounding off to nearest minutes)
SO now we have LMT time and from long/15 we can LIT so that we will subtract LIT from LMT as
LIT is east and we are east of Greenwich time-

LMT= 06h 17m

LIT = (-) 10h 41m 24s (long divide by 15 and we will subtract because
We are east og GMT
GMT = 25thmarch 19h 35m 36S

So we wiil get after rounding off to the nearest GMT 25th March 1936

So for latitude 59˚02’S exact GMT will be GMT 25th March 1936.

Now we will enter the almanac with exact GMT time and date we will find the declination for
25thmarch 1900 is N 1˚59.5’ after getting declination we will find the value of d correction which
will find same page (bottom of the page in same column) for there we got value (1.0) and then
we will go for increment as 36’ so we will get the value from increment table which is 0.6’ and after
adding it we wiil get correct declination for 25 th march 1936.

Declination for 25march 1900 = N 1˚59.5’

D correction for 36’ (d= 1.0 ) = (+) 0.6’

 Declination for 1936 = N 2°00.1’

Sin Amplitude = Sin Declination/Cos of latitude

=Sin 2°00.1’/Cos 59°02’

Amplitude=Sin inverse 0.67883
Amplitude=E3.9°N (naming of amplitude is explained in above example)

True Course=90°-3.9°=086.1˚T

True course = 086.1°T

B)Deviation

True Course=86.1˚T
Course course=096˚C

Compass Error=9.9˚W (as we know compass best error best so here compass is best so error is
best
Variation=6˚W given in question
As we know-
CE = Var+/-Dev
9.9 °W =6°w + Dev
Dev =9.9°W

Deviation=3.9˚W

2. Azimuths and how to use them to obtain a true bearing

a. how to use them to obtain a true bearing

b. provide evidence of application of0 deviation and variation

Q2)17th JUNE 1700 Hours.Apporx ship time ,DR position 36˚51’N 176˚12’E.Chronometer time =04h 55m
02s.Chrono. Error=02 m 34s slow.

Observe the bearing 272˚ Compass,277˚Gyro, Variation 5˚ E.

Answer)Chronometer Time= 04h 55m 02s

Error SLOW = 02M 34S (Error slow hence we add)
Correct chrono. Time = 04h 57m 36s
LIT (East) = 11h 44 m 48s (Long/15)
LMT =16H 42M 24S (LIT is in East hence we add)
 Correct GMT time is 17th June 4h 57m 36s.
Now we will enter the almanac with date and time we find GHA for 17 june 0400hrs the get
the increment for 57m36s add them both to find the correct GHA time.

GHA =239˚48.9’
Increment =14˚24.0’ (+)
Correct GHA= 254˚12.9’
Longitude(+E)=176˚12.0’
Local hour angle = 430˚24.9’
LHA = 360˚00.0’ (-)
LHA = 070˚24.9’
We find the above LHA we have applied longitude to GHA time because long in east so LHA
which is more than 360° so we will subtract 360° then we will get correct LHA .
For the getting declination from almanac table we need to enter almanac with date and
time 0400 hrs get the declination for that time and d coorection we wiil find same column bottom of
the page then we will look for increment 57m36s which is 00.1’ add them together to get correct
declination.

Declination= N23˚22.5
D correction= 00.1’ (+)
Declination= N23˚22.6’

A=Tan lat/Tan LHA

=tan 36˚51’/ Tan 070˚24.9
A=0.26665 S
For the naming the value of A we always named opposite of latitude except when LHA will be in
between 90°to 270°.

B=Tan Dec/Sin LHA

=Tan 23˚22.6/Sin 070˚24.9
B= 0.45879 N
Naming of B we we do same as declination so here declination is N so naming of B will be N.

C=A-B (Different hemispheres so subtract)

C=0.26665-0.45879
C=0.19214 N
Add the value of A and B if the hemisphere will be same diff hemisphere subtrsact and name the
value of the which component is greater.s o here different hemisphere so we subtract and named
N because component of north is grater.

Tan Azimuth=1/C×Cos latitude

=1/0.19214 × Cos 36˚51’N
Azimuth =Tan inverse 1/0.19214 × Cos 36˚51’N
Azimuth =N 81.26˚W=N 81.3˚W
Azimuth naming we do named by C and LHA is 0° to 180° body is west of observer if LHA is 180°
to 360° body is east of the observer.

True Bearing=278.7˚T (360˚-81.3˚)

True Bearing=278.7˚T

B)Deviation
True Bearing= 278.7˚T
Gyro Bearing= 277.0˚ (gyro low error low)
Gyro Error =1.7˚ Low

True Bearing = 278.7˚T

Compass Bearing=272.0˚C
Compass Error = 6.7˚E (Compass Least error East Compass West error best)

So here compass is least hence error is East.

Compass Error=Variation + Deviation

6.7˚E =5˚E+Deviation
6.7˚ E-5˚W =Deviation
1.7˚ East= Deviation
So deviation = 1.7°E

PLANETS(AZIMUTH)

Q1) Jupiter ships time 0300 date 22nd

January DR position 40°10’S 160°18’w

Chronometer time =02h 01 m 06s

Error (fast ) = 03m 08s

Compass bearing 265°c and variation = 5°W

Find out the compass erroe and deviation.

ANSWER- First of all we will correct the chronometer time –

Chron DD HH MM SS
time
22jan 02 01 06
Chron 03 08
error -
(fast)
Corr 22 01 57 58
chron

Correct GMT DD HH MM SS
22 13 57 58(we need to add 12 hrs to match with chron time)
 LIT 10 41 12 (longitude/15,Since longitude is W so subtract)
LMT 22 03 16 46 (this LMT time is matching with ships time )
So the exact GMT time will be-

Correct GMT =22nd Jan 13h 57m 58s

Going to almanac for 22nd of jan for 13 hrs GHA value for Jupiter (planet) and then go to the
increment for 57m58s we will get increment value for Jupiter and the bottom of the page we will
find v correction (we always add v corre sometimes for venus we subtract according to tje
almanac) add all three together we get correct GHA time-

GHA = 267°41.5’
Increment = 14° 29.5’
V correction = 02.3’
Correct GHA = 282°13.3
Longitude W = 160°18.0’ (-)
Local Hour Angle = 121°55.3’
Then we need to find out the LHA time for that we have to subtract from GHA because longitude
is west .
Declination=N 17°13.6’
D correc. = 00.0’
Declination= N 17°13.6’
Again going to the almanac from GMT date and time find out declination for planet Jupiter appy d
correction which bottom of the page find exact declination.

A=Tan Lat/Tan LHA

= Tan 40°10’/Tan 121°55.3’
=0.52583 S
For the component name a wiil be naming opposite to the latitude unless LHA is between 90 to
270.

B=Tan Declination/Sin LHA

=Tan 17°13.6’/Sin 121°55.3’
=0.36530 N B is always we name same as declination

C=A-B (Different hemispheres hence subtract and name greater value )

C=0.52583-0.36530
C=0.16053 S

Tan Azimuth=1/c×cos lat

=1/0.16053× cos 40°10’
Azimuth =Tan inverse 1/0.16053×cos 40°10’
Azimuth =S 83.0° W
naming of azimuth S we got from C because name of c is south and W we got from LHA becuse
LHA is between 0°to 180°

True Bearing=180°+83°=263°T
True bearing =263°T
Compass bearing=265° C
True bearing =263°T
Compass Error = 2°W (Compass best Error West)

CE= variation+ deviation

2°=5° W + deviation
2°-5°E = Deviation

3°E = Deviation
Deviation = 3° E

3. The Meridian passage of a celestial body (not Polaris) in order to calculate the latitude of
an observer

QUS- given data- Date: 29th June and vessel is keeping GMT + 2 hours D R position 23º
15´N , 25º 55´E Sextant Altitude 89º 48.0´ sun lower limb Index Error: 0.5´ On the arc HOE
10.7 m Sun passed to the North of the Observer at Meridian Passage.

Solution- we will inter the almanac for the date of 29th june we will find out the mer passage time
for the sun we find mer pass time 12h 03m this is local mean time of the place so we will apply
LIT to LMT time in order to get GMT time-

LMT = 12h 03m

LIT (-) = 01h 44m (long /15)as we are east of GMT so we will subtract
GMT = 10h 19m 29thjune
Zone time = +2h

Ship time = 12h29m (exact ship time )

We will go to the alumanac with exact GMT time and we will get apply d coorection and we will
find correct declination-
Declination =N 23°13.5’
D Correc.(0.1)=(+)0.00’
Declination =N 23°13.5

Sextant Altitude=89°48.0’
Index Error =(-) 0.5’ (on the arc so we subtract)
Observed Altitude=89°47.5
DIP =(-) 5.8’ (Height of eye=10.7m so we will get DIP from altitude
Apparent altitude =89°41.7 correction table) X
Total correction = 15.9(+) (we apply total corr for Lower Limb hence add,) TZD
Total Altitude = 89°57.6’
Now we have true altitude from that we can obtainTZD.
To find out th true zenith distance
We need to substract true altitude from 90° Z
TZD =90°-TA DECLINATION
=90°-89°57.6’
TZD =0°2.4’
To find out the observe altitude
I have made figure tried to explain EQUATOR
Sun will be north of the observer
So observer will be south of it so we will subtract
Declination from TZD to get the observe altitude.
And the sun wiil be exactly ooo° T bearing

Declination =N 23° 13.5’

TZD = (-) 0° 2.4’
Observed latitude= 23°11.1’N

Answer – Latitude of observer is 23°11.1’N.

4.The use of Polaris to calculate the latitude of an observer

Question given data-

Ship time and date 0640 Hrs 13thseptember
postion of ship 49˚18’N 14˚15’W Chronometer Reading 7h 42m 00s
Sextant Altitude = 49˚53.0’ chronometer Error Nil
Index Error 3.6’ On The Arc Height Of Eye 25.0 M

First of all from given ship time from long /15 (LIT) we will find aproxmitate GMT time-
LMT (Ship time) = 13sep 06h 40m
LIT(Long/15) = + 00h 57m LIT west so will add in LMT to get approx GMT time

Approx GMT =13 SEP 07h37m

Now we will correct chronometer time-

Chronometer time = 07h 42m 00s
Chron error = nil
correct chron = 07h42m00s
so correct GMT time will be on 13sep 07h42m
Now we will enter in almanac with correct GMT time and we will find out the GHA aries-
Enter with date 13the sep and time 0700hrs then we find GHA aries and then we will go in
increment table and check increment for 42’ and add to get exact GHA aries-

GHA aries = 97°09.5’

Increment for GHA aries = + 10°31.7’
GHA aries for 07h42m = 107°41.2’
Once we got GHA aries we need to obtain LHA so for that we have to add or longitude so in
question given longitude is west so we are west of GMT so we need to subtract to get LHA-

GHA aries = 107˚41.2’

Longitude (W) = (-) 14˚15’W

LHA aries = 93˚26.2’

We need to find position line in order to get that first of all we will go to the polaris (pole star table )
then with LHA aries and latitude we will find out the Azimuth bearing so from polaris table got true
bearing of azimuth bearing 358.8°from that we will find
PL line.

Polaris star
(358.8°)

268.8° 88.8°

PL line = 88.8˚ / 268.8˚

Now we need to correct our sextant applying index error so we will get observe altitude-
SEXT ALT = 49˚53.0’
INDEX ERROR = (-) 3.6’ (on the arc so we will subtract)
OBSERVED ALT = 49˚49.4’
DIP = (-) 8.8’
APPARENT ALT = 49˚40.6’
so with HOE =25m we will enter to altitude correction table in order to get DIP so 25 m HOE
we got 8.8’ dip apply as it is sign is given and after apply Dip we will get apparent altitude
After getting apparent altitude now we will add total correction from almanac altitude correction
table so will get true altitude-

Apparent altitude = 49˚40.6’

Total correction = (-) 0.8’

True altitude = 49˚39.8’

Now we need to do latitude correction for we need to use polaris table and apply correction-
a0=0˚34.6’(using LHA aries from polaris table we need to do interpolation by using eye
interpolation got value 0°34.6’)
for a1 and a2 no need to interpolare we can take direct value using correct table-
a1=0˚0.6’( we will use our latitude then find the value from polaris table)
a2=0˚0.3’ we wiil use month to find out the value of a2 in polaris table)
so finally to obtain the observe latitude we need to add all correction (a0+a1+a2) in true altitude
and subtract from 1°

Total Altitude =49˚39.8’

A0 =0˚34.6’(+)
A1 =0˚0.6(+)
A2 =0˚0.3’(+)
1˚ =1˚00 (-)
Observed Latitude =49˚15.3 ‘N

So finall answer observe altitude for polaris = 49°15.3’, PL line = 88.8˚ / 268.8˚

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