Questions for Research

Specimen Collection and Handling for Renal Examinations

Name: ________________________________________________ Score:

_______________ Course/Year/Section: ______________________________
Date: ________________

1. Aside from the specimens used in this exercise, enumerate other specimen types.
Describe the procedure for collection briefly.
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2. Tabulate the advantages and disadvantages of the following specimens:

Type of Specimen Advantage/s Disadvantage/s First Morning Urine

Random Urine

Fasting Urine

2-hour Postprandial

24-hour Urine

12-hour Night

12-hour Day
Afternoon Specimen

3. What specimen, preservative and storage conditions are most suitable for the assay of
each of the following analytes?
a. Microalbumin -
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Myoglobin -
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Porphyrin -
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metals - ___________________________________________________________
e. Cystine -
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4. Complete the following table regarding common urine preservatives:

Preservative Advantage/s Disadvantages Remarks 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.

5. Define the following terms:

a. Oliguria -
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Dysuria - ___________________________________________________________
c. Pollakiuria -
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Polyuria - ___________________________________________________________
e. Anuria - ___________________________________________________________
 6. If the laboratory received an unidentified fluid with a request to determine if the fluid is
urine or another body fluid, what routine laboratory tests may be used to determine that
the fluid is most likely urine?
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7. List five reasons why a laboratory could consider a urine specimen

unacceptable: a. _____________________________________________
b. _____________________________________________
c. _____________________________________________
d. _____________________________________________
e. _____________________________________________

8. Complete the following table regarding changes that occur in unpreserved urine:

Analyte Change Cause

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.
10.
Reference/s (author, title, year published, page/s):

Questions for Research

Physical Examination of Urine

Name: ________________________________________________ Score:

_______________ Course/Year/Section: ______________________________
Date: ________________

1. Should a new specimen be collected for the following situations? Explain briefly. a. A
green-yellow specimen with negative test result for glucose and bilirubin.
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b. A dark yellow specimen that produces a large amount of white foam

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c. A cloudy urine with a strong odor of ammonia

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d. A hazy specimen with a specific gravity greater than 1.035 by refractometry.

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2. While performing a routine urinalysis on a specimen collected from a patient in the urology
clinic, the medical technologist finds a specific gravity reading that exceeds the 1.035
scale on the refractometer.
a. If the urinalysis report has a 1+ protein and a negative glucose, what is the most
probable cause of the finding?
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b. The technician makes a 1:4 dilution of the specimen, repeats the specific gravity,
and gets a reading of 1.015. What is the actual specific gravity?
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c. Using a 1 ml of urine, how would the technician make the above dilution?
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d. How could a specific gravity be obtained from the specimen by diluting it?
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3. Give 5 possible reasons for abnormal urine color

a. Color: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
b. Color: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
c. Color: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
d. Color: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
e. Color: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________

4. Give 5 possible reasons for abnormal urine odor

a. Odor: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
b. Odor: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
c. Odor: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
d. Odor: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________
e. Odor: ____________________ Reason/s: ___________________________

Reference/s (author, title, year published, page/s):